CARD15/NOD2基因多态性与克罗恩病发病的荟萃分析

克罗恩病（CD）是一种具有遗传背景的多因素疾病。位于第16号染色体上的CARD15／NOD2基因被确定为克罗恩病的易感基因，该基因是参与细胞凋亡调控的Apaf21／PCed4超家族成员之一，主要在单核巨噬细胞内表达。有研究证明，CARD15／NOD2基因上三个多态位点（R702W、G908R、3020sinC）与克罗恩病发病相关。为综合评价CARD15／NOD2基因序列单核苷酸多态性同克罗恩病发病的相关性，我们用荟萃分析方法对二者的关系进行综合定量再分析，探讨CARD15／NOD2基因多态性与克罗恩病发病的关系。     

P268S突变型NOD2/CARD15真核表达载体的构建及其体外表达

背景：NOD2/CARD15基因序列单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与欧美人群的克罗恩病（CD）明显相关．其中R702W、G908R和3020insC3个SNP位点与CD的相关性尤为显著。而13本、韩国以及我国香港和浙江地区的研究均未发现上述3个SNP的改变，但最近研究发现了可能与中国人CD相关的P268S突变。目的：构建P268S突变型NOD2／CARD15真核表达载体和体外转染体系，为研究突变型NOD2／CARD15的功能提供实验基础。方法：应用定点诱变技术构建P268S突变型NOD2／CARD15真核表达载体，以阳离子脂质体介导体外转染技术瞬时转染人胚肾细胞HEK293T．以蛋白质印迹法和逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测HEK293T细胞NOD2／CARD15的表达。结果：经克隆、酶切、测序证实获得P268S突变型NOD2／CARD15基因，突变载体转入HEK293T细胞后，NOD2／CARD15有效表达。结论：成功构建了P268S突变型NOD2／CARD15真核表达载体，阳离子脂质体是人胚肾细胞有效的体外转染体系。     

NOD2/CARD15基因多态性与炎症性肠病遗传易感性关系分析

目的 研究NOD2/CARD15基因与我国汉族人群炎症性肠病遗传易感性的关系.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物方法对45例克罗恩病NOD2/CARD15基因野生型和C2104T(4外显子处)、G2722C(8外显子处)和3020insC(11外显子处)三个主要碱基突变进行基因分型并测序.另对60例溃疡性结肠炎患者、50名健康献血者、2例克罗恩病患者的21名家系成员、3例溃疡性结肠炎患者的31名家系成员也进行了NOD2/CARD15基因多态性分析.结果 全部被调查人群中均未发现有NOD2/CARD15基因突变者,均携带野生型NOD2/CARD15基因.结论 在西方国家中与克罗恩病显著相关的NOD2/CARD15基因突变与我国汉族炎症性肠病人群无明显相关性,该基因可能不是我国汉族炎症性肠病人群的致病基因.     

克罗恩病相关基因的研究进展

克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)是一种由多个基因共同参与的胃肠道慢性炎性肉芽肿性疾病。本文对近年来CD的相关基因NOD2/CARD15、ATG16L1、IRGM、IL-23/TH17信号通路、PTGER4、IBD5基因位点、PTPN2的研究进展进行总结。通过检索PUBMED及CNKI数据库,以"克罗恩病、相关的基因、发病机制"为关键词,以CD的相关的基因和其致病机制、相关基因在CD中的作用及临床意义、CD相关基因位点临床治疗效果为纳入标准,检索了2000年1月至2017年8月的相关文献。发现NOD2/CARD15、ATG16L1、IRGM、IL-23/TH17信号通路、PTGER4、IBD5基因位点、PTPN2等基因与CD的遗传易感性密切相关。这些基因与CD的临床表现、治疗效果和患者生存率等相关,为CD今后发病机制的研究,及相关基因靶向的治疗奠定了理论基础。     

NOD2/CARD15基因多态性与克罗恩病患者相关性研究

目的NOD2/CARD15基因是人类的第一个克罗恩病(CD)易感基因,其间的3个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与白种人CD有显著性相关,但与日本人无关。本研究旨在证实这3个SNPs是否与浙江地区人群的CD易感性有关。方法血样来自浙江地区32例CD患者,110例溃疡性结肠炎患者及292例健康对照者。通过PCRSSP方法直接检测野生型及NOD2/CARD15基因的3个多态性(Arg702Trp,Gly908Arg,Leu1007fsinsC)。结果没有发现1例CD患者纯合子或杂合子的SNPs突变,同样在溃疡性结肠炎患者和健康人中也未能检测到。结论本研究表明一些存在于特定人群的CD易感基因可能在其他人群中不存在,白种人CD患者相关的易感基因NOD2/CARD15常见的3个SNPs与浙江地区CD人群无关。     

CD第一个易感基因NOD 2及其与CD易感性的研究进展

目前认为克罗恩氏病(Crohn’s disesase,CD)是遗传易感者受环境因素作用而发病的,其发病符合多基因病的遗传规律,其遗传易感性主要表现在家族聚集现象及双胞胎共患CD上。近年来,随着人类基因组计划的进展和多基因病研究及统计学方法的发展,已发现了人类CD的第一个易感基因——NOD 2基因,现命名为CARD 15基因。本文就NOD 2基因及其与CD易感性的研究进展进行综述。     

NOD2/CARD15基因突变与中国人克罗恩病相关性的研究

背景：近年多项研究证明NOD2／CARD15基因序列的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与西方白种人克罗恩病（CD）明显相关．其中3个SNP（R702W、G908R和3020ins C）与CD的相关性尤为显著。目的：探讨NOD2／CARD15基因SNP与中国人CD发病的相关性及其与CD临床特点的关系。方法：选取临床资料完整的CD患者48例、溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者和健康对照者各50例，提取人血白细胞基因组DNA，经聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增NOD2基因全部12对外显子，纯化后直接测序，根据结果分析其突变与CD病变特点的关系。结果：CD组、UC组和健康对照组均未检出3个西方人常见的NOD2／CARD15基因多态性位点。CD组的P268S突变率显著高于UC组和健康对照组（P〈0．05）。5例P268S突变的CD患者病变均位于回肠（P〈0．01），4例发病年龄≤20岁（P〈0．01），且均并发肠腔狭窄（P〈0．01）。结论：中国人CD患者中存在NOD2／CARD15基因P268S突变，且与患者的发病年龄、病变部位和并发症相关，有必要对其功能作进一步探讨。     

NOD2／CARD15在克罗恩病发生发展中的作用

NOD2／CARD15是迄今为止发现的第一个克罗恩病（Crohn’s disease，CD）的易感基因。目前研究最为广泛的NOD2的三种主要变异为：R702W、G908R及L1007fs。其中以L1007fs与CD相关性最强，它通过干扰NF—κB途径参与CD的发生发展。NOD2变异还与CD的各种表型相关，包括发病年龄、病变部位、病情严重程度、纤维狭窄病变、手术时期、手术风险等。NOD2与CD的相关性在不同地区、不同人种之间亦存在着显著差异。通过对NOD2的研究将更好地揭示CD的发病机制及治疗方向。     

CD第一个易感基因NOD2及其与CD易感性的研究进展

目前认为克罗恩病(CD)是遗传易感者受环境因素作用而发病,其发病符合多基因病的遗传规律[1],其遗传易感性主要表现在家族聚集现象及双胞胎共患率上[2].近年来,随着人类基因组计划的进展和多基因病研究及统计学方法的发展,已发现了人类CD的第一个易感基因-NOD2基因,现命名为CARD15基因,本文就NOD2基因及其与CD易感性的研究进展作一综述.     

NOD2基因P268S突变是中国人克罗恩病的易感基因吗?

本期龙靖华等作者发表的论文，采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增NOD2／CARD15基因12对外显子．纯化后直接测序的方法，研究了我国广东地区48例克罗恩病（CD）患者、50例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者和50名健康对照者NOD2基因突变与炎症性肠病（IBD）的相关性，结果发现了一个有意义的现象。CD组NOD2P268S突变率显著高于UC组和健康对照组．且与CD患者的发病年龄、     

炎症性肠病发病机制的研究进展

对炎症性肠病（IBD）的研究已有多年,但其确切病因尚不清楚.近年来,有关IBD发病机制方面的研究更新了一些观点.2001年发现了第一个克罗恩病（CD）易感基因CARD15/NOD2,从而使对IBD发病机制的研究集中在遗传学方面[1].     

Association between polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 4, CD14, and CARD15／NOD2 and inflammatory bowel disease in the Greek population

AIM: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (DC) are multifactorial diseases with a significant genetic background. Apart from CARD15/NOD2 gene, evidence is accumulating that molecules related to the innate immune response such as CD14 or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are involved in their pathogenesis. In further exploring the genetic background of these diseases, we investigated the variations in the CARD15/NOD2 gene (Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC), and polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) as well as in the promoter of the CD14 gene (T/C at position -159) in Greek patients with CD and UC. METHODS: DNA was obtained from 120 patients with CD, 85 with UC and 100 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by allele specific PCR or by PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS: The 299Gly allele frequency of the TLR4 gene and the T allele and TT genotype frequencies of the CD14 promoter were significantly higher in CD patients only compared to healthy individuals (P= 0.026<0.05; P= 0.0048<0.01 and P= 0.047<0.05 respectively). Concerning the NOD2/CARD15 mutations the overall presence in CD patients was significantly higher than that: in UC patients or in controls. Additionally, 51.67% of the CD patients were carriers of a TLR4 and/or CD14 polymorphic allele and at least one variant of the NOD2/CARD15, compared to 27% of the UC patients. It should be pointed out that both frequencies significantly increased as compared with the 10% frequency of multiple carriers found in healthy controls. A possible interaction of the NOD2/CARD15 with TLR4 and especially CD14, increased the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that co-existence of a mutation in either the TLR4 or CD14 gene, and in NOD2/CARD15 is associated with an increased susceptibility to developing CD compared to UC, and to developing either CD or UC compared to healthy individuals.     

浙江地区炎症性肠病136例危险因素及其基因多态性分析

目的研究浙江地区住院治疗的炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的可能危险因素及NOD2/CARD15基因3个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与IBD的相关性。方法通过问卷调查对2005年1月至2008年12月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院、浙江省金华市中心医院、宁波李惠利医院及台州地区医院136例IBD患者和等量健康对照者进行病例对照研究,对结果进行COX回归分析;采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)法对60例无血缘关系的IBD患者及60例健康对照者NOD2/CARD15基因Arg702Trp、Gly908Arg和Leu1007fsinsC多态性进行分析。结果 IBD平均发病年龄42.6岁,男性稍多于女性。牛奶、油炸食品和精神因素在IBD致病因素中具有统计学意义。IBD患者和健康对照者均未检测出纯合子和杂合子的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)突变。结论牛奶、油炸食品和精神紧张可能是浙江地区IBD潜在的危险因素,白种人克罗恩病(CD)患者相关易感基因NOD2/CARD15常见的3个SNPs与浙江地区IBD患者无关。     

NOD2/CARD15基因突变与克罗恩病的相关性研究进展

克罗恩病(CD)是炎症性肠病(IBD)的一种，其病因及发病机制仍不明确，大量证据表明是由遗传因素、环境因素自身免疫紊乱三者相互作用的结果，其中遗传易感因素在CD发病机制中起重要作用。其遗传易感性主要表现为家族聚集现象、单卵双生共患率及不同人群发病率、流行率差异较大。自2001年发病并证实人类CD第一个易感基因NOD2／CARD15以来，关于该基因突变与CD相关性研究已成为IBD研究领域的热点，本文就其研究进展作一综述。     

Prediction of Crohn’s disease aggression through NOD2/CARD15 gene sequencing in an Australian cohort

AIM:To investigate the association between mutations in oligomerisation domain 2/caspase recruitment domains 15(NOD2/CARD15)and the natural history of Crohn’s disease(CD)to identify patients who would benefit from early aggressive medical intervention.METHODS:We recruited thirty consecutive unrelated CD patients with a history of ileo-caecal or small bowel resection during the period 1980-2000;Fifteen patients of these had post-operative relapse that required further surgery and fifteen did not.Full sequencing of the NOD2/CARD15 gene using dHPLC for exons 3,5,7,10 and 12 and direct sequencing for exons 2,4,6,8,9 and 11 was conducted.CD patients categorized as carrying variants were anyone with at least 1 variant of the NOD2/CARD15 gene.RESULTS:About 13.3%of the cohort(four patients)carried at least one mutant allele of 3020ins C of the NOD2/CARD15 gene.There were 20 males and 10females with a mean age of 43.3 years(range 25-69years).The mean follow up was 199.6 mo and a median of 189.5 mo.Sixteen sequence variations within the NOD2/CARD15 gene were identified,with 9 of them occurring with an allele frequency of greater than 10%.In this study,there was a trend to suggest that patients with the 3020ins C mutation have a higher frequency of operations compared to those without the mutation.Patients with the 3020insC mutation had a significantly shorter time between the diagnosis of CD and initial surgery.This study included Australian patients of ethnically heterogenous background unlike previous studies conducted in different countries.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that patients carrying NOD2/CARD15 mutations follow a rapid and more aggressive form of Crohn’s disease showing a trend for multiple surgical interventions and significantly shorter time to early surgery.     

Toll-like receptor 4 and NOD2／CARD15 mutations in Hungarian patients with Crohn＇s disease： Phenotype-genotype correlations

AIM: To determine common NOD2/CARD15 mutations and TLR4 D299G polymorphism in Hungarian patients with CD. METHODS: A total of 527 unrelated patients with CD (male/female: 265/262, age: 37.1 (SD 7.6) years) and 200 healthy subjects were included. DNA was screened for possible NOD2/CARD15 mutations by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (confirmed by direct sequencing). TLR4 D299G was tested by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: NOD2/CARD15 mutations were found in 185 patients (35.1%) and in 33 controls (16.5%,P<0.0001). SNP8/R702W (10.8% vs 6%, P= 0.02), SNP13/3020insC (19.4% vs 5%, P<0.0001) and exon4 R703C (2.1% vs 0%, P= 0.02) mutations were more frequent in CD, while the frequency of SNP12/G908R was not increased. The frequency of TLR4 D299G was not different (CD: 9.9% vs controls: 12.0%). Variant NOD2/CARD15 allele was associated with an increased risk for CD (ORhet=1.71, 95%CI=1.12-2.6, P= 0.0001, ORtwo-risk alleles = 25.2, 95%CI =4.37- ,P<0.0001), early disease onset (carrier: 26.4 years vs non-carrier: 29.8 years, P=0.0006), ileal disease (81.9% (?) 69.5%, OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.29-3.08, P= 0.02, presence of NOD2/CARD15 and TLR4: 86.7% vs 64.8%), stricturing behavior (OR = 1.69,95%CI = 1.13-2.55, P= 0.026) and increased need for resection (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.13-2.62, P= 0.01), but not with duration, extra-intestinal manifestations, familial disease or smoking. TLR4 exhibited a modifier effect: age of onset in wt/TLR4 D299G carriers: 27.4 years vs NOD2mut/TLR D299G: 23 years (P = 0.06), in NOD2mut/wt: 26.7 years. CONCLUSION: These results confirm that variant NOD2/ CARD15 (R702W, R703C and 3020insC) alleles are associated with earlier disease onset, ileal disease, stricturing disease behavior in Hungarian CD patients. In contrast, although the frequency of TLR4 D299G polymorphism was not different from controls, NOD2/TLR4 mutation carriers tended to present at earlier age.     

NOD2/CARD15 , ATG16L1 and IL23R gene polymorphisms and childhood-onset of Crohn’s disease

AIM: To assess whether the polymorphisms of NOD2/ CARD15 , autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1 ), and interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R ) genes play a more critical role in the susceptibility of childhood-onset than in adult-onset Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: Polymorphisms R702W, G908R, and 3020insC of NOD2/CARD15 ; rs2241880 A/G of ATG16L1 , and rs11209026 (R381Q) of IL23R gene were assessed in 110 childhood-onset CD, 364 adult-onset CD, and 539 healthy individuals. Analysis of polymorphisms R702W, G908R, ...     

NOD2/CARD15基因R702W、G908R及L1007fs多态性与广西壮族人群炎症性肠病的相关性

目的:探讨我国广西壮族人群NOD2/CARD15基因R702W、G908R及L1007fs的遗传多态性与炎症性肠病的相关性.方法:分别收集2007-02/2010-10在广西地区无亲缘关系的壮族(n=70)和汉族(n=76)IBD患者及壮族(n=80)和汉族(n=84)正常对照者的肠黏膜组织.采用酚氯仿法提取各组织样本DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法对NOD2/CARD15基因R702W、G908R及L1007fs进行检测,统计基因型及等位基因频率,分析上述3个多态性位点与广西壮族人群炎症性肠病的相关性.结果:广西壮族和汉族IBD患者与正常对照者均未发现NOD2/CARD15基因R702W、G908R及L1007fs突变型基因型,所有多态性位点上的基因型全部为野生型纯合子,其基因型频率和等位基因频率分布在IBD患者和正常对照者中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:NOD2/CARD15基因R702W、G908R及L1007fs多态性与广西壮族人群炎症性肠病无明显相关性.     

IBD5 polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease： Association with response to infliximab

AIM: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are multifactorial pathologies of unknown etiology. One susceptibility locus, IBD5, has been mapped to chromosome 5q31. We analyzed our Spanish cohorts of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (DC) patients to determine whether this locus is associated with IBD, and to ascertain the main clinical phenotype influenced by this risk factor. The kind of interaction, either genetic heterogeneity or epistasis, between this IBD5 susceptibility region and the NOD2/CARD15 gene mutations was studied as well. Finally, we assessed whether this locus can predict response to infliximab therapy. METHODS: A case control study was performed with 274 CD and 211 UC patients recruited from a single center and 511 healthy ethnically matched controls. Two polymorphisms were genotyped in the IBD5 locus and three in the CARD15/NOD2 gene. RESULTS: Our results evidence association only with CD especially with the fistulizing phenotype and in the absence of NOD2/CARD15 variants (mutant allele frequency in patients vs controls: OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.35-3.06, P<0.01). The frequency of the IBD5 homozygous mutant genotype significantly increased in CD patients lacking response to infliximab (RR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.18-12.0, P<0.05). UC patients overall do not show association with 5q31 polymorphisms, although a similar trend to the one observed in CD is found within the worse prognosis group. CONCLUSION: The IBD5 variants may enhance an individual carrier's risk for CD, mainly in the absence of the NOD2/CARD15 mutations and in fistulizing patients. The data presented suggest the potential role of the 5q31 polymorphisms as markers of response to infliximab.     

Polymorphisms in interleukin-10 gene according to mutations of NOD2/CARD15 gene and relation to phenotype in Spanish patients with Crohn＇s disease

AIM:To examine the contribution of interleukin-10(IL-10)gene polymorphisms to Crohn's disease(CD)phenotype,and the possible genetic epistasis betweenIL-10 gene polymorphisms and CARD15/NOD2 genemutations.METHODS:A cohort of 205 Spanish unrelated patientswith Crohn's disease recruited from a single centerwas studied.All patients were rigorously phenotypedand followed-up for at least 3 years(mean time,12.5years).The clinical phenotype was established prior togenotyping.RESULTS:The correlat on of genotype-Viennaclassification groups showed that the ileocolonic locationwas significantly associated with the-1082G allele in theNOD2/CARD15 mutation-positive patients(RR=1.52,95%CI,1.21 to 1.91,P=0.008).The multivariate analysisdemonstrated that the IL-10 G14 microsatellite allelein the NOD2/CARD15 mutation positive patients wasassociated with two risk factors,history of appendectomy(RR=2.15,95%CI=1.1-4.30,P=0.001)and smokinghabit at diagnosis(RR=1.29,95%CI=1.04-4.3,P=0.04).CONCLUSION:In Spanish population from Madrid,inCD patients carrying at least one NOD2/CARD15 mutation,the-1082G allele is associated with ileocolonic disease and the IL-10G14 microsatellite allele is associated withprevious history of appendectomy and smoking habit atdiagnosis.These data provide further molecular evidencefor a genetic basis of the clinical heterogeneity of CD.