残余胆囊的诊断、治疗与预防（附16例报告）

作者通过对16例残余胆囊的临床分析，强调随着胆囊切除术的普及．本病已成为一个不可忽视的问题。进而对残余胆囊的病因、诊断、治疗与预防进行讨论．并结合自己的经验，发表了一些见解。     

残余胆囊诊治的探讨

近年来，因临床表现为“胆囊切除术后综合征（PCS）”而就诊的患者并不少见，其中残余胆囊是一重要原因。早在1951年Garlock等就首次描述了“胆囊管残留综合征”，至1970年Bodvall已积累了文献中达500例残余胆囊导致PCS的病例。所谓残余胆囊是指胆囊切除后胆囊或胆囊管残余超过1cm，因残余胆囊有炎症，Heister瓣的炎性瘢痕狭窄及残余或嵌顿于Heister瓣的结石阻塞，致残余胆囊扩张形成有炎症的“小胆囊”。残余胆囊主要症状为上腹疼痛及黄疸，由于对该病认识不足，常易误诊，本文就残余胆囊发生的原因、诊断、预防及处理等方面详细阐述。     

残余胆囊的诊治

目的 探讨残余胆囊的诊治及预防。方法 残余胆囊切除4例，残余胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流术10例，残余胆囊切除、肝胆管空肠Roux-Y吻合术2例，EST3例，EST后残余胆囊切除1例。结果 近远期疗效佳19例，欠佳1例，无手术死亡。结论 ERCP是诊断残余胆囊及并存病的最佳检查方法，无结石和胆囊管梗阻的残余胆囊并非一定需切除，重视每一例胆囊切除术、精细解剖、必要时经胆囊管胆道造影检查可以预防残余胆囊及残留结石发生。     

残余胆囊的诊治与预防

残余胆囊是胆囊切除术中遗留部分胆囊的结果，可伴有或不伴有结石的遗留，可引起类似胆囊炎、胆管炎症状，使病人蒙受再次手术的痛苦。随着胆囊切除术的普及，残余胆囊已成为一个不可忽视的问题。现分析我院1991年8月至2003年8月收治38例残余胆囊的临床资料，对残余胆囊的诊断、治疗及预防进行探讨，以期减少或根除残余胆囊的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的预防和处理

为探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)后残余胆囊的预防和处理方法 ,回顾分析近 4年收治的 11例LC术后残余胆囊患者的临床资料 ,均经开腹手术证实 ,其中 6例为残余胆囊 ,3例残余胆囊合并残余胆囊结石 ;2例胆总管结石行胆道探查时发现残余胆囊。 11例均行残余胆囊切除术。 2例合并胆总管结石行胆总管探察取石。病理检查证实均为残余胆囊慢性炎症改变。笔者认为 ,严格把握LC的适应证和规范操作是防止残余胆囊的关键。     

胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的诊断及治疗

目的 探讨胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的诊断和治疗方法。方法 对26例胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的病例资料从诊断和治疗两方面进行了总结和归纳。结果 采用超声、MRCP和ERCP等影象学方法均可在术前明确诊断残余胆囊。手术切除残余的胆囊和／或其中的结石(18／26)可解除病人的症状。结论 胆囊切除时对预防残余胆囊的发生是关键；手术切除是治疗该病的有效方法。     

残余胆囊的预防和诊治

残余胆囊的预防和诊治林雨冬１高志清２李树仁１钱印榕１残余胆囊属于“胆囊切除术后综合征（ｐｏｓｔｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅｓＰＣＳ）”中的一种，因胆囊管残留过长可以生长形成小胆囊或胆囊切除后遗留的部分胆囊，故称之为“残余胆囊”。统计...     

胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的诊断及治疗

目的探讨胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的诊断和治疗方法。方法对26例胆囊切除术后残余胆囊的病例资料从诊断和治疗两方面进行了总结和归纳。结果采用超声、MRCP和ERCP等影象学方法均可在术前明确诊断残余胆囊。手术切除残余的胆囊和/或其中的结石(18/26)可解除病人的症状。结论胆囊切除时对预防残余胆囊的发生是关键;手术切除是治疗该病的有效方法。     

腹腔镜残余胆囊再次手术治疗的体会

目的:总结腹腔镜治疗残余胆囊的手术经验,避免再次发生残余胆囊。方法:分析16例残余胆囊发生的原因,明确诊断并用腹腔镜治疗。结果: 16例患者应用腹腔镜将残余胆囊再次切除均痊愈,疗效满意。结论:在用腹腔镜行残余胆囊切除术时,应注意第一穿刺点的位置,避免损伤腹腔内脏器,术中仔细分离,处理好三管关系,避免损伤胆总管;必要时术中可用超声技术确定残余胆囊及结石的准确位置;术后根据术中具体情况决定是否放置腹腔引流管。     

胆囊切除术后残余胆囊结石28例诊治分析

目的探讨胆囊切除术后残余胆囊结石的原因、诊治及预防方法。方法回顾性分析我院28例残余胆囊结石再次手术的病例。28例中初次手术行经典胆囊切除术18例，小切口胆囊切除术6例，腹腔镜胆囊切除术4例；急诊手术15例，择期手术13例。结果大多数病例术前获得正确的临床诊断，28例均行再次手术治疗，切除残留胆囊及结石后，症状均消失，疗效满意。结论根据临床表现和影像学检查，该病能获得正确诊断。再次手术是唯一治疗手段。首次手术中认清胆囊管、肝总管、胆总管三者的解剖关系是预防的关键。     

残余胆囊的病因与处理

目的：探讨残余胆囊的发病原因、诊治及预防,以减少或根除残余胆囊的发生。方法：回顾性总结本院收治的３６例残余胆囊的临床资料,分析与致病有关的因素。３４例为开腹胆囊切除,另２例为腹腔镜胆囊切除术所引起。主要临床表现为类似胆囊炎表现,Ｂ型超声是主要影像学诊断方法。主要治疗方法为手术切除残余胆囊。结果：全组均行残余胆囊切除,近远期疗效佳。结论：提高医生对残余胆囊的警觉性,在胆囊切除术中认清胆囊三角区解剖关系,是预防残余胆囊的关键。     

残余胆囊合并胆系结石的诊治和预防

目的探讨残余胆囊合并胆系结石的病因、诊治及预防,以减少此并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析本院收治的17例残余胆囊合并胆系结石的临床资料。结果大多数病例术前获得正确的临床诊断;17例均行再次手术治疗,术后症状消失,疗效满意。结论根据临床表现和影像学检查,该病能获得正确诊断;再次手术是惟一治疗手段;首次手术中认清胆囊管、肝总管、胆总管三者的解剖关系是预防的关键。     

残留胆囊的处理和预防:附56例报告

目的 探讨残留胆囊的处理与预防方法.方法 对56例残留胆囊病人处理的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 56例均经临床及影像学检查确定诊断,择期手术切除残留胆囊后均获痊愈.结论 (1)根据既往有胆囊切除术后反复发作的胆道症状及现代影像学可确定残留胆囊诊断;(2)残留胆囊切除是治愈本病的有效方法.     

57例胆囊术后残留病变的防治探讨

目的研究分析胆囊术后残留病变的治疗及预防经验。方法回顾性分析我院1999年4月—2006年7月期间收治57例胆囊术后残留病变者的临床资料。结果全部病人均再次手术治疗,残余小胆囊并炎症23例,残株结石29例,残株癌变4例,1例发生残端神经瘤。其中并发胆总管结石21例,并胆内胆管结石9例。结论重视胆囊切除术,合理处理胆囊管,合理应用腹腔镜手术,正确看待小切口手术是防治胆囊术后残留病变的关键。     

残余胆囊的诊治体会

目的：探讨残余胆囊的发生、诊断、治疗以及预防。方法：通过对19例残余胆囊患者的诊治,讨论其发病特点、临床症状、诊治方法以及预防措施。结果：19例患者均经影像学检查诊断且经再次手术治愈,随访6个月至8年无复发。结论：根据临床表现和影像学检查,该病能获得正确诊断,再次手术切除是治愈该病的最有效手段。     

Gallstone ileus in patient with Crohn’s disease

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon form of bowel obstruction, related in the majority of cases to a cholecystoenteric fistula. In patients with Crohn’s disease the stone can obstruct the diseased bowel. We report a case of gallstone ileus in a patient with Crohn’s disease. An explorative laparoscopy and a minimally-invasive laparotomy were achieved to resolve the obstruction. Cholecystectomy and closure of the cholecystoduodenal fistula were not performed. The association of gallstone ileus and Crohn’s disease is very rare; only few cases are reported in the literature. Laparoscopic approach could identify the extension of the disease and the site of impaction, allowing the differential diagnosis in particular in patients with Crohn’s disease. In the cases described, cholecystectomy and the closure of the fistula were not performed considering the absence of any residual stone in the gallbladder and the associated risk of treating the cholecysto-duodenal fistula in an emergency settings.     

困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用体会(附300例报告)

目的:总结困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术的操作技巧.方法:回顾分析为255例急性胆囊炎、胆囊三角粘连、胆囊颈部结石嵌顿、腹腔内粘连等胆囊病变患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecyslectomy,LC)的临床资料.结果:中转开腹15例,胆总管损伤1例,术后胆漏3例,胆总管残石1例,胆囊窝积液18例,胰腺...     

Malignant Melanoma of the Gallbladder: A Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Melanoma metastatic to the gallbladder is rare. When present, it is often part of a widespread complex of metastases. Primary gallbladder melanomas are also extremely rare and can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from metastatic lesions. The optimal treatment for malignant melanoma of the gallbladder remains unclear, and prognosis is generally poor. We present here two cases of patients with metastatic lesions to the gallbladder. One patient presented with symptomatic cholelithiasis and was found incidentally to have a metastasis. Another patient had known a metastasis, but underwent curative resection of the only site of disease. We review the published literature for gallbladder melanoma, both primary and metastatic to determine the role of surgery in this disease.     

Primary hydatid disease of the gallbladder: a rare clinical entity

Hydatid disease is endemic in Greece, and has been known from Hippocrates time to cause cysts in the liver. We report here three very rare cases of primary gallbladder hydatid disease without prior history or evidence of concurrent disease activity in any other location. To our knowledge, only two previous reports exist, each of one patient suffering from primary gallbladder hydatid disease. Unlike the insidious hydatid cysts of the liver, gallbladder hydatidosis in our patients was associated with early diagnosis, due to gallbladder dysfunction symptoms presenting early in its course. Moreover, the size of gallbladder cysts compared to liver cysts at diagnosis was small (maximal diameter, <5cm), making total cyst excision along with cholecystectomy feasible for all of our patients. During long-term follow up of the patients (up to 10 years), no disease recurrences were noted. We provide supporting evidence that primary gallbladder hydatidosis presents a different pathophysiological and clinical course, having better prognosis, when compared with the usual liver disease.     

Lessons learnt from a case of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for a residual gallbladder stone

IntroductionExtracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ECSWL) for gallstones is rarely used due to high recurrence rates, but has been reported to be effective in some circumstances.Presentation of caseWe describe a case of a failed attempt at laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to gallbladder contraction and complete obliteration of Calot’s triangle. Cholecystotomy was performed to remove all visible stones, and completed by a subtotal cholecystectomy and closure of the gallbladder remnant. The patient remained symptomatic due to a residual stone in the Hartmann’s pouch. ECSWL was attempted to fragment the stone; however, follow-up imaging showed persistence of the calculus.DiscussionLiterature review shows that ECSWL for multiple gallbladder stones has a low success rate. Even if a stone is successfully fragmented, a diseased gallbladder remnant seems incapable of expelling the fragments. Without completion endoscopic clearance, therefore, the treatment is considered incomplete.ConclusionOur case suggests that ECSWL is ineffective in management of residual gallbladder stones after failed cholecystectomy.