丝裂霉素C加透明质酸酶膀胱灌注预防膀胱癌复发的疗效观察

 目的观察丝裂霉素C加透明质酸酶膀胱内灌注预防膀胱癌复发的疗效。方法88例膀胱癌患者随机分为两组丝裂霉素C加透明质酸酶组46例,在肿瘤切除术后应用丝裂霉素C20mg加透明质酸酶3000U定期膀胱内灌注。对照组42例,术后单纯应用丝裂霉素C20mg定期膀胱内灌注。观察两组肿瘤复发情况。结果经随访12～36个月,平均24.5个月,丝裂霉素C加透明质酸酶组肿瘤复发率为10.9%,单纯丝裂霉素C组肿瘤复发率为31.0%,两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论丝裂霉素C加透明质酸酶膀胱内灌注能更有效地预防膀胱癌的术后复发。     

吡柔比星和丝裂霉素C膀胱灌注预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发的临床研究

目的评价吡柔比星(THP)、丝裂霉素C(MMC)40mg、丝裂霉素C 10mg膀胱灌注预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发的疗效和安全性.方法将近期收治的86例膀胱肿瘤术后患者分为3组,分别接受THP、MMC治疗,随访12～20个月.结果THP组26例,复发2例,复发率7.7%;MMC组26例,复发3例,复发率11.5%;MMC组31例,复发11例,复发率35.5%.THP组与MMC组相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而THP组和40mg MMC组与MMC组相比则差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论吡柔比星和丝裂霉素C40 mg 膀胱灌注预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发效果满意,优于丝裂霉素C 10mg膀胱灌注.     

鸦胆子和丝裂霉素及卡介苗膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的前瞻性临床研究

目的:评价鸦胆子油乳、丝裂霉素和卡介苗3种药物行膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效和安全性.方法:2000-06-2006-05符合入选标准的178例浅表性膀胱癌(Ta-1,G1-2)患者随机分为鸦胆子油乳灌注组(A组,10%鸦胆子油乳60 mL/次)、丝裂霉素灌注组(B组,20 mg/次)和卡介苗灌注组(C组,120 mg/次),术后1周开始定期灌注,共18次.行前瞻性、随机对照临床研究,密切随访2年,观察患者肿瘤复发情况及不良反应.结果:A、B、C组患者术后2年肿瘤复发率分别为14.04%(8/57)、34.85%(23/66)和18.18%(10/55),A组肿瘤复发率明显低于B组(x2=6.17,P＜0.05);A组患者的无病间期与B组差异有统计学意义,F=7.03,P＜0.05.A、B、C三组不良反应发生率分别为12.28%(7/57)、43.94%(29/66)和83.64%(46/55),A组患者不良反应发生率显著低于B、C两组(xAB=15.72,P＜0.01;x2AC=55.34,P＜0.01).结论:鸦胆子油乳膀胱灌注对预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发有良好疗效,不良反应发生率低,是一种值得推广的治疗方法.     

吡柔比星与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的探讨吡柔比星与丝裂霉素膀胱灌注化疗预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床疗效。方法选取2008年1月至2010年1月收治的126例浅表性膀胱癌术后定期行膀胱内灌注化疗的患者为研究对象,将其随机分为两组,吡柔比星组(A组)63例,采用吡柔比星行膀胱内灌注,丝裂霉素组(B组)63例,采用丝裂霉素行膀胱内灌注,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果两组患者的肿瘤复发情况,随访1年时,A组的复发率为3.2%,B组的复发率为11.1%;随访2年时,A组复发率为6.4%,B组的复发率为19.1%。两组间肿瘤复发情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者的不良反应发生率为7.9%,B组的不良反应发生率为20.6%,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论吡柔比星膀胱灌注化疗预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效及安全性明显优于丝裂霉素,值得临床推广应用。     

BCG联合IL-2预防表浅性膀胱癌术后复发

为探讨卡介苗(BCG)+白细胞介素～2(IL-2)膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的临床效果.将56例浅表性膀胱癌局部手术后随机分成两组:A组30例BCG 120 mg+IL-2 20万U膀胱灌注;B组27例,丝裂霉素C(MMC)30 mg膀胱灌注.结果56例随访12～39个月,平均23.2个月.A组复发l例,B组4例复发,两组肿瘤复发率差别有显著性(P＜0.05).结论BCG联合IL-2预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效较好,副反应少,临床使用安全可靠.研究结果提示,BCG具有明显的免疫激活及抗肿瘤作用.IL-2可直接激活免疫效应细胞产生抗肿瘤作用.     

卡介苗与丝裂霉素联合膀胱灌注预防膀胱肿瘤复发的疗效分析

报道用卡介苗（BCG）与丝裂霉素（MMC）联合膀胱内灌注46例，与单纯用BCG灌注35例和单纯用MMC灌注37例进行比较，3组随访时间为12-108个月，BCG-MMC组随访41例，1年复发率为4.9%。无瘤生存率为95.1%；5年复发率为26.8%，无瘤生存率73.2%。单纯BCG组随访31例，1年复发率9.7%，无瘤生存率90.3%；5年复发率为32.8%，无瘤生存率67.7%；单纯MMC组随访33例，1年复发率15.1%，无瘤生存率84.3%;5年复发率45.5%;无瘤生存率54.5%；结果表明BCG-MMC组疗效高于单纯BCG或MMC组，不但用药量小，而且副作用少，临床认为BCG-MMC组联合用药对预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发是比较理想的方案之一。     

吡柔比星与卡介苗世丝裂霉素膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌的疗效对比观察

目的评价吡柔比星(THP)、卡介苗(BCG)、丝裂霉素(MMC)三种药物膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌的不同疗效。方法将200例浅表性膀胱癌随机分为3组,分别用THP、BCG、MMC作膀胱灌注治疗药物,观察其不同疗效。结果所有病例随访3～24个月,平均14个月。THP组复发6(6/72)例,BCG组复发6(6/68)例,MMC组复发10(10/60)例。结论吡柔比星疗效与卡介苗相似,稍优于卡介苗。卡介苗疗效优于丝裂霉素。丝裂霉素耐受性最好。吡柔比星不良反应小,耐受性好,可作为临床一线用药。     

卡介苗与丝裂霉素联合膀胱灌注预防膀胱肿瘤复发的疗效分析

报道用卡介苗 (BCG)与丝裂霉素 (MMC)联合膀胱内灌注 46例 ,与单纯用BCG灌注 3 5例和单纯用MMC灌注3 7例进行比较 ,3组随访时间为 12～ 10 8个月。BCG MMC组随访 41例 ,1年复发率为 4 9% ,无瘤生存率为 95 1% ;5年复发率为 2 6 8% ,无瘤生存率 73 2 %。单纯BCG组随访 3 1例 ,1年复发率 9 7% ,无瘤生存率 90 3 % ;5年复发率为3 2 8% ,无瘤生存率 67 7% ;单纯MMC组随访 3 3例 ,1年复发率 15 1% ,无瘤生存率 84 3 % ;5年复发率 45 5 % ;无瘤生存率 5 4 5 %。结果表明BCG MMC组疗效高于单纯BCG或MMC组 ,不但用药量小 ,而且副作用少。临床认为BCG MMC组联合用药对预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发是比较理想的方案之一     

丝裂霉素C膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效观察

目的观察丝裂霉素C行膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效。方法对58例浅表性膀胱癌患者于手术前、后给予膀胱灌注丝裂霉素C治疗,术后随访36个月。结果 58例浅表性膀胱癌患者中有53例获36个月的随访,其中9例复发,复发率17.0%。结论对于浅表性膀胱癌,于手术前、后给予丝裂霉素C膀胱灌注能够预防其复发。     

吡柔比星与卡介苗世丝裂霉素膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌的疗效对比观察

目的：评价吡柔比星(THP)、卡介苗(BCG)、丝裂霉素(MMC)三种药物膀胱灌注治疗浅表性膀胱癌的不同疗效。方法：将200例浅表性膀胱癌随机分为3组．分别用THP、BCG、MMC作膀胱灌注治疗药物，观察其不同疗效。结果：所有病例随访3～24个月，平均14个月。THP组复发6(6／72)例，BCG组复发6(6／68)例，MMC组复发10(10／60)例。结论：吡柔比星疗效与卡介苗相似，稍优于卡介苗。卡介苗疗效优于丝裂霉素。丝裂霉素耐受性最好。吡柔比星不良反应小，耐受性好，可作为临床一线用药。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.