固体脂质纳米粒和纳米结构脂质载体在药物传递中的研究进展

基于固体脂质的纳米粒（Solid lipid - based nanoparticles,SLBNs）作为新型药物传递系统比常规的药物传递系统存在优势。通常,基于固体脂质的纳米粒可以分成两种形态,即固体脂质纳米粒（ Solid lipid nanoparticles, SLNs）和纳米结构脂质载体（Nanostructured lipid carriers,NLCs）。但固体脂质纳米粒与纳米结构脂质载体在基质的组成上不同,本文就基于固体脂质的纳米粒的制备技术、表征方法及应用的最新研究进展进行总结,为基于固体脂质的纳米粒进一步研究提供参考依据。     

固体脂质纳米粒在中药经皮给药中的研究进展

目的:介绍固体脂质纳米粒作为载体应用于中药经皮给药的研究进展。方法:以"固体脂质纳米粒""中药""经皮给药""纳米载体""Solid lipid nanoparticles""Traditional Chinese medicine""Transdermal drug delivery""Nano-carrier"等为关键词,组合查询2000-2014年Pub Med、中国知网全文数据库、维普中文期刊数据库和万方数据库中有关固体脂质纳米粒的常用脂质材料、透皮机制、优劣势及其在中药经皮给药研究进展的相关文献并进行综述。结果与结论:共查阅文献167篇,有效文献32篇。固体脂质纳米粒常用脂质材料为甘油三酯、甘油酯、类胆固醇等,经皮给药时常用表面活性剂有豆磷脂、卵磷脂等。其透皮机制尚不明确,可提高药物物理稳定性、提高难溶性药物生物利用度、降低药物刺激性,同时具有促渗、缓释、靶向作用。其劣势为载药量相对较低。现已有鬼臼毒素、灯盏花素、雷公藤内酯醇、青藤碱固体脂质纳米粒等用于经皮给药中。存在的不足有药物包载有限以及在安全性和有效性方面尚缺乏系统评价等,尚需深入研究。     

固体脂质纳米粒的制备和载体结构的研究进展及其应用

目的:从固体脂质纳米载体的制备和结构特征方面介绍其研究进展.方法:以国内外大量有代表性的论文为依据进行分析、归纳整理.结果:固体脂质纳米粒的多种制备方法各有优缺点,其中以高压乳化法和微乳化法被推崇.以固体和液体的混合脂质为基材,制备出O/F/W结构的纳米粒,不但能够有较好的载药能力,还可以拥有优异的缓控释功能.结论:固体脂质纳米粒是一种性能优异、有发展前景的新型给药系统.     

纳米结构脂质载药系统的研究进展

纳米结构脂质载体是在第一代脂质纳米粒——固体脂质纳米粒的基础上发展起来的一种新型药物传递系统,相比于传统脂质纳米粒,具有安全性好、稳定性高等优势,故而引起国内外医药工作者的广泛关注。对纳米结构脂质载体的特点、性质、结构、制备工艺及其用作载药系统的研究情况进行概述,为其在医药领域中的深度开发提供参考。     

纳米结构脂质载体肺部给药研究进展

传统吸入疗法不能使药物靶向到肺的特定部位,而纳米载体药物的肺部给药系统可克服传统吸入药物的不足。其中纳米结构脂质载体是固体和液体脂质的混合物经表面活性剂乳化后形成的纳米粒,具有更好的胶体稳定性和持续的药物释放行为。其组成成分具有无毒、生理惰性和生物相容性的特点,还具有良好的雾化特性,特别适用于肺部应用,并且生产过程简单（高压均质）,适合大规模生产。本文介绍了常见肺部给药纳米载体,概述了纳米结构脂质载体应用于肺部的优势,为其在肺部给药领域中的深度开发提供参考。     

新型纳米粒给药系统——纳米结构的脂质载体

固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）已被公认是一种新型的纳米粒给药系统，但SLN有不同程度的潜在问题。作为新一代的纳米粒给药系统——纳米结构的脂质载体（Nanostructured lipid carriers，NLC）可减小或者避免SLN有限载药能力及储藏过程包封药物泄漏的问题，而且能调整SLN的释放曲线。NLC以固体脂质与物态上相异的液体脂质混合制备得到，形成3种类型特殊结构的脂质骨架：结晶不完全态、无定形态、复合态。现介绍一种特殊的制备方法，不仅适合于制备NLC，而且也可作为制备高粒子浓度（30％～95％）SLN分散液的方法。描述了NLC作为给药系统潜在的应用前景。     

新型纳米结构脂质载体系统的研究进展

目的介绍新型的纳米结构脂质载体系统的研究进展,为其研究和应用提供参考。方法查阅相关文献33篇,进行整理和归纳。结果新型的纳米结构脂质载体能够克服固体脂质纳米粒的一些不足,并具有独特的结构特征,药物的包封机理和释放特征。结论纳米结构脂质载体作为药物传递系统的一种新剂型,具有广阔的发展前景。     

固体脂质纳米粒的研究进展

固体脂质纳米粒是新一代亚微粒给药系统，由于其生理相容性好，可控制药物释放以及良好的靶向性等优点，日益受到各国研究者的重视。本文综述了固体脂质纳米粒的制备方法，体外释药，给药途径及存在问题等方面的内容。     

新型载体在经皮给药系统中的应用进展

经皮给药系统(transdermal thrapeutic systems,TTS)是指通过皮肤表面给药,药物能以恒定不变或接近恒定不变的速率穿透皮肤而最终进入体循环,从而产生局部或全身治疗作用的一类新剂型.药物经皮给药系统与其他给药制剂和给药途径相比主要具有以下四个方面的优点[1]:①能有效避免胃肠道对药物的降解和肝脏首关效应;②能维持药物长时间释放;③给药后可保持平稳的血药浓度;④给药方法简单易行,发生问题时也能迅速终止给药.     

纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中应用的研究进展

目的介绍纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中的应用。方法查阅国内外文献共31篇,从纳米药物载体在经皮给药系统中的应用及各自的优势和不足等方面进行综述。结果纳米药物载体具有提高药物的化学稳定性、促进药物经皮吸收、控制药物释放以及定位给药等优点,在药物的经皮吸收方面具有广阔应用前景。结论纳米药物载体为药物的经皮通透提供了新的途径和方法,但是其安全性和有效性仍需进一步研究。     

Lipid nanoparticles: Different preparation techniques,characterization, hurdles,and strategies for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for oral drug delivery

The bioavailability of an orally administered drug primarily depends on its solubility in the GIT and its permeability across cell membranes. Also, a drug in solution form is preferred for conducting pharmacological, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies during the drug development stage. Thus, poor water solubility not only limits a drug’s biological application but also challenges its pharmaceutical development. The use of lipid nanoparticles (LNs) in pharmaceutical technology has been reported for several years due to its important in green chemistry for several reasons specifically for its biochemical as “green” materials and biochemical processes as green processes that can be very environmentally friendly. Also, the physiological/physiologically related lipids (GRAS) made LNs usually enhance the drug absorption in the GIT. Hence, the pathways for absorption, metabolism, and transportation are present in the body, which may contribute to a large extent to the bio-fate of the lipidic carrier. Moreover, the LNs improves the mucosal adhesion and increases their GIT residence time. The LNs with a solid matrix are two types: solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). Also, their hydrophobic core provides a suitable environment for entrapment of hydrophobic drugs to improve its bioavailability. This review highlights and discusses the simple and easily scaled-up novel SLN and NLC along with their different production techniques, hurdles, and strategies for the production of LNs, characterization, lyophilization and drug release. Also, this review summarizes the research findings reported by the different researchers regarding the different method of preparation, excipients and their significant findings.     

Application of lipid nanoparticles to ocular drug delivery

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Although eye drops are widely used as drug delivery systems for the anterior segment of the eye, they are also associated with poor drug bioavailability due to transient contact time and rapid washout by tearing. Moreover, effective drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging, and alternative routes of administration (periocular and intravitreal) are generally needed, the blood–retinal barrier being the major obstacle to systemic drug delivery.

Areas covered: Nanotechnology, and especially lipid nanoparticles, can improve the therapeutic efficiency, compliance and safety of ocular drugs, administered via different routes, to both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. This review highlights the main ocular barriers to drug delivery, as well as the most common eye diseases suitable for pharmacological treatment in which lipid nanoparticles have proved efficacious as alternative delivery systems.

Expert opinion: Lipid-based nanocarriers are among the most biocompatible and versatile means for ocular delivery. Mucoadhesion with consequent increase in pre-corneal retention time, and enhanced permeation due to cellular uptake by corneal epithelial cells, are the essential goals for topical lipid nanoparticle delivery. Gene delivery to the retina has shown very promising results after intravitreal administration of lipid nanoparticles as non-viral vectors.     

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) versus solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical delivery of meloxicam

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as well as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and evaluate their potential in the topical delivery of meloxicam (MLX).

Materials and methods: The effect of various compositional variations on their physicochemical properties was investigated. Furthermore, MLX-loaded lipid nanoparticles-based hydrogels were formulated and the gels were evaluated as vehicles for topical application.

Results and discussion: The results showed that NLC and SLN dispersions had spherical shapes with an average size between 215 and 430?nm. High entrapment efficiency was obtained ranging from 61.94 to 90.38% with negatively charged zeta potential in the range of ?19.1 to ?25.7?mV. The release profiles of all formulations exhibited sustained release characteristics over 48?h and the release rates increased as the amount of liquid lipid in lipid core increased. Finally, Precirol NLC with 50% Miglyol® 812 and its corresponding SLN were incorporated in hydrogels. The gels showed adequate pH, non-Newtonian flow with shear-thinning behavior and controlled release profiles. The biological evaluation revealed that MLX-loaded NLC gel showed more pronounced effect compared to MLX-loaded SLN gel.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid nanoparticles represent promising particulate carriers for topical application.     

微针在儿童经皮递药中的研究进展

与传统的口服和肠外给药途径相比,经皮给药系统作为一种非侵入性替代方法非常有吸引力.特别对于儿童患者,它有助于克服该群体特有的问题,如吞咽困难、口服制剂的适口性以及与针头相关的恐惧和疼痛.然而,儿童的皮肤屏障功能有效地限制了药物的经皮吸收.微针可突破皮肤最外层的角质层,增加经皮给药的药量.过去几十年,以微针为基础药物输送...     

Skin permeation of buprenorphine and its ester prodrugs from lipid nanoparticles: lipid emulsion,nanostructured lipid carriers and solid lipid nanoparticles

The aim of this study was to develop and characterize lipid nanoparticle systems for the transdermal delivery of buprenorphine and its prodrugs. A panel of three buprenorphine prodrugs with ester chains of various lengths was synthesized and characterized by solubility, capacity factor (log K′), partitioning between lipids and water and the ability to penetrate nude mouse skin. Colloidal systems made of squalene (lipid emulsion, LE), squalene + Precirol (nanostructured lipid carriers, NLC) and Precirol (solid lipid nanoparticles, SLN) as the lipid core material were prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the SLN had a more-ordered crystalline lattice in the inner matrix compared to the NLC. The particle size ranged from 220–300 nm, with NLC showing the smallest size. All prodrugs were highly lipophilic and chemically stable, but enzymatically unstable in skin homogenate and plasma. The in vitro permeation results exhibited a lower skin delivery of drug/prodrug with an increase in the alkyl chain length. SLN produced the highest drug/prodrug permeation, followed by the NLC and LE. A small inter-subject variation was also observed with SLN carriers. SLN with soybean phosphatidylcholine (SLN-PC) as the lipophilic emulsifier showed a higher drug/prodrug delivery across the skin compared to SLN with Myverol, a palmitinic acid monoglyceride. The in vitro permeation of the prodrugs occurred in a sustained manner for SLN-PC. The skin permeation of buprenorphine could be adjusted within a wide range by combining a prodrug strategy and lipid nanoparticles.