新生儿巨结肠合并小肠结肠炎的护理

先天性巨结肠是一种常见的肠道畸形,据统计资料新生儿巨结肠合并小肠结肠炎的病死率为47.62%[1].我科自2003年1月至2006年1月对176例新生儿巨结肠合并小肠结肠炎进行护理,效果满意.现将新生儿巨结肠合并小肠结肠炎的护理报告如下.     

先天性巨结肠合并先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄1例并文献分析

目的 总结先天性巨结肠合并先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的诊治经验. 方法 回顾性分析2019年12月收治的1例先天性巨结肠合并先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄新生儿的临床资料,并结合相关文献分析.患儿男性,出生22天,因腹胀、呕吐入院,钡灌肠示先天性巨结肠,超声检查示先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄.充分准备后Ⅰ期行腹腔镜下幽门环肌切开术,待患儿营养...     

腹腔镜与经腹手术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床效果比较

比较腹腔镜与经腹手术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床效果。回顾性分析我院2009年1月—2016年12月确诊为先天性巨结肠的356例新生儿的临床资料,其中238例行腹腔镜Soave术(A组),118例行经腹Soave术(B组)。A、B两组356例患儿均顺利完成手术治疗。A组术中平均出血量(9.8±3.1)mL,术后平均住院时间(9.1±1.5)d,术后发生便秘2例、大便失禁1例、先天性巨结肠相关性肠炎2例、肠梗阻3例,未发生肛门狭窄。B组术中平均出血量(16.2±4.1)mL,术后平均住院时间为(13.2±3.1)d,术后发生便秘7例、肛门狭窄6例、大便失禁5例、先天性巨结肠相关性肠炎6例、肠梗阻8例。与传统开腹手术治疗相比,腹腔镜手术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠具有创伤小、康复快、术后进食早、缩短住院时间、术后并发症发生率少等优点,且手术安全可靠,具有一定优越性,更适用于新生儿。     

成人先天性巨结肠48例临床诊治体会

探讨成人先天性巨结肠的诊断及治疗方法的选择。回顾性分析近5年收治的48例成人先天性巨结肠患者的临床资料。手术治疗组疗效明显优于非手术治疗组,手术治疗组采用Soave手术效果确切。成人先天性巨结肠患者早期明确诊断并及时行手术治疗,是彻底治愈并减少病死率的有效方法。     

纤维结肠镜检查指导先天性巨结肠结肠灌洗的研究

为研究应用纤维结肠镜检查指导先天巨结肠结肠灌洗的临床价值，将７０例先天性巨结肠手术病例分为对照组３５例，按常规灌洗；观察组３５例，应用纤维结肠镜检指导灌洗。两组病例手术方式均为Ｓｗｅｎ－ｓｏｎ手术。结果，常规灌洗和纤维结镜指导下的灌洗效果、两组术后并发平均缩短２．１ｄ。     

腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠20例

先天性巨结肠是一种常见的小儿先天肠道发育不良,以肠道局部神经节细胞缺失为特征,主要表现为新生儿肠道梗阻,胎粪排出延迟,婴幼儿便秘等,在消化道先天畸形中仅次于肛门直肠畸形,位于第二位.我院于2006年开始采用经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠,但对于年长儿、长段型需配合开腹方可完成.我院2008年1月-2010年12月对20例先天性巨结肠采用腹腔镜辅助下改良Soave术治疗,客服了传统手术不足,现报道如下.     

先天性巨结肠微创手术护理手册的制定与应用

目的 探讨先天性巨结肠微创手术患儿的高质量护理方法.方法 将40例先天性巨结肠患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各20例.对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用自制先天性巨结肠微创手术护理手册进行护理,入院即发放手册,并定时(入院当天、手术当天、出院当天)进行讲解.结果 两组患儿平均住院日,患儿家长疾病健康知识掌握程度、护理工作满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01).结论 手册的应用可有效提高护理质量,提高患儿家长的满意度和疾病健康知识的掌握度,缩短住院时间.     

腹腔镜辅助Soave术治疗新生儿(<3月)先天性巨结肠26例

探讨腹腔镜辅助Soave术治疗新生儿(3月)先天性巨结肠的临床疗效和安全性。回顾性分析26例新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床资料,其中男19例,女7例。短段型4例,常见型15例,长段型7例。26例均顺利完成手术,无死亡病例,无中转开腹手术者。手术时间128～176 min,平均157 min。术中出血量15～24 mL,平均18 mL。肠功能恢复时间1～4 d,平均3 d。住院时间7～14 d,平均9 d。所有患儿腹壁切口瘢痕小,生长发育正常。腹腔镜辅助Soave术治疗新生儿(3月)先天性巨结肠是安全有效的。     

腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠(附73例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析2002~2010年应用腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗73例新生儿先天性巨结肠的临床资料。结果:73例手术均获成功,患儿腹胀、便秘等临床症状消失,大便每天5~19次,腹部切口均愈合良好。术后小肠结肠炎6例,肛周皮炎23例,污粪5例,无复发、肠粘连、吻合口瘘、结肠回缩等并发症发生。术后随访,随小儿年龄增长,大便次数逐渐减少,术后3个月大便呈糊状,6~12个月后大便接近正常,排便功能优良率98%。结论:腹腔镜辅助Soave根治术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠具有患儿创伤小、操作简单、安全、有效、并发症少等优点,特别是对长段型巨结肠、全结肠型巨结肠优势明显。     

基于三维质量评价模式的先天性巨结肠术后患儿多学科综合出院管理

目的探索基于结构-过程-结果三维质量评价模式的先天性巨结肠术后患儿多学科综合出院管理方法,减少患儿术后并发症发生率,改善其生活质量和排便功能。方法将100例先天性巨结肠患儿按入院时间分为对照组与干预组各50例。对照组采用常规护理,干预组以Donabedian模式结构-过程-结果三维质量评价模式为理论框架,实施先天性巨结肠术后多学科综合出院管理。1年后比较两组患儿术后并发症发生率、生活质量及排便功能。结果干预组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组,生活质量及排便功能显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论将Donabedian结构-过程-结果三维质量评价模式用于先天性巨结肠多学科综合出院管理,可降低患儿术后并发症发生率,改善患儿生活质量和排便功能。     

Rectal suction biopsy for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

The diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease is at times difficult, particularly in the young patient. Since 1972 we have used rectal suction biopsy as a screening technique in neonates and infants with failure to pass meconium or evidence of obstruction. In addition, it is used to confirm the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease when suspected by barium enema study. This technique has been used in 444 patients, 302 of whom were less than one year of age. No anesthesia is necessary, and there have been no associated complications. Only one patient early in the study had an initial misdiagnosis. There have been no false-positive or false-negative specimens since this initial problem, and no patients have undergone inappropriate pull-through procedures for suspected Hirschsprung's disease. It is recommended that all neonates who do not pass meconium in the first 48 hours of life undergo rectal suction biopsy to establish the diagnosis of congenital megacolon.     

Diagnostic scoring system of Hirschsprung's disease in the neonatal period

OBJECTIVE: Eighty to ninety percent of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) patients present in newborns. However, the diagnosis of HD in the neonatal period remains difficult. Our present study aims to propose a diagnostic scoring system and hope this will increase early diagnosis of HD and avoid unnecessary rectal biopsy. METHODS: In the first study period, 57 suspected HD patients (0-3 months) completed our predetermined study protocol in which barium enema (BE), rectal manometry (RM) and full-thickness rectal biopsy were performed. Symptoms, signs and investigations were analysed for their correlation with HD diagnosis. A HD diagnostic scoring system was developed according to the statistical results and was assessed in 74 patients in the second study period. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were diagnosed with HD in the first study period. A HD scoring system was developed in which delayed meconium, tight anus, BE and RM were diagnostic factors. A cut-off point of 3 provided 84% of HD patients score >3, whereas 75% non-HD patients score 相似文献   

Rectosigmoid tubular duplication presenting as perineal sepsis in a neonate

Tubular rectal duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly. We report a case of tubular rectal duplication in a newborn baby who presented with perianal sepsis. The diagnosis was confirmed by barium enema, magnetic resonance imaging, and at operation. We performed total mucosectomy through a posterior sagittal incision combined with laparotomy. The patient was doing quite well at 17-month follow-up examination.     

Diagnosis of congenital megacolon: an analysis of 501 patients

Today, almost 90 yr after Harald Hirschsprung described two cases of “Constipation in the Newborn due to Dilatation and Hypertrophy of the Colon” before the Society of Pediatrics in Berlin,¹ the child with congenital megacolon is still a diagnostic challenge to the pediatrician and pediatric surgeon. The presenting signs and symptoms can be easily mistaken for mechanical bowel obstruction in the critically ill neonate or for severe intractable diarrhea in the infant. In addition, the barium enema may be difficult to interptet, especially in the patient under 1 mo. It is not surprising that many of these infants are subjected to exploratory laparotomy before a diagnosis of congenital megacolon is considered. In an attempt to clarify the important points in identifying the newborn patient suspected of having congenital megacolon, this report presents a retrospective detailed review of the presenting signs and symptoms and hospital evaluation of 501 patients diagnosed as having congenital megacolon.     

成人巨结肠的诊断与外科处理

目的 探讨成人巨结肠的临床特点、诊断要点和手术处理方法。方法 对我院1991年1月～2003年1月收治的成人巨结肠12例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 男5例，女7例，年龄14—56岁，6例有胎粪排出延迟病史，2例误诊为乙状结肠扭转，6例诊断为急性肠梗阻，其中7例行结肠造瘘，3例行Swenson手术，2例行Duhamel手术；3例行Rehbein手术；1例行Soave手术；外院术后复发2例，Swenson手术1例术后出现骶前感染肛周瘘管，余术后排便功能良好。结论 成人巨结肠临床表现不如小儿先天性巨结肠典型，容易误诊，加强对这种疾病的认识，特别是询问有无便秘史。通过钡灌肠、直肠肛管测压和直肠黏膜活检等对这种疾病作出鉴别，区分先天性或后天性因素引起巨结肠，以利于个体化选择手术方式。     

Transverse to Descending Colon Volvulus and Megacolon with Mesenterium Commune: Report of a Case

We report a case of volvulus of the transverse-descending (T-D) colon and megacolon associated with mesenterium commune. A 70-year-old man was referred to our hospital for investigation of severe constipation and abdominal fullness. On physical examination, his abdomen was remarkably distended with generalized tenderness, and weak bowel sounds. Abdominal X-ray showed megacolon at the splenic flexure and a contrast medium enema study showed tapering of the upper rectum. Accordingly, under a diagnosis of T-D colon volvulus, we performed an emergency operation to release the colon volvulus. The intraoperative findings showed a volvulus of the T-D colon with mesenterium commune. The patient recovered uneventfully and his symptoms resolved; however, a postoperative barium enema showed residual megacolon at the splenic flexure.     

Hirschsprung's disease.

Hirschsprung's disease or aganglionic megacolon is an anomaly caused by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the distal colon. It produces intestinal obstruction or lethal enterocolitis in the neonatal period and constipation of varying degree in the older child. The diagnosis can be made by history alone and confirmed by physical findings, barium enema, motility studies, and rectal biopsy. Colostomy may be a life saving measure in the newborn, to be followed by a definitive pull-through procedure before the age of 1 year. Operative correction consists of various techniques all of which aim for excision of the aganglionic segment with preservation of the internal anal sphincter. The major pitfall of these procedures is a too perfectly preserved sphincter which remains spastic and still produces obstruction. Some damage to this muscle must be accomplished either during the procedure or postoperatively by bouginage in order to obtain a satisfactory result.     

Congenital colonic atresia. Surgery correction in one or two stages?

Sigmoid atresia is rare, the recognzed prevalence is 1 per 15.000 to 60.000 live born. We present a 30 hours old boy with vomiting, abdominal distension and failure to pass meconium. Physical examination showed severe abdominal distension. An enema was performed and a gray mucus plug taken out. The abdominal plain XR showed bowel obstruction and in a barium enema only 5-7 cm of microcolon was seen. With the diagnosis of sigmoid atresia the patient underwent surgery, observing one atresia type I, with dilated proximal loop and distal microcolon. A colostomy was performed and few days later one end-to-end anastomosis was made.     

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目的探讨全消化道钡餐及钡滞留X线片在便秘、以肠神经元异常为代表疾病中的价值及临床意义。方法回顾性分析襄阳市中心医院2007年6月至2011年10月收治的36例疑为肠神经元异常性便秘病人的全消化道钡餐及钡滞留X线片资料。结果 30例为手术、手术后病检确诊为先天性巨结肠、巨结肠同源病及巨结肠并巨结肠同源病提供支持。6例未能诊断为肠神经元异常性疾病。结论全消化道钡餐及钡分时段滞留X线片,可为肠神经元异常便秘性疾病提供重要诊断参考,并具有胃肠传输功能与胃肠生理、病理形态兼顾优势。至少是对该类疾病诊断困难的一个补充。     

结肠双重造影同步排粪造影42例分析

目的：评价结肠气钡双重造影同步排粪造影的可行性。方法：自近两年需做钡灌肠检查加排粪造影检查的108人次中随机抽取42人实施结肠气钡双重造影同步排粪造影,并就各项指标进行对比检验。结果：108例中男22例,女86例;年龄2－73（平均42．93）岁。同步造影42例中男10例,女32例。分别检测组和同步造影组的七种常见疾病的阳性率分别为：直肠前突60．61％和61．90％;直肠黏膜税垂72．73％和64．28％;直肠黏膜套迭46．97和35．71％;耻骨直肠肌综合征,27．28％和37．10％;乙状结肠内疝18．18％和16．67％;盆底下降22．73％和21．40％;骶直分离12．12％和7．14％;小肠疝：0和9％;小肠下垂：0和7％。结论：结肠气钡双重造影同步排粪造影与排粪造影比较排粪障碍病变的显示率大致相同。前者的优点是一次检查可了解结肠病变和排粪障碍病变。