Psychometric evaluation of the Spanish and English versions of the spiritual coping strategies scale

The Spiritual Coping Strategies (SCS) Scale measures how frequently religious and nonreligious (spiritual) coping strategies are used to cope with a stressful experience. This study's purpose is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly translated Spanish version of the SCS. A total of 51 bilingual adults completed the SCS in Spanish and English, with 25 completing them again 2-3 weeks later. Internal consistency reliability for the Spanish (r = 0.83) and English (r = 0.82) versions of the SCS in the total sample were good. Test-retest reliability was .84 for the Spanish and .80 for the English version. Spanish and English responses to the SCS items and the resulting score for the subscales and the total scale were not significantly different. Scores on the English and Spanish versions were correlated as expected with time since the stressful event and happiness with family and with spouse or partner, supporting the validity of the Spanish SCS. Study findings support the reliability and validity of the newly translated Spanish SCS.     

Testing equivalence of Spanish and English versions: the LaMonica-Oberst (revised) patient satisfaction with nursing care scale

Despite recent emphasis on outcome measurement and an increasing proportion of Spanish speakers in the United States, most patient satisfaction studies exclude Spanish-speaking participants because Spanish versions of instruments are not available. A Spanish translation of the 15-item LaMonica-Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale, completed by 64 Spanish-speaking patients living in the northeast and of predominantly Puerto Rican ancestry, produced two factors explaining 86.3% of score variation (alpha=.94 and.58). Evidence for equivalence to the English version and concurrent validity is presented. Generalizability and decision studies indicate that four additional items are needed on the dissatisfaction subscale to attain an acceptable dependability coefficient.     

Domains of the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire (CP QOL) for Children and Adolescents: Spanish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties

Promoting quality of life (QOL) has become a goal of support services for people with disabilities and a key intervention outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the adapted Spanish version of the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire (CP QOL) for children and adolescents, in its self-report and primary caregiver-report versions. The Spanish versions were translated and adapted following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. Eighty-two children and adolescents with CP and 304 primary caregivers completed the final Spanish versions of the CP QOL, the KIDSCREEN-27, and instruments to measure functioning. Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded a distinguishable domain structure similar to the original English version. Cronbach’s alpha ranged between .75 and .91 for primary caregiver reports and between .81 and .91 for child/teen self-reports. Moderate and weak correlations were observed between the CP QOL and the generic measure of QOL and functioning. This study provides a valid instrument to assess the QOL of children and adolescents with CP in the Spanish context.

     

Support programs for new graduates in pediatric nursing

This study examined intent to stay and the relationship between work satisfaction and burnout in a sample of new registered nurse graduates hired at a freestanding children's hospital. The following research questions were addressed: (1) Two years after initial employment, what is the percentage of new graduates who intend to stay on the job? (2) Is there a relationship between work satisfaction and burnout? (3) What is the turnover rate after the implementation of a support group program for new registered nurses? Of a target group of 75 new graduate nurses, 33 (44%) completed a modified version of Aiken's Revised Nursing Work Index and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A majority of the registered nurses intended to stay on the job, with 87.9% reporting that they were satisfied with their current position and 97.0% reporting that they were satisfied with being a nurse. The correlation between job satisfaction and burnout was as follows: r = -0.684, F(1,30) = -21.71; p < .001. Of the participants, 39% reported an increase in the amount of time they spent with patients over the year, 27% reported an increase in the amount of time they spent documenting patient care, and 24% reported that the "quality of care" they were providing was better than 1 year ago. Before the implementation of a support group program for new graduates in 2006, the turnover rate was 7.6%; in 2009, the turnover rate was 5.7%.     

Translation and validation of Caregiving Satisfaction Scale into Korean

The purpose of this study was to establish the equivalence and to examine the psychometric properties of a Korean translation of the Caregiving Satisfaction Scale (CSS). A convenience sample of 44 bilingual Koreans was selected. The Cronbach's alpha for the English and Korean versions were .87 and .90, respectively. There was significant mean difference between items 3 and 12 of the English items and their Korean translations. Pearson's Correlations demonstrated that 13 of the 15 CSS items had significant correlations (r = .35-.75, p < .05) between two versions. The correlation between total scores of both versions was .86 (p < .001). Overall, none of the items would be regarded as having unacceptable numeric properties. According to the fine process for translation, back-translation, and bilingual field test, the Korean version of the CSS appears to have concrete construct validity and reliability for use in measuring caregiver satisfaction in the Korean population.     

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Resilience Scale

The purpose of this study is to test the reliability and validity of a Spanish translation of the Resilience Scale (RS), which was originally created in English by Wagnild and Young (1993). A team of bilingual, bicultural translators participated in the translation process to enhance the linguistic accuracy and cultural appropriateness of the Spanish translation. As part of the convenience sample of 315 women of Mexican descent who participated in the larger study, data from 147 women who preferred to read and write in Spanish were used in this analysis. The English version of the RS consists of a 17-item "Personal Competence" subscale and an 8-item "Acceptance of Self and Life" subscale for a total of 25 items. However, two items had low item-total loadings and were removed to form a modified 23-item RS. The exploratory principal components factor analysis, varimax rotation, and subsequent goodness of fit indices were ambivalent on whether a one or two-factor solution was appropriate, but the chi-square difference test clearly demonstrated that the two-factor solution of the Spanish version was more useful in explaining variance than a one-factor solution. Internal consistency reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha (alpha = 0.93) which was acceptable for the 23-item RS as well as its subscales. Construct validity was demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between resilience and life satisfaction (r = 0.36; p < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation between resilience and depressive symptoms (r = -0.29; p < 0.01). This analysis ultimately supports the appropriateness of the modified 23-item Spanish translation of the RS and its subscales in a sample of urban, low-income women of Mexican descent in the U.S.     

Evaluation of a caregiver education program to support memory and communication in dementia: a controlled pretest-posttest study with nursing home staff

Background

There is a need for simple multimedia training programs designed to upskill the dementia care workforce. A DVD-based training program entitled RECAPS and MESSAGE has been designed to provide caregivers with strategies to support memory and communication in people with dementia.

Objectives

The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of the RECAPS and MESSAGE training on knowledge of support strategies, and caregiver satisfaction, in nursing home care staff, and (2) to evaluate staff opinion of the training.

Design

A multi-centre controlled pretest–posttest trial was conducted between June 2009 and January 2010, with baseline, immediately post-training and 3-month follow-up assessment.

Setting

Four nursing homes in Queensland, Australia.

Participants

All care staff were invited to participate. Of the 68 participants who entered the study, 52 (37 training participants and 15 controls) completed outcome measures at baseline and 3-month follow-up. 63.5% of participants were nursing assistants, 25% were qualified nurses and 11.5% were recreational/activities officers.

Methods

The training and control groups were compared on the following outcomes: (1) knowledge of memory and communication support strategies, and (2) caregiver satisfaction. In the training group, the immediate effects of training on knowledge, and the effects of role (nurse, nursing assistant, recreational staff) on both outcome measures, were also examined. Staff opinion of the training was assessed immediately post-training and at 3-month follow-up.

Results

The training group showed a significant improvement in knowledge of support strategies from baseline to immediately post-training (p = 0.001). Comparison of the training and control groups revealed a significant increase in knowledge for the training group (p = 0.011), but not for the control group (p = 0.33), between baseline and 3-month follow-up. Examination of caregiver satisfaction by care staff role in the training group revealed that only the qualified nurses showed higher levels of caregiver satisfaction at 3-month follow-up (p = 0.013). Staff rated the training positively both for usefulness and applicability.

Conclusion

The RECAPS and MESSAGE training improved nursing home care staff's knowledge of support strategies for memory and communication, and gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Moreover, the training was well received by staff.     

Validation of the English and translated Chinese version of the Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool for cancer caregivers (CNAT-C)

Abstract

The 41-item Comprehensive Needs Assessment Tool for Cancer Caregivers (CNAT-C) is an English language survey for needs assessment developed and validated in South Korean cancer caregivers. The objective of this study was to validate both the English and a translated Chinese version of the CNAT-C in cancer caregivers in Singapore.

This was a cross-sectional survey where cancer caregivers completed the CNAT-C and World Health Organisation Quality-of-life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) in English or Chinese. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency. Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients between CNAT-C scores and WHOQOL-BREF domains. For known groups validity, independent samples t-test was used to compare CNAT-C scores based on Karnofsky performance status.

There were 161 cancer caregivers – 80 answered the English version and 81 answered the Chinese version. For the English version, 33.8% were male and the mean age was 46.9 years. For the Chinese version, 27.2% were male and the mean age was 52.6 years. The total CNAT-C score and most domain scores showed good internal consistency, low to moderate convergent validity with WHOQOL-BREF domains and good known groups validity with performance status in both the English and Chinese versions. Domain 1 (health and psychological problems) in the Chinese version did not show convergent validity although there was evidence of known groups validity. Domain 5 (religious/spiritual support) also did not show validity in our study sample.

In summary, there was low to moderate convergent validity with the WHOQOL-BREF for both the English and translated Chinese versions. However, both language versions of CNAT-C showed good internal consistency and good known groups validity according to performance status, and both language versions of the CNAT-C can be used to assess the level of unmet needs for cancer caregivers in the Singapore context.     

Spanish Version of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain

A variety of valid tools are available to assess staff knowledge and attitudes regarding pain, among which is the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain. Although this instrument has been widely and successfully used, a valid and adapted Spanish version is yet to be developed. The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain. After translating and back-translating this tool, we conducted a cross-cultural adaptation and construct validation with 102 participants, including nursing professionals (in palliative care, oncology, and intensive care) from five health centers and final-year nursing students. All participants were recruited in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. We also evaluated the internal consistency and test-retest correlations. Cronbach's α was .781, and Pearson's r and the intraclass correlation coefficient between the test and retest scores were .881 and .883, respectively. The mean questionnaire scores in the test and retest phases were 65.8% and 67.6%, respectively. Palliative care nurses had the highest score, 70.8%, which differed significantly from the rest of the groups. The Spanish version of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain can effectively differentiate nursing staff in terms of their pain expertise. The results indicate that Spanish nurses have a gap in pharmacologic knowledge that is comparable to that found in other countries, but their foundation in general pain concepts was solid.     

The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales: a valid measure of maternal satisfaction with inpatient postpartum nursing care

AIM: To test the validity of The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales as measures of patient satisfaction with nursing care in an inpatient postpartum unit. BACKGROUND: The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales (Experience of Nursing Care Scale and Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale) were developed to measure the satisfaction of medical-surgical inpatients with nursing care. METHODS: The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales were administered by interviewers to 189 postpartum women prior to hospital discharge. We tested the construct validity of the scales by making five a priori predictions: mothers who were more satisfied would be more likely to have one nurse caring for them and to recommend the postpartum unit to a friend. We also predicted that the Experience of Nursing Care and Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scales would be positively correlated with each other, with a global question about satisfaction with nursing care, and with a global question about satisfaction with overall postpartum stay. RESULTS: Four of the five a priori predictions were supported by the data. The mean Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale scores of mothers who would recommend the unit to a friend were higher (more satisfied) than those who would not (P < 0.001). The Experience of Nursing Care Scale and Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale were positively and significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.9, P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between the scales and global ratings of nursing care (Experience Scale r = 0.79, P < 0.001; Satisfaction Scale r = 0.82, P < 0.001) and overall postpartum stay (Experience Scale r = 0.64, P < 0.001; Satisfaction Scale r = 0.68, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scales are valid measures of maternal satisfaction with inpatient postpartum nursing care.     

Psychometric properties of Spanish versions of the FACES II and Dyadic Adjustment Scale

Although Hispanic Americans are one of the fastest growing ethnic populations in the United States, use and psychometric testing of Spanish versions of two instruments commonly used to measure quality of the couple's relationship and family functioning, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the FACES II, have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of the newly translated Spanish version of these two instruments. In this bilingual sample of 78 adults, internal consistencies were acceptable (.72 to .77 for the FACES II; .67 to .93 for the DAS) and test-retest correlations were high (.80 to .88 FACES II; .79 to .87 DAS). Correlations between the Spanish and English versions were also high (.87 to .94 FACES II; .91 to .99 DAS). Psychometric findings support the reliability and validity of the Spanish versions of these newly translated measures.     

Exploring the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing group outcome attainment capability in nurse administrators

Gianfermi r.e. & Buchholz s.w. (2011) Journal of Nursing Management 19, 1012–1019 Exploring the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing group outcome attainment capability in nurse administrators Aim To examine the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing group outcome attainment capability (NOAC) among nurse administrators. Background Contributing to the nursing shortage experienced in the USA is job dissatisfaction and a sense of powerlessness. The potential to achieve power exists within nursing and is realized when nurses achieve their goals. Nurse administrators can positively impact their settings by achieving these goals as they engage in the process of NOAC. However, little is known about the relationship between nurse administrators, job satisfaction and NOAC. Method In this non-experimental study, nurse administrators (n = 20) employed in mid-size urban and suburban hospitals were recruited using convenience sampling. Using an on-line format, participants completed the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire to measure job satisfaction and the Sieloff–King Assessment of Group Outcome Attainment within Organizations to measure NOAC. Results Moderately strong and strong significant correlations (P < 0.003) were found between job satisfaction and nursing group outcome attainment capability (intrinsic satisfaction r = 0.800; extrinsic satisfaction r = 0.650; total satisfaction r = 0.770). Conclusion To increase job satisfaction, it is important that nurse administrators have the power to achieve their professional goals. Implications for nursing management Nurse administrators can potentially increase their job satisfaction by achieving their professional goals.     

Nurse-Expressed Empathy, Patient Outcomes, and Development of a Middle-Range Theory

Purpose : To demonstrate how a middle-range theory was developed and tested through research that examined relationships between nurse-expressed empathy and two patient outcomes: patient-perceived empathy and patient distress.
Significance: Nurse-patient relationships are the basis for all nursing care and empathy is an important aspect of these relationships. Research is needed, however, to determine the patient outcomes that are related to the empathy of nurses.
Organizing Framework: Orlando's (I 96 1, 1972) nursing model. Scope: 140 subjects, 70 staff RNs and 70 patients from hospital medical-surgical acute care units. Each nurse-subject completed two measures of nurse-expressed empathy and each patient-subject completed a measure of perceived empathy and two measures of distress.
Findings: Negative relationships were found between nurse-expressed empathy and patient distress (r = -.71, p < .001), and between patient-perceived empathy and patient distress (r = -.71, p < .007). A moderate positive relationship was found between nurse-expressed empathy and patient-perceived empathy (r = .35 to .47, p < .05).
Conclusions: A model can be tested when propositions theoretically linked to the model are empirically tested. This study's findings demonstrated support for relationships proposed in Orlando's model.