经皮椎体成形术在椎体肿瘤治疗中的临床应用

目的:探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗椎体肿瘤性病变的临床效果.方法:应用PVP治疗32例44个椎体良恶性肿瘤病变.在C型臂X光机透视导向下经皮穿刺到病变椎体后注入骨水泥.记录患者术前、术后24 h、术后1周、术后1个月的疼痛视觉模拟划线得分(VAS),观察止痛效果和并发症.结果:44个椎体皆一次穿刺成功,穿刺成功率100%.一月后疼痛缓解程度为:完全缓解(CR)者8例,部分缓解(PR)者21例,轻度缓解(MR)者2例,无效(NR)者1例,总有效率(CR PR)为90.6%(29/32).患者术前与术后24 h、术后1周、术后1个月的VAS得分差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).PVP术后8个椎体发生无症状的骨水泥渗漏无1例椎体塌陷加重或发生新的骨折,无1例发生严重并发症.结论:PVP治疗椎体肿瘤性病变成功率高,效果良好.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗颈椎转移瘤

目的评估经皮椎体成形术(PVP)3种路径治疗颈椎溶骨性转移瘤的疗效和安全性方法回顾性分析36例(57节椎体)经PVP治疗颈椎溶骨性转移瘤患者的临床资料。采用WHO标准和视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价患者临床疗效,并分析总结不同部位椎体3种手术入路的应用经验。结果3组穿刺路径分别是前外侧入路、侧方入路、经椎间盘入路。所有椎体穿刺和骨水泥注射技术成功率达100%。术后随访至少3个月,资料完整的32例患者中11例完全缓解(CR),20例部分缓解(PR)、1例术后轻度缓解(MR),0例无效(NR),临床治疗有效率(CR+PR)达96.87%。患者术前、术后24 h、1周和3个月的VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。17节椎体发生少量骨水泥渗漏(29.82%),但均无严重并发症。结论前外侧入路PVP治疗C4～C7溶骨性转移瘤方便安全、有效。侧方入路治疗Cl,经椎间盘入路治疗C2、C3椎体转移瘤亦安全可行。临床应根据具体情况合理选择手术入路。     

椎体成形术缓解疼痛和稳定脊柱的影像和临床评价

目的:探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗脊柱病变对缓解疼痛和稳定脊柱的价值.材料和方法:对45例共62个椎体行经皮穿刺椎体成形术,其中血管瘤4例4个椎体、骨质疏松7例13个椎体、椎体恶性肿瘤34例46个椎体.经CT扫描定位,将不透X线骨水泥(主要成分为粉剂甲基丙烯酸树脂多聚体和液态甲基丙烯酸树脂单体)按粉剂与液体为4:1比例混合调制成糊状,用1ml注射器匀速缓慢注入病变椎体.结果:本组完全缓解(CR)率77.78%,部分缓解(PR)率17.78%,有效率为95.56%.其中7例骨质疏松症所致压缩性骨折者获CR4例,PR3例;4例血管瘤患者3例获CR,1例获PR;34例恶性瘤中28例获CR,4例获PR.止痛作用2周至18个月持续有效.CT和平片随访观察骨水泥密度、形态与术后所见无变化,未见椎体进一步压缩.结论:经皮穿刺椎体成形术适用于椎体血管瘤、骨质疏松、转移瘤等溶骨性病变,具有稳定脊柱和减轻疼痛的作用.     

CT引导下椎体成形术治疗脊椎转移瘤晚期疼痛

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)治疗脊椎转移瘤晚期疼痛的方法和效果。方法:回顾性分析27例脊椎转移瘤患者在CT引导下行经皮穿刺椎体成形术的镇痛效果和并发症。结果:27例35个椎体CT下穿刺准确率100%。术后患者均有不同程度的疼痛缓解。1个月时疼痛完全缓解(CR)19例,部分缓解(PR)8例。结论:CT引导下椎体成形术操作简便、安全、镇痛效果好,对提高患者的生存质量有很好的应用价值。     

CT引导下经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体良恶性病变的技术探讨

目的：探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗脊柱病变时技术的优化和并发症的防治.方法：对45例共62个椎体行经皮穿刺椎体成形术,其中血管瘤4例4个椎体、骨质疏松7例12个椎体、椎体恶性肿瘤34例46个椎体.经CT扫描定位,将不透X线骨水泥（主要成分为粉剂甲基丙烯酸树脂多聚体和液态甲基丙烯酸树脂单体）按粉剂与液体为4∶1比例混合调制成糊状,用1ml注射器匀速缓慢注入病变椎体.结果：本组完全缓解率（CR）77.78%,部分缓解率（PR）17.78%,有效率为95.56%.止痛作用2周至18个月持续有效.CT和平片随访观察骨水泥密度、形态与术后所见无变化,未见椎体进一步压缩.术后即刻CT证实有7例10椎骨水泥向椎体周边组织渗漏,只有1例硬膜外渗漏者导致暂时性神经根性痛.结论：经皮穿刺椎体成形术适用于椎体血管瘤、骨质疏松、转移瘤等溶骨性病变,只要我们操作得当,可以避免多数并发症的发生.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗脊椎转移性肿瘤

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在脊椎骨转移瘤中的治疗效果。方法应用PVP治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤40例共46个椎体。在X线电视监视下或CT引导下经皮穿刺至病变椎体后注入适量骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA),观察术后止痛效果、脊椎稳定性情况及并发症情况。结果40例穿刺全部成功,术后1~3d,患者的疼痛均有不同程度缓解疼痛完全缓解(CR)30例33个椎体、疼痛部分缓解(PR)8例10个椎体、轻度缓解(MR)2例3个椎体、疼痛无缓解(NR)0例;病变脊椎稳定性良好,术后影像学检查显示24例26个病椎的肿瘤区域被PMMA完全均匀充填加固,另16例20个椎体大部分充填。术中及术后均无严重并发症,随访1~3月效果良好。结论PVP可作为脊椎骨转移瘤缓解疼痛的方法之一,并可加强病变椎体的稳定性。     

经皮椎体成形术在椎体压缩骨折及椎体血管瘤治疗中的应用

目的:总结经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性椎体压缩性骨折和疼痛性椎体血管瘤的临床经验,评估其治疗疗效。方法:回顾性分析26例疼痛性椎体压缩性骨折和3例疼痛性椎体血管瘤的椎体成形术治疗病例。病椎39个,其中胸椎18个,腰椎21个,36个采用单侧椎弓根入路,3个采用双侧椎弓根入路。结果:29例治疗均获得成功,注射骨水泥2.5~5.0ml,平均3.2ml。术后随访6~12个月,完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、轻微缓解(MR)和无效(NR)例数分别为24、3、2、0,疼痛缓解率93.1%。患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)术后显著下降(P0.05)。结论:采用经皮椎体成形术治疗疼痛性椎体压缩性骨折及疼痛性椎体血管瘤是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗手段。     

CT引导经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移瘤

目的:回顾性评价CT引导下经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移瘤的疗效及其并发症。方法:2008-10～2010-10共治疗椎体转移瘤患者27例,共36个椎体。患者均有顽固性胸背痛,术前VAS评分平均9.1分,伴脊髓压迫者2例,术前Frankel分级C级3例,D级4例,均采用CT引导下经皮椎体穿刺行病变椎体内骨水泥注射治疗。随访观察并发症发生情况及治疗效果。结果:36个椎体在CT引导下均一次穿刺成功,术后疼痛缓解有效率为88.4%,完全缓解率27.9%,VAS评分术后(2.5±1.6)较术前(7.4±1.3)显著下降(P<0.05)。随访7～24个月,中位数10.8个月,末次随访时VAS评分2.98±0.81分,有效率78%,与术前比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);骨水泥外溢发生率为25%,无一例发生严重并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮椎体成形术具有良好的止痛及预防病理性骨折作用,改善患者生活质量,是治疗椎体转移性肿瘤安全、有效的方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗枢椎椎体转移瘤的穿刺途径及疗效初探

目的 探讨采用前外侧或后外侧入路穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)治疗枢椎转移瘤的安全性和疗效.方法 对10例枢椎椎体溶骨性转移瘤的患者行PVP,男8例,女2例.9例在X线透视引导下,采用前外侧入路穿刺与注射骨水泥,1例采用CT引导后外侧入路穿刺.结果 10例患者均为单侧穿刺,并均穿刺成功.注射骨水泥量为2～4 ml.患者术后当日CT复查显示骨水泥填充病灶均在70%以上.无穿刺途径出血或骨水泥外溢引起的有临床症状的并发症.术后7 d内疼痛完全缓解(CR)7例,部分缓解(PR)3例.术后1周内均去掉头托承重,下床活动.术后随访3～24个月,4个月死亡2例、8～11个月死亡3例、13～15个月死亡4例、1例术后第24个月仍存活,术后均无局部疼痛症状加重的表现.结论 采用前外侧入路或后外侧入路行PVP治疗枢椎转移瘤安全、有效.     

中老年椎体成形术后其它椎体骨折的再次椎体成形术

目的：探讨中老年患者首次椎体成形术后胸腰椎其它椎体新发生压缩性骨折再次椎体成形术治疗的必要性、技术方法特点和临床治疗价值。方法：对41例首次椎体成形术后新发生胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者行再次经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗。在心电监护下采取局麻下手术操作,经椎弓根入路穿刺病变椎体,在严密监测下依次向各病变椎体内加压注射骨水泥,术后1周评价治疗效果。重点分析新发生椎体骨折的发生规律和特点,术中操作的技术问题和与疗效有关的因素。结果：41例患者46个病变椎体行椎体成形治疗,39例40个椎体为再次椎体成形,2例6个椎体先后施行第2～3次椎体成形。46个病变椎体中43个椎体经单侧椎弓根穿刺成形,3个椎体经双侧椎弓根穿刺成形。各椎体内骨水泥注射剂量4.0～8.5ml,平均5.5ml,椎体骨髓腔内骨水泥大部充填者13个（28.3%）;中度充填者27个（58.7%）,少部分充填者6个（13.0%）;术中未发生明显椎管和血管泄露及相关并发症,术后1周症状明显缓解或消失者13例（31.7%）;部分缓解者25例（61%）;效果较差者3例（7.3%）,但术后4周亦明显缓解。结论：经皮穿刺椎体成形术是治疗中老年患者首次椎体成形术后性椎体骨折安全而有效的方法,应在严密的心电监测下尽早施行。对骨质疏松的椎体一般勿需预防性成形处理,但系统的健康教育有助于降低反复发生症状性椎体骨折的风险。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.