2004年～2006年陕西省蔬菜中有机磷农药残留状况调查

目的：了解陕西地区蔬菜中有机磷农药残留情况.方法：2004年9月至2006年12月随机抽样检查全省6个市县各大农贸市场及超市以及个别蔬菜地的蔬菜.采用气相色谱仪法和气相色谱-质谱仪法对14种蔬菜中12种有机磷农药残留量进行测定.结果：3年共采集蔬菜样品635份.其中2004年采集142份,有机磷农药总检出率12.0%,超标率10.6%.2005年采集246份,有机磷农药总检出率21.1%,超标率17.5%.2006年采集247份,有机磷农药总检出率41.3%,超标率30.4%.结论：结果表明陕西地区蔬菜中有机磷农药残留状况逐渐加重的趋势值得注意.     

广州肉菜市场有机磷农药残留量分析

目的通过对广州市清平、豪贤肉菜市场蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量检测,了解蔬菜中有机磷农药种类,残留含量,及高残留的原因.方法氢火焰气相色谱法.结果检测随机抽187份样品,阳性样品45份,阳性率29.41%,含量超过国家规定标准的31份,占所有样品的16.58%,甲胺磷19份,占阳性标本的61.29%.有6份为混合用药.结论蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量比例较高,与近年来广州市由于食用含有高残留量农药的蔬菜而发生多起食物中毒事件相吻合.     

2004年~2006年临沂市蔬菜有机磷农药残留情况分析

目的了解2004年~2006年临沂市市售蔬菜有机磷农药的残留情况,分析三年期间有机磷农药残留情况的变化趋势。方法采用分离能力较强的毛细管柱气相色谱法对蔬菜中11种有机磷农药进行了检测。结果在350份样品中,67份蔬菜检出有机磷农药,检出率为19.14%;45份超标,超标率为12.86%。2004年120份样品中,23份蔬菜检出有机磷农药,检出率为19.17%;16份超标,超标率为13.33%。2005年120份样品中,25份蔬菜检出有机磷农药,检出率为20.83%;17份超标,超标率为14.17%。2006年110份样品中,19份蔬菜检出有机磷农药,检出率为17.27%;12份超标,超标率为10.91%。结论三年的有机磷农药检出率、超标率变化不大,三年之间无明显差异,提示我们仍需加强预防措施,防止中毒事故的发生。     

160份蔬菜中有机磷农药的检测分析

目的了解临沂市售蔬菜有机磷农药的残留情况。方法采用分离能力较强的毛细管柱气相色谱法对蔬菜中11种有机磷农药进行了检测。结果在160份样品中,26份蔬菜检出残留有机磷农药,检出率为16.25%;24份超标,超标率为15.00%。结论提示我们仍需加强预防措施,防止中毒事故的发生。     

2010年黑龙江省市售蔬菜中有机磷农药的监测结果

目的了解黑龙江省市售蔬菜中有机磷农药残留情况,为其监测工作奠定基础。方法按照国家标准方法 GB/T5009.20-2003对黑龙江省随机采集的150份市售蔬菜样品中的有机磷农药残留进行检测。结果检出有机磷农药残留的蔬菜样品15份,共检出6种有机磷农药,其中1种为国家禁用农药甲胺磷。结论该省市售蔬菜中有一定程度的有机磷农药污染残留应加大对蔬菜中农药残留的监管、整治力度,以保证公众的食品安全。     

2016年-2017年温州市市售蔬菜中有机磷农药残留监测结果分析及膳食暴露风险评估

目的了解温州市市售蔬菜中16种有机磷农药残留状况,评估当地消费者蔬菜农药暴露风险。方法于2016年-2017年采集温州市11个县(市、区)市售蔬菜共9大类119份,进行16种有机磷农药残留检测,采用食品安全指数模型对检出农药开展暴露风险评估。结果本次研究共检测蔬菜119份,有机磷农药检出率为9.24%(11/119),超标率为5.04%(6/119),不同季节、不同蔬菜品种中农药残留检出率、超标率有差异,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。被检测的16种有机磷农药中有7种被检出,3种超标。119份蔬菜样品食品安全指数平均值IFS=0.0531,表明本次研究中蔬菜总体安全状态良好。结论温州市市售蔬菜中有机磷农药残留检出率和超标率不高,对健康潜在危害风险较低,但不能忽视其他种类农药残留危害。     

2014 - 2017年西安市蔬菜有机磷农药残留状况调查

目的 了解西安市蔬菜中有机磷农药残留情况。方法 2014年3月 - 2017年12月随机抽样检查西安市各大农贸市场及超市的蔬菜。采用气相色谱-质谱仪法对20种蔬菜中13种有机磷农药残留量进行测定。结果 2014-2017年共采集蔬菜样品506 份,检出有机磷农药的样品数为92份,农药超标的样品数为23份,共有10种农药不同程度的检出,其中毒死蜱和氧化乐果检出率较高,依次为10.27%（52/506）和2.37%（12/506）,有6份蔬菜样品检出禁用农药水胺硫磷。结论 西安市市售蔬菜有一定程度的有机磷农药残留污染,相关部门应继续采取有效的措施加强监督和检测。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜水果粮食中有机磷农药残留检测结果分析

目的了解2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中16种有机磷农药残留量,为食用农产品的监管提供科学依据。方法从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户随机购买样品,采用NY/T761-2008气相色谱法进行分析,根据GB2763-2012《食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。结果 138份蔬菜、水果和粮食样品中16种有机磷农药残留全部合格样品116份,总合格率为84.1%。有机磷农药残留量检出率分别为粮食11.1%,蔬菜57.8%和水果33.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。有机磷农药残留超标率分别为蔬菜16.7%、水果16.7%和粮食11.1%,其中茎叶花菜类35.0%。不同季节样品有机磷农药残留检出率和超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。超市、农贸市场和农户3种不同来源样品有机磷农药残留量超标率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中有机磷农药残留均有检出,茎叶花菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重。     

唐山市售蔬菜和水果中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留情况

目的 了解唐山市售蔬菜及水果中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的情况.方法 在唐山市路北区和路南区的各大农贸市场及超市销售点通过网格布点法选取10个采样点(路北区取6个,路南区取4个)进行采样,采用酶抑制法对12种蔬菜(包括白菜、菠菜、韭菜、油菜、芹菜、蒜苔、西红柿、豆角、黄瓜、洋葱、胡萝卜、土豆)以及6种水果(包括苹果、梨、香蕉、草莓、橙子、桂圆)中的有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量进行测量.结果 共采集蔬菜样品240份,其中农药残留总检出率为97.9%,超标率3.75%.水果样品120份,其中农药残留总检出率为93.3%,超标率0%.各采样点间各种蔬菜、水果农药残留状况无明显差别.结论 唐山市售蔬菜、水果中普遍存在着有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留.     

哈尔滨市售蔬菜水果有机磷农药残留检测分析

目的为了解黑龙江省哈尔滨市售蔬菜水果有机磷农药残留情况,随机抽检330份样品,其中蔬菜200份,水果130份。方法全部样品按照GB/T5009.20-2003的方法进行7种有机磷农药的残留检测。结果蔬菜中共检测出甲胺磷、敌敌畏、氧化乐果和水胺硫磷4种有机磷农药,特别是国家禁用于蔬菜上的氧化乐果在20种蔬菜中均有检出,检出率为12.0%;本次蔬菜检测不合格率为17.0%,其中叶菜类、根茎类、瓜果菜类的不合格率分别占11.0%,0.5%,5.5%。水果中检测出甲胺磷、敌敌畏和氧化乐果3种有机磷农药,不合格率为3.08%。结论哈尔滨市蔬菜水果有机磷农药存在一定污染问题,应加强农药残留的监测。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.