应城市有机氯农药残留异构体分析

目的了解应城市有机氯农药残留现状,分析有机氯农药污染源。方法 2007年4月—2008年7月在应城市辖区内采集了农产品及其生长环境样品10类622份,人体生物材料样品42份,依据国标方法进行了DDT、HCH异构体含量检测。结果分类样品各类异构体检出率差异明显;该市存在新的HCH、DDT输入源;人体生物材料样品有机氯残留异构体特征均为降解终端状态。结论为了保障人体的健康,必须强化农产品农药残留检测体系,加强农药的管理。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

2009—2011年武汉市某市场果蔬农药残留状况调查及预防对策

目的了解武汉市售蔬菜、水果中农药残留现状及趋势,为政府有关部门制定针对性强的、有效的农药监管防治对策和为消费者自己的预防保护提供参考依据。方法于2009—2011年每年7月从武汉市某市场采集样品,利用安鑫宝PR-3新型果蔬农药残留速测仪(以及配套的试纸)进行农药残留检测。结果 2009—2011年检测水果蔬菜共191种,总阳性率为38.22%。阳性率呈逐年递增趋势。水果类与蔬菜类农药检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.68,P0.05)。结论武汉市农贸市场销售的蔬果中农药残留情况较为严重,建议政府有关部门从农药生产、销售源头加强管理,开展农药残留危害及其防范的宣传教育。消费者从挑选、暴晒、去皮等途径加强自我保护,防治农药危害身体健康。     

淮安市2016—2020年市售蔬菜水果中农药残留监测与风险评估

目的 分析淮安市售蔬菜水果中农药残留情况,评估当地消费者蔬菜水果农药暴露风险。方法 根据《食品安全风险监测工作手册》的要求,在淮安市所辖8个县(区)农贸市场、商超、网店随机购买市售蔬菜水果,监测样品中农药残留,依据GB2763—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留现状》进行判定,采用危害物风险系数法评估农药残留风险。结果 2016—2020年共采集蔬菜水果样品283份,农药残留检出率54.42%,超标率3.89%;其中蔬菜样132份,农药残留检出率为59.09%,超标率为7.58%;水果样151份,农药残留检出率为50.33%,超标率为0.66%;蔬果间农药残留检出率差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.18,P>0.05),超标率差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.01,P<0.01)。蔬菜中杀菌剂和杀虫剂检出率分别为10.23%、2.22%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=73.57,P<0.01);水果中杀菌剂检出率为14.65%,无杀虫剂检出。危害物风险系数评估显示,淮安市售蔬菜水果超标农药的风险系数均>1...     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜水果粮食中有机磷农药残留检测结果分析

目的了解2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中16种有机磷农药残留量,为食用农产品的监管提供科学依据。方法从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户随机购买样品,采用NY/T761-2008气相色谱法进行分析,根据GB2763-2012《食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。结果 138份蔬菜、水果和粮食样品中16种有机磷农药残留全部合格样品116份,总合格率为84.1%。有机磷农药残留量检出率分别为粮食11.1%,蔬菜57.8%和水果33.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。有机磷农药残留超标率分别为蔬菜16.7%、水果16.7%和粮食11.1%,其中茎叶花菜类35.0%。不同季节样品有机磷农药残留检出率和超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。超市、农贸市场和农户3种不同来源样品有机磷农药残留量超标率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中有机磷农药残留均有检出,茎叶花菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重。     

2009-2010年南通市售蔬菜、水果中农药残留状况调查分析

目的探讨2009-2010年南通市售蔬菜、水果农药残留污染程度,及时发现食品安全隐患,为食品安全监督管理和保护居民健康提供科学依据。方法采集蔬菜(含食用菌)、水果等,按照国家标准检验方法检测40种农药。结果 2009-2010年共采集76份样品检测4类40种农药,农药残留检出率为34.2%,农药残留超标率为11.5%。农药残留检出率,2009年为64.7%,2010年为11.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.421,P=0.00);农药残留超标率,2009年为26.5%,2010年为4.8%,,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.507,P<0.01)。结论南通市农药残留现象仍然存在,相对2009年而言,2010年明显好转,但仍需加大宣传教育,加强监督管理。     

泉州市2010年市售蔬菜农药残留监测结果分析

目的 了解泉州市市售蔬菜农药残留情况,为相关部门监管提供依据,为食品污染物监测系统提供基础数据.方法 在大型农贸市场和超市随机采样,检测农药残留情况.结果 本次随机抽样共计12个品种153份样品,有机磷农药残留检出率为2.6％,韭菜和甜豆各1份检出甲胺磷,西兰花和紫包菜各1份检出氧化乐果.夏、秋、冬季检出率分别为3...     

2015-2016年滨州市387份蔬菜农药残留监测结果分析

目的 了解滨州市蔬菜中农药残留情况,为蔬菜的食用安全及食源性疾病的防控提供依据。方法 2015-2016年滨州市共采集流通和种植环节的8个品种387份蔬菜样品,用国标法进行农药残留的检测。依据GB2763-2016《食品中农药最大残留限量》对2015-2016年市售蔬菜产品中农药残留进行判定。结果 共计检测蔬菜样品387份,农药残留检出率为0.36%(40/11 223),超标率为0.05%(6/11 223),样品不合格率为1.55%(6/387)。各类蔬菜中以茄果类蔬菜农药检出率29.79%(14/47)最高,其次为甘蓝类蔬菜13.04%(3/23)。各类农药检出率排序为:拟除虫菊酯类农药>有机磷农药>氨基甲酸酯类农药。其中主要的检出农药为毒死蜱和联苯菊酯,均为3.62%(14/387)。结论 滨州市蔬菜产品存在不同程度的农药残留污染,禁用农药在蔬菜中仍有检出,但农残超标情况处于较低水平。     

2013—2015年广州市市售普洱茶农药残留状况分析

目的 了解广州市市售普洱茶农药残留状况,为政府监管和风险评估提供参考。方法 2013—2015年在广州市8个区的批发市场、零售店、超市、餐饮单位、网店和茶博会6类场所采用分层便利抽样方法采集普洱茶样本,按《国家食品安全风险监测工作手册》中植物源性样本农药多组分残留气相色谱-质谱联用法测定标准程序检测样品中17种农药残留量。结果 共检测432份普洱茶,检出农药残留353份,检出率为81.71%。检出率较高的项目为氯氰菊酯(78.70%,170/216)、联苯菊酯(69.68%,301/432)、氯氟氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯(30.32%,131/432)。农药残留超标7份,超标率为1.62%。不同包装形态、生产年份、原料产地的普洱茶农药残留检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 广州市市售普洱茶农药残留检出率较高,农药残留超标率较低,政府监管部门可根据农药残留检出率较高的样品类型特征进行重点监测。     

绵阳市2010-2012年蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留量分析

目的了解近3年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留量情况,为其质量的监管提供科学依据。方法从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户随机购买样品,采用NY/T761-2008气相色谱法进行分析,根据GB 2763-2012《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。结果 3年共检测样品507份,合格率为70.81%。蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.711,P0.05)。不同来源样品农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.837,P0.05)。不同季节样品中农药残留超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.976,P0.05),其中夏秋季样品中农药残留超标率相对较高。3年对比样品中农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=13.707,P0.05)。结论 2010-2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留合格率不高,检测的四大类农药以有机磷农药残留超标情况最为严重,相关部门应采取切实有效的措施进行监督和检测。     

The new medical oath in The Netherlands

The Hippocratic oath derives its name from the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. It has been embraced as a code of conduct by the medical profession throughout the ages, and is used by medical faculties as an explicit moment of reflection during graduation ceremonies. Although this oath is primarily of ceremonial value, it was felt that the text needed revision as it no longer reflected the current ethical norms in the Netherlands. The new Dutch oath drawn up in 2003 has a dual function: it is symbolic in that it represents the end of a doctor's training, but it is also intended to trigger the discussion of moral issues during the medical studies.     

The treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children in The Netherlands

A national survey on the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children was conducted among 10% of the Dutch general practitioners and 10% of the paediatricians. Oral Rehydration Solution was used by less than 40% of the general practitioners, while 95% of the paediatricians used it (nearly) always. About a quarter of the general practitioners used antidiarrhoeal medication in contrast to the paediatricians who hardly or never used these drugs. The refeeding period after the acute rehydration therapy showed great difference. The need for a uniform dietary advice was felt by nearly half the general practitioners. It is concluded that the internationally accepted primary treatment with O.R.S. has insufficient impact on the Dutch general practitioners. Greater knowledge on the unique features of this method is needed. The dietary advice after the primary treatment needs more uniformity.     

The development of memory clinics in The Netherlands

The development of memory clinics in the Netherlands. - Memory clinics (MCs) are multidisciplinary teams involved in the early diagnosis and treatment of people with dementia. Between 1998 and 2004 the number of MCs in the Netherlands increased from 13 to 40. This type of clinic is increasingly becoming part of standard care for people with early dementia and other cognitive disorders. A growing number ofMCs are collaborating structurally with local mental health care service providers. This is a positive development, in which hospital-based diagnosis and treatment are increasingly being integrated with long-term care to reach patient centred disease management.     

The changed picture of schistosomiasis in The Netherlands

Schistosomiasis is a very frequent import infection in the Netherlands. The serotesting for schistosomiasis in Leyden affords reasonable insight into the prevalence of this import infection among different groups of the population in the Netherlands. Out of 3032 serum samples submitted in the period from 1983 to April 1986, 40% was positive. Most people with positive serum tests were of Surinam origin. Currently, there is a shift toward more infections among Dutch travellers. Many of these patients have high IFA titres indicating a recently incurred infection. Often no ova are found in spite of positive serotest: this phenomenon was seen in 36% of the Dutch travellers and in 48% of the Surinam people.     

The control of infectious diseases in The Netherlands

Municipal health services (MHSs) carry out the control and prevention of communicable diseases, under the authority of the municipal councils. Mayors have the authority to enforce measures aimed at individuals, such as isolation and quarantine. The mandatory notification of infectious diseases by physicians, as required by the Infectious Diseases Act, is an essential part of infectious disease control. By collecting these notifications, MHSs obtain a much better picture than the individual physician of the mutual relationships between the reported cases. MHSs monitor current regional developments, while the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) does this for the entire country and elsewhere in the world. By means of electronic message service, the information can be disseminated immediately, if necessary, to health professionals everywhere in The Netherlands. In case of national threats or epidemics, the National Coordination of Infectious Disease Control (LCI) can request expert advice from the Outbreak Management Team and can advise the Minister of Public Health, Welfare and Sport (VWS) as to the best control measures. The Minister is chairman of a board of administrators, defines the policy and bears the final responsibility. The Ministry of VWS creates the necessary conditions. The Minister of VWS has noted structural errors in the organisation of the prevention of infectious diseases and will implement an improved organisational structure in the beginning of 2005. The assignments of the new centre are not only research and advising, but also the overall management of the prevention.