The clinical utility of dual-energy CT in post-thrombectomy care: Part 1, predictors and outcomes of subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhage

ObjectivesDual-energy CT allows differentiation between blood and iodinated contrast. We aimed to determine predictors of subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on dual-energy CT performed immediately post-thrombectomy and the impact of these hemorrhages on 90-day outcomes.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent thrombectomy for anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and subsequent dual-energy CT at a comprehensive stroke center from 2018-2021. The presence of contrast, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or intraparenchymal hemorrhage immediately post-thrombectomy was assessed by dual-energy CT. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of post-thrombectomy hemorrhages and 90-day outcomes. Patients with unknown 90-day mRS were excluded.ResultsOf 196 patients, subarachnoid hemorrhage was seen in 17, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage in 23 on dual-energy CT performed immediately post-thrombectomy. On multivariable analysis, subarachnoid hemorrhage was predicted by stent retriever use in the M2 segment of MCA (OR,4.64;p=0.017;95%CI,1.49-14.35) and the number of thrombectomy passes (OR,1.79;p=0.019;95%CI,1.09-2.94;per an additional pass), while intraparenchymal hemorrhage was predicted by preprocedural non-contrast CT-based ASPECTS (OR,8.66;p=0.049;95%CI,0.92-81.55;per 1 score decrease) and preprocedural systolic blood pressure (OR,5.10;p=0.037;95%CI,1.04-24.93;per 10 mmHg increase). After adjusting for potential confounders, intraparenchymal hemorrhage was associated with worse functional outcomes (OR,0.25;p=0.021;95%CI,0.07-0.82) and mortality (OR,4.30;p=0.023,95%CI,1.20-15.36), while subarachnoid hemorrhage was associated with neither.ConclusionsIntraparenchymal hemorrhage immediately post-thrombectomy was associated with worse functional outcomes and mortality and can be predicted by low ASPECTS and elevated preprocedural systolic blood pressure. Future studies focusing on management strategies for patients presenting with low ASPECTS or elevated blood pressure to prevent post-thrombectomy intraparenchymal hemorrhage are warranted.     

Noncontrast computed tomography markers of outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage patients

ABSTRACT

Objectives: The characterization of markers capable of predicting clinically significant hematoma growth (HG) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be useful for the selection of patients for clinical trials. The use of several noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers has been suggested to stratify the risk of HG. The aim of this study was to analyze HG prediction using different NCCT markers in patients with spontaneous ICH.

Methods: Single-hospital retrospective study of patients with spontaneous ICH, who underwent initial NCCT <24 hours after symptom onset. Clinical characteristics were collected and two independent observers analyzed hemorrhage characteristics, volumes and 8 NCCT markers. HG was defined as a growth of ≥33% or ≥6mL in follow-up CT and 30-day survival was collected.

Results: 328 patients were included. The most frequent NCCT marker was ‘any hypodensity’ (68.0%) and the less frequent was the blend sign (11.6%). HG occurred in 22.1% of patients and the only independent predictors for HG were ‘any hypodensity’ (OR=3.32, 95%CI=1.18–9.34, p=0.023) and the swirl sign (OR=3.98, 95%CI=1.41–11.21, p=0.009). Although all NCCT markers were more frequent in patients who died within 30 days, the only independent predictors were ‘irregular margins’ (OR=4.54, 95%CI=1.63–12.66, p=0.004) and the satellite sign (OR=2.49, 95%CI=1.07–5.75, p=0.034). NCCT markers with greater sensitivity for HG were ‘any hypodensity’ and the swirl sign, although with poor positive predictive values and poor areas under the curve.

Conclusion: Even though some NCCT markers are independent predictors of HG and 30-day survival, they have suboptimal diagnostic test performances for such outcomes.

Abbreviation: OR: odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval     

基于CT灌注成像评估侧支循环在急性缺血性脑卒中取栓前后脑梗死进展及预后评估中的应用

目的探讨基于CT灌注成像(CTP)评估的侧支循环对急性前循环大动脉闭塞患者取栓前后脑梗死进展及临床预后的影响。方法回顾性分析浙江省人民医院神经内科自2018年5月至2019年9月收治的110例发病24 h以内的急性前循大动脉闭塞患者的资料。所有患者均完成取栓手术,采用区域性软脑膜侧支(rLMC)评分对四维CT血管造影(4D-CTA)上的全时相融合像(tMIP)进行侧支循环评估;根据CTP的核心脑梗死体积和术后1周内头颅MR的DWI影像结果,计算进展梗死体积;采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估患者术后3个月时预后情况。结果(1)侧支循环好组患者56例,侧支循环差组患者54例。年龄(OR=0.951,95%CI:0.910~0.993,P=0.023)、心功能不全(OR=0.116,95%CI:0.018~0.731,P=0.022)、基线空腹血糖(OR=0.788,95%CI:0.646~0.961,P=0.019)、觉醒性卒中(OR=0.093,95%CI:0.023~0.380,P=0.001)及颈内动脉段闭塞(OR=7.604,95%CI:2.650~21.821,P=0.000)是侧支循环的独立影响因素。(2)侧支循环评分(95%CI:-2.947~-1.474,P=0.000)、缺血半暗带体积(95%CI:0.065~0.126,P=0.000)、脑组织水肿评分(95%CI:2.952~7.600,P=0.000)、出血转化(95%CI:8.966~23.114,P=0.000)及24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分(95%CI:0.606~1.248,P=0.000)是进展梗死体积的独立影响因素。(3)预后良好组患者共59例,预后不良组患者共51例。出血转化(OR=0.019,95%CI:0.001~0.275,P=0.004)及进展梗死体积(OR=0.824,95%CI:0.756~0.897,P=0.000)是急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者远期预后的独立影响因素。结论基于4D-CTA的rLMC侧支循环评分对发病24 h内急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者的进展梗死体积有良好的预测作用,并可通过进展梗死体积进一步预测患者预后。     

A Predictive Model for Functional Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy

IntroductionEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a well-established treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Variability in outcomes among thrombectomy patients results in a need for patient centered approaches to recovery. Identifying key factors that are associated with outcomes can help prognosticate and direct resources for continued improvement post-treatment. Thus, we developed a comprehensive predictive model of short-term outcomes post-thrombectomy.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of adult patients who underwent EVT at our institution over the last four years. Primary outcome was dichotomized 90-day mRS (mRS 0–2 v mRS 3–6). Bivariate analyses were conducted, followed by logistic regression modelling via a backward-elimination approach to identify the best fit predictive model.Results326 thrombectomies were performed; 230 cases were included in the model. In the final predictive model, adjusting for age, gender, race, diabetes, and presenting NIHSS, pre-admission mRS = 0–2 (OR 18.1; 95% 3.44–95.48; p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of a good outcome at 90-days. Other independent predictors of good outcomes included being a non-smoker (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.53–19.00; p = 0.01) and having a post-thrombectomy NIHSS<10 (OR 9.7; 95% CI 3.90–24.27; p < 0.001). A decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) was predictive of a poor outcome at 90-days (OR 0.07; 95% CI 0.01–0.72; p = 0.03). This model had a Sensitivity of 79%, a Specificity of 89% and an AUC=0.89.ConclusionOur model identified low pre-admission mRS score, low post-thrombectomy NIHSS, non-smoker status and not requiring a DHC as predictors of good functional outcomes at 90-days. Future works include developing a prognostic scoring system.     

Number of Stent Retriever Passes Associated with Clinical Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the number of stent retriever (SR) passes and clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyze data collected from consecutive patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) in anterior circulation treated with MT. Baseline characteristics, number of SR passes, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), clinical outcome measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days after MT were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between number of SR passes and patients’ clinical outcome.Results134 patients with LVO achieved successful reperfusion (mTICI 2B/3) were enrolled. Univariate analysis showed that patients with favorable outcomes were less likely to need more than three passes of SR (9.8%vs39.7%, p = 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, baseline NIHSS score (OR 0.922, 95%CI 0.859∼0.990, p = 0.025), more than three passes of SR (OR 0.284, 95%CI0.091∼0.882, p = 0.030) and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 0.116,95%CI0.021∼0.650, p = 0.014) each independently predicted poor outcome after MT at 90 days.ConclusionThe need for more than three passes of SR may be used as an independent predictor of poor outcome after MT in patients with acute ischemic stroke at 90 days.     

Value of angiographic regional circulation signs in predicting hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular thrombectomy

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the early venous filling (EVF) sign, the basal ganglia blush (BGB) sign and both the EVF and BGB signs for the hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) in patients after endovascular thrombectomy.MethodsThis study included patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusive stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy from May 2017 to December 2021. The predictive value of regional circulation signs for HT and PH were assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for confounders, and further a multiplicative interaction term was added to investigate the effect of different stroke severity on its predictive value.ResultsAmong the 350 patients included and after adjusting for confounders, those with the EVF sign (adjusted OR=3.934, 95% CI:2.326–6.655), the BGB sign (adjusted OR=3.776, 95% CI:2.341–6.089), and both the EVF and BGB signs (adjusted OR=3.250, 95% CI: 1.886–5.600) were more likely to have HT. The EVF sign (adjusted OR=3.545, 95% CI:2.036–6.170), the BGB sign (adjusted OR=3.742, 95% CI:2.110–6.639), and both the EVF and BGB signs (adjusted OR=3.139, 95% CI: 1.776–5.549) were also significantly correlated with PH. When stratified according to stroke severity, we further found there were significant interactions between regional circulation signs and stroke severity on postoperative HT and PH (all P for interaction < 0.001).ConclusionsRegional circulation signs were independently associated with HT and PH after endovascular thrombectomy and had a higher predictive value in patients with severe stroke compared with mild to moderate stroke.     

Endovascular thrombectomy with or without intravenous thrombolysis in acute basilar artery occlusion ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis

IntroductionIt is poorly understood if endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) better facilitates clinical outcomes in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) ischemic stroke.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis was completed to investigate the outcomes of EVT with IVT versus direct EVT alone in acute BAO. Data was collected from the literature and pooled with the authors’ institutional experience. The primary outcome measure was 90-day modified Rankin sale (mRS) of 0-2. Secondary measures were successful post-thrombectomy recanalization defined as mTICI ≥2b, 90-day mortality, and rate of symptomatic ICH.ResultsOur institutional experience combined with three multicenter studies resulted in a total of 1,127 patients included in the meta-analysis. 756 patients underwent EVT alone, while 371 were treated with EVT+IVT. Patients receiving EVT+IVT had a higher odds of achieving a 90-day mRS of ≤ 2 compared to EVT alone (OR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.95, P =0.002, I² =0%). EVT+IVT also had a lower odds of 90-day mortality (OR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.89, P=0.01, I²=24%). There was no difference in sICH between the two groups (OR: 1.0, 95% CI: 0.56 to 1.79, P=0.99, I²=0%). There was also no difference in post-thrombectomy recanalization rates defined as mTICI ≥2b (OR: 1.11, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.75, P = 0.65, I²=37%).ConclusionsOn meta-analysis, EVT with bridging IVT results in superior 90-day functional outcomes and lower 90-day mortality without increase in symptomatic ICH. These findings likely deserve further validation in a randomized controlled setting.     

慢性硬膜下血肿并发行为异常的影响因素分析

目的研究慢性硬膜下血肿并发行为异常的影响因素。方法回顾性连续纳入2009年1月至2019年10月四川省德阳市人民医院收治的慢性硬膜下血肿207例,将所有患者依据是否并发行为异常分为行为异常组及非行为异常组。收集患者一般人口学资料如性别、年龄及病史(如外伤史、吸烟史、饮酒史、脑血管病史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、血脂异常病史、凝血异常史),记录患者入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分,收集入院时CT及脑CT灌注等影像学资料,包括血肿量、血肿部位、血肿密度、CT中线移位、镰下疝、脑灌注缺损等资料。由专业的心身医学科医师进行精神检查,并进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、修订韦氏成人记忆量表(WMS-RC)及力量表(WAIS-RC)测试。以HAMD评分>7分为抑郁状态,记忆商及总智商<79分作为记忆障碍和智能障碍的判断标准。采用Logistic回归分析影响慢性硬膜下血肿并发行为异常的独立危险因素。结果慢性硬膜下血肿患者并发行为异常的发生率为73.43%(152/207)。单因素分析结果显示,两组慢性硬膜下血肿患者在性别、年龄、凝血异常史方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);两组患者在外伤史(χ^2=8.763)、吸烟史≥10年(χ^2=11.491)、饮酒史≥10年(χ^2=14.365)、脑血管病史(χ^2=11.492)、高血压病史≥10年(χ^2=13.057)、糖尿病史≥10年(χ^2=9.534)、血脂异常病史(χ^2=13.274)、病程≥3个月(χ^2=7.731)、血肿量≥30 ml(χ^2=12.763)、额颞部血肿(χ^2=21.458)、混杂密度血肿(χ^2=8.736)、CT中线移位≥5 mm(χ^2=14.572)、镰下疝(χ^2=10.396)、GCS<8分(χ^2=7.216)、额颞叶脑灌注缺损(χ^2=6.781)方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,外伤史(OR=2.164,95%CI:1.083~2.934)、吸烟史≥10年(OR=2.346,95%CI:1.191~2.835)、饮酒史≥10年(OR=2.941,95%CI:1.284~3.157)、脑血管病史(OR=3.178,95%CI:1.893~4.597)、高血压病史≥10年(OR=2.783,95%CI:1.231~2.957)、糖尿病史≥10年(OR=2.841,95%CI:1.309~3.637)、有血脂异常病史(OR=3.237,95%CI:1.794~5.124)、病程≥3个月(OR=3.957,95%CI:1.997~5.463)、血肿量≥30 ml(OR=4.875,95%CI:1.982~5.875)、额颞部血肿(OR=4.763,95%CI:1.898~5.968)、混杂密度血肿(OR=4.537,95%CI:1.795~5.362)、CT中线移位≥5 mm(OR=4.876,95%CI:1.897~5.985)、并发镰下疝(OR=4.495,95%CI:1.754~5.247)、GCS<8分(OR=4.875,95%CI:1.897~5.876)、额颞叶脑灌注缺损(OR=4.237,95%CI:1.651~4.896)是影响慢性硬膜下血肿患者并发行为异常的独立危险因素。结论慢性硬膜下血肿并发行为异常受外伤史、吸烟史、饮酒史、脑血管病史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、高血脂病史、病程、血肿量、血肿部位、血肿密度、CT中线移位、镰下疝、GCS、脑灌注等因素影响,有针对性给予干预可能有效降低慢性硬膜下血肿发生行为异常的发生率。     

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome is Associated with Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

ObjectivesSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and hematoma expansion are independently associated with worse outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the relationship between SIRS and hematoma expansion remains unclear.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients admitted to our hospital from 2013 to 2020 with primary spontaneous ICH with at least two head CTs within the first 24 hours. The relationship between SIRS and hematoma expansion, defined as ≥6 mL or ≥33% growth between the first and second scan, was assessed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis. We assessed the relationship of hematoma expansion and SIRS on discharge mRS using mediation analysis.ResultsOf 149 patients with ICH, 83 (56%; mean age 67±16; 41% female) met inclusion criteria. Of those, 44 (53%) had SIRS. Admission systolic blood pressure (SBP), temperature, antiplatelet use, platelet count, initial hematoma volume and rates of infection did not differ between groups (all p>0.05). Hematoma expansion occurred in 15/83 (18%) patients, 12 (80%) of whom also had SIRS. SIRS was significantly associated with hematoma expansion (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.16 - 17.39, p= 0.02) on univariable analysis. The association remained statistically significant after adjusting for admission SBP and initial hematoma volume (OR 5.72, 95% CI 1.40 – 23.41, p= 0.02). There was a significant indirect effect of SIRS on discharge mRS through hematoma expansion. A significantly greater percentage of patients with SIRS had mRS 4-6 at discharge (59 vs 33%, p=0.02).ConclusionSIRS is associated with hematoma expansion of ICH within the first 24 hours, and hematoma expansion mediates the effect of SIRS on poor outcome.     

高血压性脑出血患者钻孔引流手术后继发性脑梗死的危险因素分析

目的 探索高血压性脑出血（hypertensivecerebralhemorrhage,HICH）患者钻孔引流手术后继发性脑梗死的危险因素。方法 连续纳入2017年1月—2020年1月在南京同仁医院神经外科行钻孔引流术治疗的HICH患者的临床资料,进行回顾性分析。根据术后1～7 d头颅CT检查是否存在继发性脑梗死,分为继发性脑梗死组和无继发性脑梗死组。通过单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析筛选出HICH患者继发性脑梗死的独立危险因素,并构建继发性脑梗死的风险预测模型。采用ROC曲线、校准曲线、临床决策曲线评价模型的区分度、准确度和有效性。结果 本研究共纳入210例HICH患者,其中24例术后继发性脑梗死,发生率为11.43%。单因素分析显示,继发性脑梗死组高血压病史时间（年）、收缩压、舒张压、糖尿病比例、血肿量、脑水肿分布范围、脑组织移位距离、hs-CRP和尿酸（uricacid,UA）水平均高于无继发性脑梗死组,服用扩血管药物比例患者低于无继发性脑梗死组,上述差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,高血压病史时间长（OR 1.642,95%CI 1.175～1.892,P<...     

Frequency and predictors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator outside clinical trials

BACKGROUND: To determine the frequency and predictors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) in patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). METHODS: We reviewed the databases of 7 tertiary hospitals that treated ischemic stroke patients with intravenous rt-PA. We recorded demographic data, vascular risk factors, time between onset and treatment, dose, the NIHSS score, body temperature, blood pressure, platelet count, blood glucose, antiplatelet treatment, and CT data. We also registered the study protocol used for treatment and deviations from the accepted protocol. A control CT was performed on all patients. SICH was diagnosed if a parenchymal hematoma was detected within the 36 h after rt-PA and was associated with an increase of > or =4 in the NIHSS score. Bivariate analyses were performed followed by a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 347 patients were studied, whose mean age was 68 +/- 10.9 years; 56% were men. Thirty-two patients (9.2%) exhibited a parenchymal hematoma, and 8 patients (2.3%) suffered a SICH. Patients with SICH had a higher frequency of previous transient ischemic attack (p = 0.04), early signs of ischemia (p = 0.003), hyperdense arterial sign (p = 0.008), and deviations (p = 0.002). Early signs of ischemia (OR 8.5, 95% CI 1.6-45.4, p = 0.01) and deviation from the protocol (OR 11.1, 95% CI 2.4-50, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of SICH. CONCLUSIONS: SICH is infrequent in patients with ischemic stroke treated with rt-PA outside of a clinical trial. Its frequency increases in the presence of early signs of ischemia on the non-contrast CT scan and deviations from the recommended protocol.     

青年烟雾病患者的卒中类型及危险因素分析

目的 探索青年烟雾病患者的卒中类型及临床特征,分析青年烟雾病患者发生卒中的危险因素。 方法 回顾性纳入2020年1月-2021年12月解放军总医院第五医学中心收治的青年（18～45岁）卒中型烟雾病患者,将患者分为出血性卒中组和缺血性卒中组进行亚型分析,对比不同卒中类型患者的临床及影像学特征。并以同期未发生卒中的烟雾病患者作为对照组,应用多因素logistic回归分析青年烟雾病患者发生出血性或缺血性卒中的危险因素。 结果 共入组108例卒中型烟雾病患者,其中出血性卒中22例（20.4%）,缺血性卒中86例（79.6%）。出血性卒中组中脑室出血12例（54.5%）,脑实质出血7例（31.8%）,蛛网膜下腔出血3例（13.6%）。缺血性卒中组中大动脉梗死型21例（24.4%）,血流动力学梗死36例（41.9%）,穿支动脉梗死29例（33.7%）。出血性卒中组与缺血性卒中组性别和合并动脉瘤者比例的差异有统计学意义。无卒中对照组共104例,多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,合并动脉瘤（OR?10.569,95%CI?1.524～73.274,P=0.017）为青年烟雾病患者发生出血性卒中的独立危险因素;增龄（OR?1.058,95%CI?1.004～1.115,P=0.034）、合并糖尿病（OR?4.005,95%CI?1.766～9.080,P=0.001）、高铃木分期（OR?1.363,95%CI 1.037～1.793,P=0.027）为青年烟雾病患者发生缺血性卒中的独立危险因素。 结论 青年烟雾病患者的卒中类型以缺血性卒中为主。血流动力学梗死和脑室出血分别是缺血性卒中和出血性卒中的主要类型。增龄、高铃木分期、合并糖尿病和颅内动脉瘤是引起青年烟雾病患者卒中的独立危险因素。     

影响急性脑梗死出血性转化的危险因素

目的 探讨急性脑梗死的出血性转化的危险因素。方法 收集2012年1月～2015年1月在湖北省恩施州利川市人民医院神经内科住院的急性脑梗死患者的临床及实验室检查资料,并在入院后10 d内行头颅CT复查,采用多变量logistic回归分析确定出血性转化的独立危险因素。结果 共纳入345例急性脑梗死患者,其中男205例,女140例,101例发生出血性转化。出血性转化组的年龄、脑梗死体积、脑卒中史或TIA史、高血压病、糖尿病、抗凝药和房颤的比例均显著高于非出血性转化组(P<0.05),而2组抗血小板聚集药、他汀类、高脂血症史、吸烟或饮酒史无明显差异(P>0.05)。多变量logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.168,95%,CI=1.059～3.412; P=0.021)、梗死体积(OR=3.461,95%C1=1.317～6.270; P=0.044)和房颤(OR=1.284,95%C1= 1.117～2.903; P=0.015)为出血性转化的独立危险因素。结论 急性脑梗死患者出血性转化的发生率为29.3%,年龄、脑梗死体积和房颤为出血性转化的独立危险因素,绝大多数出血性转化不会加重临床症状,临床症状加重的患者主要是脑实质血肿型。     

急性期胰岛素样生长因子-1对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血院内并发症及短期预后的预测作用

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1（insulin like growth factor-1,IGF-1）水平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出 血（aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH）患者院内并发症及出院时临床预后的预测价值。 方法 连续入组发病72 h内的aSAH患者及健康对照。在动脉瘤闭塞术前采集血样,测定血浆IGF-1水 平。对患者基本信息,神经内分泌因子、院内并发症及结局进行分析,用Logistic回归确定院内并发症 及出院时预后不良（mRS评分＞2分）的预测因素,计算预测因素的受试者工作特征曲线下面积。 结果 共入组118例aSAH患者和122例健康对照者。aSAH患者血浆IGF-1水平较健康对照低[69.00 （50.98,93.85）ng/mL vs 81.05（69.40,102.78）ng/mL,P <0.0001]。37例（31.4%）患者出院时预 后不良。IGF-1浓度越低（OR 0.971,95%CI 0.946～0.996,P =0.0262）、入院时Hunt-Hess分级3～5 级（OR 4.995,95%CI 1.331～18.747,P =0.0007）、住院期间发生迟发型脑缺血（OR 46.100,95%CI 11.152～190.566,P <0.0001）及脑积水（OR 7.768,95%CI 1.088～55.463,P =0.0284）的患者预后不良 风险增高。IGF-1与Hunt-Hess分级、迟发型脑缺血的预测价值基本相同（P >0.05）。71例（60.2%）患者 住院期间发生至少1种并发症。仅有入院时I GF-1浓度（OR 0.984,95%CI 0.973～0.996,P =0.0082）对 院内并发症有预测价值。 结论 aSAH急性期患者血浆IGF-1浓度越低,住院期间并发症发生率越高,出院时功能预后越差。     

Risk assessment of mechanic thrombectomy on post-stroke seizures: a systematical review and meta-analysis

PurposeWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of early and late onset seizures following stroke mechanic thrombectomy (MT) compared with other systematic thrombolytic strategies.MethodsA literature search was conducted to identify articles covering databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) published from 2000 to 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-stroke epilepsy or seizures following MT or in combination with intravenous thrombolytics therapy. Risk of bias was assessed by recording study characteristics. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThere were 1346 papers in the search results, and 13 papers were included in the final review.We identified 29,793 patients with stroke, of which 695 had seizures. Pooled incidence of post-stroke seizures had no significant difference between mechanic thrombolytic group and other thrombolytic strategy group (OR=0.95 (95%CI= 0.75-1.21); Z=0.43; p=0.67). In subgroup analysis, mechanic group have a lower risk of post-stroke early onset of seizures (OR=0.59 (95%CI=0.36-0.95); Z=2.18; p<0.05) but showed no significant difference in post-stroke late onset of seizures (OR=0.95 (95%CI= 0.68-1.32); Z=0.32; p=0.75).ConclusionsMT may be associated with a lower risk of post-stroke early onset of seizures, despite MT does not affect the pooled incidence of post-stroke seizures compared with other systematic thrombolytic strategies.     

Insulin Resistance is Significantly Related with Worse Clinical Outcomes in Non-Diabetic Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis

Objectivesto investigate the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and clinical outcomes in non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.MethodsWe recruited non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis prospectively. IR was defined as homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance index ≥2.80. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, and infarct volume was measured using DWI. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by neurological improvement and hemorrhagic transformation at 24 hours, and favorable functional prognosis at 90 days.Results232 patients were enrolled into this study. IR group was 67 patients, non-IR group was 165 patients. Compared with the non-IR group, the probability of neurological improvement at 24 h ours and favorable functional outcome at 90 days in IR group were all significantly lower (41.79% vs 63.03%, p<0.01; 73.13% vs 89.09%, p<0.01 respectively), whereas the ratio of hemorrhagic transformation was much higher (16.42% vs 4.85%, p<0.01). In multivariable logistic regression, IR was negatively associated with neurological improvement and favorable functional prognosis (OR=0.39, 95%CI, 0.20–0.76, p<0.01; OR= 0.26, 95%CI, 0.07–0.91, p=0.04, respectively), but was positively correlated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR=4.07, 95%CI, 1.13–14.59, p=0.03) after adjusting traditional risk factors. We analyzed 108 infarct volume data further, the median of volume in IR group was 2.27 cm³, higher than that in non-IR group (1.96 cm³), but no statistical difference (p=0.65).ConclusionsIn non-diabetic ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, IR was related with worse clinical outcomes, but not with infarct volume.     

血浆和肽素水平对急性脑出血患者临床结局的预测研究

目的 研究血浆和肽素水平对脑出血患者临床结局的预测价值。 方法 连续入组2011年1月-2012年5月期间住院的自发性脑出血患者,并收集患者的性别、年龄、既 往史及血压、实验室检查、影像学检查信息等。入院时进行GCS评分及NIHSS评分,检测血浆和肽素 水平。随访患者30 d生存情况及90 d功能预后（mRS评分）。应用Logi sti c回归分析上述因素对急性脑出 血患者30 d死亡及90 d预后不良（mRS评分≤3分）的预测价值。 结果 共有133例患者纳入研究。9例（6.8%）患者在脑出血后30 d内死亡。在90 d随访期内,55例 （41.4%）患者功能预后不良。基线期血肿体积（OR 1.06,95%CI 1.00～1.13,P =0.047）及NIHSS评分 （OR 1.21,95%CI 1.05～1.39,P =0.01）是脑出血90 d预后不良的独立预测因素,基线GCS评分（OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.21～1.63,P =0.03）及血浆和肽素水平（OR 2.50,95%CI 1.16～5.37,P =0.02）是脑出血患者 30 d内死亡的独立预测因素。 结论 血浆和肽素水平高是脑出血短期死亡的独立预测因素。     

Impact of aneurysm morphology on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage severity,cerebral infarction and functional outcome

ObjectiveAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with high morbidity. The objective was to evaluate, whether specific morphological aneurysm characteristics could serve as predictive values for aSAH severity, disease-related complications and clinical outcome.MethodsA total of 453 aSAH patients (mean age: 54.9 ± 13.8 years, mean aneurysm size: 7.5 ± 3.6 mm) treated at a single center were retrospectively included. A morphometric analysis was performed based on angiographic image sets, determining aneurysm location, aneurysm size, neck width, aneurysm size ratios, aneurysm morphology and vessel size. The following outcome measures were defined: World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade 4 and 5, Fisher grade 4, vasospasm, cerebral infarction and unfavorable functional outcome.ResultsRegarding morphology parameters, aneurysm neck width was an independent predictor for Fisher 4 hemorrhage (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.0–1.3, p = 0.048), while dome width (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 0.005) and internal carotid artery location (OR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.1–4.2, p = 0.028) predicted vasospasm. None of the analyzed morphological characteristics prognosticated functional outcome. Patient age (OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.93–0.96, p < 0.001), WFNS score (OR: 4.8, 95%CI: 2.9–8.0, p < 0.001), Fisher score (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.4–3.7, p < 0.001) and cerebral infarction (OR: 4.5, 95%CI: 2.7–7.8, p < 0.001) were independently associated with unfavorable outcome.ConclusionsThe findings indicate a correlation between aneurysm morphology, Fisher grade and vasospasm. Further studies will be required to reveal an independent association of aneurysm morphology with cerebral infarction and functional outcome.     

幕上自发性脑出血患者痫性发作的发生率及其相关因素分析——来自中国国家卒中登记数据库

【摘要】 目的 评价幕上自发性脑出血患者伴发痫性症状的发生率以及其相关危险因素。 方法 本研究为前瞻性队列研究,纳入2007年9月～2008年8月中国国家卒中登记数据库的2862例既 往无癫痫病史的发病14 d内住院的幕上自发性脑出血患者。住院时记录患者发病时或住院期间是否 合并痫性发作症状,根据是否合并痫性发作分为合并痫性发作组和未合并痫性发作组,比较两组 患者的基本特征。采用多因素回归模型评价患者的人口学特征、既往史、入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表 （Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS）评分、幕上脑出血累及部位和体积、住院合并症与痫性发作的相关性。 结果 2862例幕上自发性脑出血患者,年龄中位数62.0岁（四分位间距53.0～72.0）,1115例（39.0%）为 女性,1921例（67.1%）既往有高血压病史。133例（4.6%）患者合并痫性发作。与未合并痫性发作患者相 比,合并痫性发作患者GCS平均评分低（9.5 vs 12.5,P =0.006）,合并脑积水（5.3% vs 1.5%,P =0.050） 和肺炎（30.1% vs 17.0%,P＜0.001）的比例高。在多因素回归分析中,下列因素与幕上自发性脑出血 患者伴发痫性发作独立相关：入院时GCS评分每降低2分［比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.32,95%可信区间 （confidence interval,CI）1.21～1.45］、血肿累及皮层（OR 5.82,95%CI 3.88～8.72）、合并脑积水（OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.14～6.56）和合并肺炎（OR 1.65,95%CI 1.09～2.52）。 结论 痫性发作是幕上自发性脑出血患者较为常见的神经系统并发症。昏迷程度、血肿累及皮层, 以及合并脑积水和肺炎是并发痫性发作症状的危险因素。     

Contrast Extravasation is Predictive of Poor Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Anterior Circulation

ObjectiveTo investigate whether contrast extravasation on dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after endovascular therapy (EVT) are related to hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and poor short-term clinical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on AIS patients who underwent EVT at Xuanwu hospital between November 2016 and January 2019. DECT was performed on all patients within 24 hours after EVT. Baseline demographic and clinical data were analyzed between patients with and without contrast extravasation and between patients with HT and non-HT, good and poor outcomes at 3 months post-EVT.ResultsA total of 166 patients were included in the study with 51 (30.7%) patients experiencing contrast extravasation. Compared to patients without contrast extravasation, patients with contrast extravasation had longer onset to reperfusion time (444.8 minutes versus 374.0 minutes, P = .044) and higher percentages of greater than 3 retriever passes (16.7% versus 31.4%, P = .030). Contrast extravasation was associated with higher risk of HT (P = .038), poor outcome after discharge (P = .030), and longer hospital stay (P = .034). Multivariate analysis showed that contrast extravasation occurrence was an independent factor for HT (OR = 2.150, 95% CI 1.060-4.360, P = .034) and poor short-term outcome (OR = 2.936; 95% CI 1.147-7.518, P = .025).ConclusionsThe presence of contrast extravasation within 24 hours of EVT may be associated with higher risks of HT and may be predictive of unfavorable functional outcomes in AIS patients.