三种前列腺素类药物降眼压效果比较

目的比较拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素和贝美前列素三种前列腺素类药物的降眼压效果。方法选取原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症患者,拉坦前列素组51例(51眼),曲伏前列素组24例(24眼),贝美前列素组27例(27眼),分别使用相应滴眼液,均为每日1次,共观察4周,测量用药前后的眼压值。结果三组患者用药4周后眼压均有明显下降,拉坦前列素组在8:30测得平均眼压从(24.57±3.68)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(15.29±2.67)mmHg,下降幅度(用药前后眼压差值/用药前眼压值)为37.8%;曲伏前列素组从(24.54±2.95)mmHg降至(16.29±3.11)mmHg,下降幅度为33.6%;贝美前列素组从(25.41±3.63)mmHg降至(16.00±4.45)mmHg,下降幅度为37.0%。用药前及用药后三组间眼压值比较,差异均无显著性(分别为F=0.579、P=0.562;F=0.868、P=0.423)。结论拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素、贝美前列素滴眼液对于原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症患者都有明显、持久的降眼压作用,且降眼压作用相互间没有明显差异。     

三种前列腺素类滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼的降眼压效果比较

目的 比较拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素及贝美前列素3种前列腺素类滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼患者4周后的24h降眼压效果。方法 病例对照研究。选取2009年1月至6月门诊就诊的原发性开角型青光眼患者63例（63只眼）。其中拉坦前列素组21例（21只眼）,曲伏前列素组22例（22只眼）,贝美前列素组20例（20只眼）,分别使用相应的滴眼液,均为每日滴药1次,共观察4周,测量用药前后的24h眼压曲线。3组间用药前或用药后24h不同时间点眼压值比较采用两因素重复测量的方差分析,眼压波动幅度比较采用单因素方差分析。结果 3组患者用药4周后眼压均明显下降,拉坦前列素组眼压从(18.9±2.1)mm Hg（1mm Hg =0.133 kPa）降至(15.3±2.7)mm Hg,下降幅度（用药前后眼压差值/用药前眼压值）为19.0％;曲伏前列素组眼压从(19.1±3.1)mm Hg降至(15.3 ±2.1)mm Hg,下降幅度为19.4％;贝美前列素组眼压从(18.6±1.9) mm Hg降至(14.9±1.9)mm Hg,下降幅度为19.9％。波幅下降幅度（用药前后波幅差值/用药前波幅值）,拉坦前列素组为31.0％,曲伏前列素组为31.1％,贝美前列素组为31.9％。用药前及用药后3组间眼压值随时间点变化差异均无统计学意义(F= 1.501,P=0.110),3组间用药后眼压波幅下降幅度差异无统计学意义(F =0.286,P=0.752)。结论 拉坦前列素、曲伏前列素、贝美前列素3种滴眼液对原发性开角型青光眼的昼夜降眼压效果显著且无明显差别。     

四种前列腺素类药物的降眼压疗效和耐受性对比研究

目的　探讨四种前列腺素类药物治疗原发性开角型青光眼（primary open-angle glaucoma，POAG）的疗效和耐受性差异。方法　采用随机平行试验，64例(128眼)POAG患者随机分成4组，分别使用贝美前列素(贝美前列素组)、拉坦前列素（拉坦前列素组）、曲伏前列素（曲伏前列素组）和他氟前列素（他氟前列素组）滴眼液治疗，观察并比较4组患者用药前和用药后1个月、3个月和6个月的眼压、眼部检查和眼表疾病指数（ocular surface disease index，OSDI）评分。结果　贝美前列素组用药前眼压为（26.1±6.2）mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg），用药后1个月、3个月和6个月眼压分别为（17.1±3.4）mmHg、（15.6±4.2）mmHg、（15.5±2.9）mmHg，与用药前比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=17.408、13.016、12.352，均为P＜0.001）。拉坦前列素组用药前眼压为（24.7±2.4）mmHg，用药后1个月、3个月和6个月眼压分别为（16.3±3.0）mmHg、（17.0±3.8）mmHg、（17.4±2.6）mmHg，与用药前比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=12.238、13.365、16.140，均为P＜0.001）。曲伏前列素组用药前眼压为（24.4±1.9）mmHg，用药后1个月、3个月和6个月眼压分别为（16.3±2.0）mmHg、（17.4±1.3）mmHg、（14.9±1.1）mmHg，与用药前比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=12.109、14.451、11.732，均为P＜0.001）。他氟前列素组用药前眼压为（25.2±2.3）mmHg，用药后1个月、3个月和6个月眼压分别为（17.2±3.1）mmHg、（17.0±2.1）mmHg、（18.1±2.4）mmHg，与用药前比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=10.540、16.129、14.006，均为P＜0.001）。拉坦前列素组患者睫毛增长和虹膜变色的发生率最高，4组患者的结膜充血和角膜炎的发生率相似。用药6个月后患者的OSDI评分贝美前列素组（21.8±11.1）分、拉坦前列素组（32.1±24.1）分、曲伏前列素组（10.7±5.7）分、他氟前列素组（25.6±6.3）分，曲伏前列素组患者的OSDI评分显著低于其他3组，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。结论　四种前列腺素类药物均能显著降低POAG患者眼压，曲伏前列素耐受性较好，拉坦前列素的耐受性最差。     

拉坦前列素对闭角型青光眼眼压和角膜中央厚度及内皮细胞密度的影响

目的:探讨拉坦前列素对闭角型青光眼患者眼压和角膜厚度及角膜内皮细胞密度的影响。方法:选取60例60眼原发闭角型青光眼患者住院行患眼小梁切除术期间,对对侧眼进行研究,30眼应用拉坦前列素滴眼1次/d,30眼用透明质酸钠滴眼1次/d作为对照,用药前测定眼压、角膜厚度和内皮细胞密度,用药后4wk内每周测定眼压、角膜厚度和上皮细胞密度。结果:用药4wk后,拉坦前列素组眼压显著降低(P<0.05),拉坦前列素与透明质酸钠对角膜厚度平均值变化统计学无显著性差异,对角膜内皮细胞密度无影响。结论:拉坦前列素显著降低眼压,且对角膜厚度及内皮细胞数无影响。     

曲伏前列素滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症

目的：研究曲伏前列素滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症的降眼压效果及安全性。方法：随机选取2013-03/2016-03我院收治的原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症患者80例80眼,依据不同治疗方法分为两组：曲伏前列素滴眼液组( n=40)和拉坦前列素滴眼液组(n=40),对两组患者的临床疗效、视力、散光度、眼压及不良反应发生情况进行统计分析。结果：曲伏前列素滴眼液组患者治疗的总有效率95%(38/40)显著高于拉坦前列素滴眼液组80%(32/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。曲伏前列素滴眼液组患者治疗后视力显著高于拉坦前列素滴眼液组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),散光度、眼压均显著低于拉坦前列素滴眼液组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不良反应发生率25%(10/40)显著低于拉坦前列素滴眼液组53%(21/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：曲伏前列素滴眼液治疗原发性开角型青光眼和高眼压症比拉坦前列素滴眼液具有较好的降眼压效果及较高的安全性。     

前列腺素类药物对角膜中央厚度的影响

目的 观察局部使用前列腺素类药物后中央角膜厚度的改变.方法 回顾性病例临床对照研究.对2009年1～12月在潍坊医学院临床学院眼科就诊的40例70只眼原发性开角型青光眼病人,随机分为两组,其中前列腺素组21例36只眼,噻吗心安组19例34只眼,在用药前分别测量两组的中央角膜厚度,随后按照给定的方法用药,用药随访时间为8周±7d,用药后再测量中央角膜厚度.采用配对资料的t检验进行统计分析.结果 用药前拉坦前列腺素组病人中央角膜厚度平均为(0.545±0.035)mm,曲伏前列腺素组为(0.544±0.026)mm,噻吗心安组为(0.536±0.045)mm,前列腺素组与噻吗心安组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);用药后拉坦前列腺素组平均中央角膜厚度为(0.496±0.034)mm,曲伏前列腺素组为(0.502±0.030)mm,较用药前中央角膜厚度明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),用药后噻吗心安组中央角膜厚度为(0.542±0.036)mm,较用药前相比变化不大,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 局部使用前列腺素类药物后可以改变角膜基质细胞的细胞外基质,使中央角膜厚度变薄,其主要是通过调节基质金属蛋白酶来实现的.在临床实践中,局部使用前列腺素类药物治疗时,角膜变薄会造成用压平眼压计测量时低估眼压水平.

Abstract：

Objective To determine ifglaucoma treatment with topically administered prostamide or prostaglandin analogs could change central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods Of 40 patients (70 eyes) were divided into two groups, 21 patients (36 eyes) treated with prostamide, 19 patients (34 eyes) with timolol. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachometry. The data of glaucomatous patients who had their CCT measured before and after monotherapy treatment were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up time was 8 weeks ± 7 days.Paired test was used for statistical analysis. Results Initial mean± SD CCT was (0.544± 0.035 )mm. After 8 weeks± 7 days, mean± SD CCT was (0.539± 0.036 )mm. This reduction on CCT was statistically significant (P ＜0.001). Conclusions Central corneal thickness measured by means of ultrasound pachometry decreases during treatment with topically administered prostamide or prostaglandin analogs.     

VisuMax飞秒激光制作角膜瓣的预测性及其影响因素

目的:探讨VisuMax飞秒激光仪制作角膜瓣的预测性及其影响因素。方法:回顾性病例系列研究。将150例300眼近视眼按预设角膜瓣厚度分为100μm组(204眼)和110μm组(96眼),角膜瓣直径7.9和8.3mm。将术前设定的角膜瓣直径和厚度与术中、术后测量的实际结果进行差异性分析,对相关影响因素进行多元逐步回归分析。结果:100μm组和110μm组的角膜瓣厚度测量值分别为103.11±4.07,113.35±5.71μm,与目标值比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.396,1.284,P>0.05)。左右眼差异无统计学意义(t100μm=-0.901,t110μm=-0.490;P>0.05)。100μm组和110μm组患者的角膜厚度测量值分别为533.52±20.89,530.24±25.43μm,年龄分别为23.80±6.71,21.56±5.08岁,角膜中央最大K值分别为43.46±1.39,43.44±1.38D,角膜瓣直径分别为8.46±0.47,8.72±0.43mm,眼压分别为16.02±2.51,16.66±2.21mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。两组角膜瓣厚度与角膜瓣直径(r=0.003,0.018)、术前年龄(r=0.022,0.050)、角膜厚度(r=0.051,0.101)、角膜中央最大K值(r=-0.048,-0.136)及眼压(r=-0.113,0.047)均无相关性(P>0.05)。预设角膜瓣直径为7.9,8.3mm的角膜厚度分别为536.88±27.99,529.83±33.52μm,角膜中央最大K值分别为43.48±1.19,41.88±1.25D。相关性分析显示:术前角膜中央最大K值与角膜瓣直径呈正相关(r=0.359,0.532;P=0.01,0.007<0.05)。结论:VisuMax飞秒激光仪制作角膜瓣厚度预测性好,不受角膜瓣直径、角膜厚度、角膜中央最大K值、年龄、眼压等因素的影响。     

曲伏前列素滴眼液抗青光眼治疗中对眼表影响的观察

目的：探讨局部应用抗青光眼药物曲伏前列素滴眼液对患者泪膜功能的影响。方法：选取原发性开角型青光眼或高眼压患者18例32眼。患者均局部用曲伏前列素滴眼液,每晚滴1次。用药前及用药后1,2,3mo行症状评分及基础泪液分泌量测定（Schirmer Ⅰ test ,SⅠt）、角膜荧光素染色（corneal fluorescein staining,FL）、泪膜破裂时间（tear break-up time, BUT）。结果：全部患者用药前患者症状评分、FL的平均值为1.34±1.56,0.44±0.73,用药后1,2,3mo分别为2.75±1.63,1.08±0.84; 5.10±1.68,1.53±0.67; 6.33±1.40,1.98±0.50。用药后1,2,3mo患者症状评分、FL均显著高于用药前（P=0.00）,且逐渐增加。全部患者用药前患者症状BUT,SⅠt的平均值为（7.76±0.92s）,（8.47±2.73mm/5min）,用药后1,2,3mo分别（7.08±1.15s）,（7.73±3.44mm/5min）;（5.59±1.33s）,（6.82±3.05mm/5min）;（4.29±1.87s）,（6.04±3.15mm/5min）。用药后1,2,3mo患者BUT 值和SⅠt值均显著低于用药前水平（P=0.00）,且逐渐减低。结论：短期使用曲伏前列素滴眼液即加重患者角膜刺激症状,泪膜稳定性下降, 泪液分泌减少。     

影响近视眼角膜中央厚度的多因素探讨

目的:探讨影响近视眼患者角膜中央厚度的相关因素。方法:用超声角膜测厚仪检测630例(1260眼)近视及近视散光眼患者的中央角膜厚度,统计分析检测结果。结果:角膜中央厚度与眼内压呈正相关(r=0.416,P=0.01)。角膜中央厚度大约每增加28.8μm,眼内压上升1mmHg,角膜中央厚度与屈光度呈负相关(r=0.426,P<0.05)。角膜中央厚度与是否戴角膜接触镜有关,长期持续配戴软性角膜接触镜者平均中央角膜厚度为530.26±32.73μm,无角膜接触镜配戴史者平均中央角膜厚度为545.89±29.71μm,二者比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);散瞳前角膜中央厚度为532.77±32.21μm,散瞳后角膜中央厚度为539.97±31.31μm,二者比较差异有显著性(P=0.001)。结论:近视角膜中央厚度除与眼内压、屈光度及是否配戴软性角膜接触镜等因素有关,散瞳剂也是影响角膜中央厚度的因素之一。     

拉坦前列素治疗残余性闭角型青光眼的临床研究

目的观察拉坦前列素用于外滤过或虹膜周切术后的残余性闭角型青光眼的降眼压效果。方法采用随机、单盲、平行对照试验,选取外滤过或虹膜周切术后的残余性闭角型青光眼患者(眼压≥21mmHg且≤35mmHg,前房角检查至少累计90度范围内看到部分睫状体带),拉坦前列素组每晚一次,噻吗心安对照组早、晚各用一次,共观察8周。分别记录用药前、用药后1周、2周、4周、8周9am以及用药前、用药后8周4pm的眼压值。结果拉坦前列素组入选25例(25只眼),噻吗心安组入选24例(24只眼),两组用药后眼压都明显下降,拉坦前列素组从用药前的(24.73±3.90)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)降至8周时的(16.08±3.86)mmHg,下降幅度为35.0%;噻吗心安组从(26.00±4.44)mmHg降至(17.53±3.97)mmHg,下降幅度为32.6%。不同时间点上午两组眼压没有显著差异,而用药后8周4pm拉坦前列素组的眼压(15.33±3.16)mmHg明显低于噻吗心安组(18.76±4.13)mmHg(t=-3.016,P<0.05)。结论拉坦前列素可有效降低外滤过或虹膜周切术后的残余性闭角型青光眼的眼压,其作用较噻吗心安更持久。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.