腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术 (附56例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的优点、可行性及近期疗效.方法2001年8月至2004年8月行腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前补片修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic mesh repair of hernia,TAPP)和完全经腹膜外补片修补术(totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic mesh repair of hernia,TEP)共56例,其中腹股沟斜疝45例,腹股沟直疝8例,复合疝3例.结果56例均成功完成手术,TAPP48例、56侧,TEP8例、9侧,术中发现对侧有隐性疝4例,复合疝3例.平均手术时间61.3±26.5min,术后平均住院4.3d.术后3例(5.4%)有残余疝囊积液.全部患者均获随访1～36个月,复发1例,复发率1.8%.结论腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术是安全可行的疝修补新方法,具有并发症少,术后患者疼痛轻,康复快、复发率低等优点,并可发现复合疝和隐性疝.     

成人腹股沟疝腹腔镜修补术512例

目的 总结成人腹股沟疝腹腔镜修补术的经验,分析常见的手术并发症和术后复发原因.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2010年9月行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术512例患者的临床资料,单侧腹股沟疝437例(斜疝281例、直疝86例、股疝15例、复合疝16例,复发疝39例),双侧腹股沟疝75例(含复发疝3例),其中包括急性腹股沟嵌顿疝41例.术后平均随访时间(29±12)个月.结果 512例中,507例患者成功行腹腔镜修补,完成经腹腹膜前补片植入术( transabdominalpreperitoneal,TAPP)238例(292侧),完全腹膜外补片植入术(totally extraperitoneal,TEP) 269例(290侧);5例中转开放手术.平均手术时间TAPP(69±19)min、TEP (58±15) min;术后平均住院时间(5.0±1.5)d;术后2周和4周恢复非限制活动人数分别为95.7％( 485/507)、99.0％(502/507);术后并发症依次为血清肿9.7％ (49/507)、暂时性神经感觉异常4.1％ (21/507)、术后慢性疼痛0.8％(4/507).术后复发率0.6％ (3/507).结论 腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术具有创伤小,恢复快,复发率低等优点.     

腹腔镜下行疝修补术的75例经验

目的：探讨腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补手术的方法、适应证及优缺点。方法：75例腹股沟疝用腹腔镜进行了疝修补术，其中斜疝53例，不完全性疝8例，直疝14例。行单纯疝囊高位结扎10例，经腹腔腹膜前补片植入术（TAPP）48例52例疝，完全腹膜外行补片植入术（TEP）者17例。结果：手术全部成功完成，平均手术时间62．5（10－180)min，无中转手术，8例病人同时行了阑尾切除术，4例病人同时行了胆囊切除术；术后平均5．4d出院。1例直疝于TAPP术后8月因补片过小而复发。结论：腹腔镜疝修补术是一种安全而先进的无张力疝修补手术，手术后恢复时间短，复发率低。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术的围手术期护理

正腹股沟疝临床常见,传统疝修补术后复发率高。近年,腹腔镜无张力疝修补技术日渐成熟,应用广泛。腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair,LIHR)主要包括经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)、全腹膜外疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal,TEP)及腹腔内补片植入术(intraperitoneal onlay mesh,IPOM)~[1]。TAPP操作方便,术后康复快,复发率低,并发症少,临床应用较广泛。现结合2010年1月至2013年12月行TAPP治疗的42例腹     

三种不同腹腔镜术式治疗老年复发性腹股沟疝的临床效果比较

目的:比较腹腔镜腹腔内补片植入术(intraperitoneal onlay mesh,IPOM)、腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)与腹腔镜全腹膜外疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal,TEP)3种手术方式治疗老年复发性腹股沟疝的临床效果。方法:回顾分析为156例老年复发性腹股沟疝患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料,其中23例行IPOM,106例行TAPP,27例行TEP,术后随访1个月,对比3种术式的手术时间、术后住院时间、术后下床活动时间、术后第1天疼痛VAS评分等情况。结果:IPOM、TAPP、TEP 3组患者平均手术时间为(53.2±13.8)min、(52.6±18.6)min、(56.5±16.8)min;术后住院时间平均(4.2±2.1)d、(3.5±2.8)d、(3.7±1.9)d;术后下床活动时间平均(14.2±3.8)h、(15.5±3.1)h、(15.3±2.9)h;术后第1天疼痛VAS评分平均(2.3±0.3)分、(2.5±0.6)分、(2.6±0.9)分;术后并发症发生率分别为13.04%、16.98%与14.81%,上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:3种腹腔镜疝修补术均适于老年复发性腹股沟疝患者,具体手术方式主要根据上次手术入路及补片层次进行个性化选择。     

腹腔镜治疗腹股沟疝的手术技巧和临床疗效分析

目的 探讨经腹腹膜前补片植入术(TAPP)和全腹膜外补片植入术(TEP)治疗腹股沟疝的手术技巧和临床效果.方法 回顾分析2007年7月至2008年10月期间我院实施腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术23例(26侧)患者的临床资料,其中TAPP 9例(10侧),TEP 14例(16侧).结果 无一例中转为开放手术.1例TEP转行TAPP.平均手术时间(82.1±40.6) min,术中出血量(5.7±3.0) ml; TEP术中腹膜撕裂2例.术后并发症发生率为21.7%(5/23),其中术后血清肿1例,阴囊气肿2例,修补区暂时性神经感觉异常1例,尿潴留1例; 术后未出现慢性、持续性神经性疼痛、异物感,补片感染和切口感染.术后平均住院时间(4.3±0.9) d.术后随访1～15个月,平均(7.2±2.3)个月,无其他不适及复发病例.结论 腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术安全、复发率低、并发症少、痛苦轻、住院时间短、恢复快.     

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的经验总结(附235例报告)

目的:评价腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的安全性和有效性,分析术后复发与并发症的原因;比较经腹腹膜前补片植入术(TAPP)与全腹膜外补片植入术(TEP)的手术疗效。方法:回顾性分析1997年1月至2005年1月行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的235例(274例次)病人的临床资料,其中TAPP139例(163例次),TEP96例(111例次),随访时间1～24个月(中位时间15个月)。结果:手术无中转,术后复发率为1.46%(4/274),前3位并发症依此为血清肿5.11%(14/274),暂时性神经感觉异常4.74%(13/274)和尿潴留2.92%(8/274);平均手术时间为(57.1±18.6)min(25～140min),术后平均住院天数为(5.84±1.44)d,2周和4周内恢复非限制性活动人数分别为96.2%(226/235)和100%,术后无需应用镇痛剂;TAPP与TEP在手术时间、复发率、并发症率、术后住院天数、恢复非限制性活动时间上差异无显著性(P>0.05);Ⅲ型疝的血清肿发生率高于其他各型(P=0.041)。结论:TAPP和TEP都是安全有效的无张力修补方法,手术效果及术式选择取决于术者的临床经验。     

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术136例临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的手术方式及特点。方法:回顾分析马鞍山市人民医院普外三科2013年10月至2015年6月收治的136例单侧(左/右)腹股沟疝患者的临床资料,患者行腹腔镜手术治疗,其中经腹腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)83例,全腹膜外疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal,TEP)53例。分析两种腹腔镜疝修补手术方式及特点。结果:136例手术均获成功,未中转开腹。未出现血管、输精管及膀胱损伤。术后发生阴囊血清肿6例,尿潴留11例。手术时间TAPP平均(77.34±18.5)min、TEP平均(85.75±11.9)min。TAPP患者平均住院(4.2±1.6)d,TEP平均(4.5±1.4)d。出血量平均(6.7±2.1)ml。随访半年,均无复发。结论:TAPP手术操作空间较TEP大,技术容易掌握;TEP于腹腔外进行手术操作,保留了腹膜的完整性,但学习曲线较长。TAPP、TEP均安全有效,且较传统无张力疝修补术具有创伤小、康复快、复发率低等特点,适合在有条件的医院普及。     

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术64例的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜在腹股沟疝修补术中应用的可行性和优缺点.方法 64例成人腹股沟疝采用不同的腹腔镜疝修补术式完成,随访观察临床疗效,对临床资料进行回顾性总结分析.结果 所有患者均成功完成腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术,包括腹腔镜腹股沟疝腹腔内网片植入术(intraperitoneal onlay mesh,IPOM)术式34例,腹腔镜经腹腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal prosthetic, TAPP)术式7例,腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(totally extraperitoneal prosthetic, TEP)术式20例,IPOM同时对侧行TAPP者2例,IPOM同时对侧行TEP者1例.单侧平均手术时间为25～160 min,平均66 min;双侧手术时间为60～187 min,平均76 min.术中出血量为 5～100 ml, ,术后平均住院时间4.8 d.总体疗效满意,并发症发生率14.06%,全组复发率为3.12% .结论 腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术安全可行,具有微创优势,但仍需积极防治并发症.     

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术式的个体化选择

目的比较全腹膜外补片植入术(total extraperitoneal endoscopic patchplasty,TEP)、经腹腹膜前补片植入术(transabdominel endoscopic patchplasy,TAPP)和经腹腹腔内补片置入术(intraperito-neal endoscopic patchplasty,IPOM),经个体化选择并实施后的安全性、有效性。方法回顾性分析2007年6月至2009年6月间采用TEP、TAPP和IPOM行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术185例(200例次)病人的临床资料。结果全部手术均无中转,行TEP、TAPP和IPOM的病人在手术时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症和术后复发率上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TEP、TAPP和IPOM均为安全、有效的腹股沟疝修补术式,其个体化选择对手术效果尤为重要。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.