极低体重早产儿动脉导管未闭的床旁外科治疗

目的 探讨极极低体重早产儿动脉导管未闭（PDA）床旁外科治疗的临床效果.方法 纳入24例诊断PDA的极低体重早产儿,行床旁开胸PDA结扎术,从术前准备、麻醉管理及手术方法三个方面分析极低体重早产儿床旁PDA手术的特点及临床疗效.结果 24例极低体重早产儿床旁手术均取得成功,平均手术时间为（30.8±12.5） min,出血量平均为（10.5±4.6）ml,呼吸机辅助平均时间为（6.4±2.5）d.术后平均动脉压均有不同程度升高,脉压增大.所有患儿术后顺利拔除气管插管,围术期无意外及明显并发症发生.术后6个月所有患儿均无动脉导管再通和肺炎发作.结论 对于极低体重早产儿,实施床旁PDA手术安全可行.     

危重早产儿动脉导管未闭的床旁外科治疗

目的:总结内科药物治疗无效的早产儿动脉导管未闭(patent ductus arteriosus,PDA)床旁外科手术的经验。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年10月,43例层流病房行床旁动脉导管结扎(或钳夹)术的手术过程及术后转归进行总结。结果:接受床旁动脉导管结扎(或钳夹)术的手术的早产PDA患儿共43例,男性28例、女性15例,胎龄26～34 w,出生体质量0.75～2.31 kg,平均1.44 kg。其中低出生体质量22例、极低出生体质量18例、超低出生体质量3例。手术时患儿年龄为3～30 d,平均7.2 d,体质量和出生体质量无明显差别。43例中有39例使用异丁苯丙酸治疗失败,4例因伴有严重出血倾向未予异丁苯丙酸而直接手术治疗。39例药物治疗的患儿中,治疗前均未发现药物治疗禁忌,但在治疗过程中出现肺出血、颅内出血及坏死性小肠结肠炎等并发症或者无效,而改行外科手术。术前43例中40例使用呼吸机辅助治疗,术前呼吸机治疗时间最长29 d,其中8例病情突然恶化行急诊手术。术后1例出现喉返神经损伤,所有患儿无术中死亡、无术中大出血等并发症。4例(9%)术后不能脱离呼吸机而死亡,其余均痊愈出院。结论:经内科保守治疗无效或内科药物治疗禁忌的早产儿PDA,行床旁动脉导管外科结扎(或钳夹)术是治疗早产儿PDA的相对安全有效的方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器和外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭的对比研究

目的　对比研究Amplatzer封堵器和外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)的疗效和费用 ,探讨Amplatzer封堵器治疗PDA的可行性。方法　 1999年 4月～ 2 0 0 0年 7月 ,在我院行外科手术治疗的PDA患者 6 9例 ,同期行Amplatzer封堵器治疗的PDA患者 111例。比较两种方法的疗效、费用等情况。结果　Amplatzer组技术成功率 98 2 % ,无并发症。未成功的 2例PDA患者均择期行手术治疗。外科手术组全部成功 ,无死亡。并发症为肺不张 7例 ,气胸 4例 ,冠状动脉空气栓塞 1例 ,心脏骤停 1例 ,喉返神经损伤 2例 ,术后再通 1例。 12例患者术中输血 2 0 0～ 80 0ml,平均输血 (483 3± 2 16 7)ml。Amplatzer组平均总费用显著高于外科组 ,其中手术费用相似 ,器材费用前者 (封堵器 )显著高于后者(P <0 0 1)。结论　Amplatzer封堵器在其适应证范围内可替代外科手术。降低Amplatzer封堵器的费用 ,有助于其更广泛应用。     

外科手术治疗先天性心脏病介入封堵术后并发症-附10例分析

目的:总结外科开胸手术方法治疗介入封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)、房间隔缺损(ASD)和室间隔缺损(VSD)术后并发症。方法:对1995年至2010年10例PDA、ASD、VSD采用介入封堵后出现并发症而进行外科手术治疗的病例进行回顾性分析。其中严重主动脉瓣反流、三尖瓣反流各1例,Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞2例,封堵器移位5例,介入装置释放困难1例。10例患者均采用全麻体外循环下心脏直视手术,取出堵闭器、矫治心脏畸形。结果:10例患者均成功取出堵闭器,心脏畸形矫治满意,外科手术中开放升主动脉全部自动复跳,顺利脱机。10例患者中9例术后恢复良好,1例因肾功能衰竭及多脏器功能衰竭死亡。结论:PDA、ASD及VSD介入封堵治疗创伤小,术后恢复快,疗效肯定,但也存在一定的手术风险和出现严重并发症的可能。及时地行外科手术可以避免病情恶化、矫治心脏畸形,术后心功能恢复良好。     

微导管微导丝技术治疗患儿极细小动脉导管未闭的临床应用

目的评价应用Amplatzer ductal occluder(ADOⅡ)封堵器配合微导管微导丝轨道技术介入封堵患儿极细小动脉导管未闭(PDA,术中造影测量直径<1 mm)的安全性及有效性。方法2017年4月10日至2019年12月20日中国医学科学院阜外医院共12例诊断为极细小PDA的患儿采用微导管微导丝轨道技术进行介入封堵治疗。所有患者均经超声心动图、心电图、X线胸片确诊后收住院进行介入封堵治疗,术后进行超声心动图、心电图、X线胸片门诊随访。结果12例患儿中男性4例,女性8例;年龄(3.7±1.5)岁;体重(16.4±5.4)kg。12例患儿PDA造影形态均为长管型,造影测量的PDA最窄处平均直径(0.8±0.1)mm,PDA平均长度(17.1±6.1)mm。12例患儿手术成功率12/12,术后即刻完全封堵率12/12,围术期无严重并发症发生。其中采用穿刺股动脉、股静脉建立全轨道法经股静脉入径顺行封堵1例、经股动脉入径逆行封堵5例,采用穿刺股动脉建立半轨道经股动脉入径逆行封堵6例。所有患者均完成6个月门诊随访,无严重并发症发生。结论应用ADOⅡ封堵器配合微导管微导丝轨道技术封堵儿童极细小PDA作为一种安全、有效的技术值得进一步临床推广。     

国产封堵器与外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭的比较

目的:比较国产封堵器与外科手术治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效、并发症和手术时间。方法:2002年1月~2006年12月我院应用国产封堵器介入治疗PDA患者79例,同期开胸手术治疗33例,比较两种疗法的主要并发症及远期疗效等。结果:介入治疗组技术成功率99%,并发血红蛋白尿1例,全组远期随访均保持优良生存,未成功的1例择期行开胸手术治疗。开胸手术组全部成功,并发症有:肺不张1例,胸腔积液2例,进行性血胸二次开胸止血1例,手术伤口感染1例,远期随访术后再通1例,肋骨骨髓炎1例,胸痛1例,均再次接受治疗。结论:国产封堵器介入治疗PDA安全可靠,创伤小、并发症少,远期疗效优良,在其适应证范围内可替代开胸手术。     

经导管封堵动脉导管未闭介入治疗后残余分流

目的探讨经导管封堵动脉导管未闭(PDA)介入治疗后残余分流的可行性和临床疗效。方法自1997年3月至2001年8月16例PDA介入治疗后残余分流的患者,其中男4例,女12例,平均年龄5.9±2.4岁(2～9岁),平均体重17.7±5.4kg(9～28kg),应用不同介入方法经动脉或静脉途径封堵残余分流,首次介入治疗与再次介入治疗的时间间隔平均为1.5±1.1年(1天～3.5年)。结果残余分流直径平均为2.7±0.9mm(1.2～5.0mm)。15例成功完成残余分流封堵术,1例失败,技术成功率为94%(15/16)。单纯应用Cook可控弹簧圈9例(其中双弹簧圈2例),Rashkind双面伞2例,Sidris纽扣式补片1例,Amplatzer蘑菇伞2例,同时应用Cook可控弹簧圈和Sidris纽扣式补片1例。封堵术后即刻造影,3例仍有少量残余分流,完全闭合率为80%(12/15)。平均手术时间为75.0±22.8min(45～120min),平均X线透视时间为10.4±3.9min(5～20min)。股动脉并发症1例,其余无并发症出现。封堵术后24h复查超声心动图,所有残余分流均完全闭合(100%),在平均2年随访中未出现残余分流再通、封堵器移位和左右肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管封堵PDA介入治疗后残余分流安全、疗效确切、创伤小,可作为外科手术治疗PDA介入治疗后残余分流的一种替代方法。     

中老年动脉导管未闭患者介入治疗139例分析

目的 分析中老年动脉导管未闭(PDA)患者的临床特征及探讨行经导管封堵治疗的安全性.方法 选择2000年1月至2009年4月在我科介入治疗的139例40岁以上PDA患者,男22例,女117例,年龄40～74(49.8±6.8)岁,术前心功能分级为Ⅰ级64例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级16例,Ⅳ级6例,分析中老年PDA患者临床特征及观察封堵PDA前后肺动脉压和心功能的改善情况.结果 139例患者中合并肺动脉高压107例,发生率为77.0%,3例严重肺动脉高压者不适宜手术治疗,其余136例均成功行介入治疗,成功率为97.8%.封堵PDA后主动脉造影显示残余分流微量14例,少量2例,中等量分流1例,无手术相关并发症.术后心功能显著改善,肺动脉收缩压由术前(47.3±23.9)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)降至(28.1±12.3)mm Hg,肺动脉平均压由(31.7±17.4)mm Hg降至(17.9±8.8)mm Hg(均P<0.01).结论 中老年PDA患者肺动脉高压发生率高,心功能差,经导管封堵中老年PDA是一种安全有效的方法 .     

国产磨菇伞型封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效及对心脏结构和功能的影响

经皮穿刺未闭动脉导管封堵术治疗动脉导管未闭 (PDA)有良好的近、中期疗效 ,且具有创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快等优点。本文旨在评价国产磨菇伞型封堵器治疗 PDA的疗效及对心脏结构和功能的影响。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　本组 1 8例均为 2 0 0 0年 8月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月在我院施行经皮穿刺 PDA封堵术的患者。其中男 5例 ,女 1 3例 ;平均年龄 (1 8.6± 1 2 .4)岁。经查体、胸片及超声心动图检查确诊为 PDA,其中 1例为外科术后动脉导管再通。并排除下列情况 :1重度肺动脉高压伴右向左分流 ;2伴有需外科手术的其他心脏畸形 ;3体重 …     

小儿合并中重度二尖瓣关闭不全的动脉导管未闭临床经验

目的:回顾性分析和总结动脉导管未闭(PDA)合并中重度二尖瓣关闭不全(MI)的治疗经验。方法:分析PDA合并中重度MI 59例患者的临床资料。年龄2个月~13岁,体质量4~32 kg,平均(9.1±4.8)kg。动脉导管未闭,主动脉端4.5~15 mm,平均(5.7±1.7)mm,肺动脉端3~14 mm,平均(9.1±2.5)mm。所有患者均合并中-重度MI,42例中度反流,17例重度反流。介入封堵27例;外科手术32例(3例因介入封堵失败转外科手术),外科手术患儿中有3例因合并有二尖瓣病理解剖病变经右侧开胸同期行PDA缝扎和二尖瓣成形术,其余29例经左胸后外侧行PDA缝扎术。结果:全组患者无死亡。出院超声心动图结果显示,PDA均无残余分流,二尖瓣反流较术前好转42(71.2%)例,明显改善至微少量反流有38(64.4%)例。出院后6个月复查49(83.1%)例二尖瓣反流较术前好转,43(72.9%)例明显好转至微-少量反流,3例行PDA缝扎+二尖瓣成形术的患者,二尖瓣由术前的重度反流变成微少量反流。56例单纯处理PDA患儿中,40(71.4%)例明显好转至微-少量反流。出院时较术前,LVEDD[(36.4±8.0)vs.(43.2±8.2)mm,P<0.001],LVESD[(23.5±5.1)vs.(26.2±6.0)mm,P<0.01],左心房内径[(20.6±6.8)vs.(28.2±9.3)mm,P<0.001]均较术前显著缩小。结论:对于PDA合并中重度MI的患者,单纯介入封堵或者外科手术缝扎PDA可改善功能性MI的程度。合并有二尖瓣病理解剖病变的患儿开胸一期行PDA缝扎和二尖瓣成形术可以取得良好的效果。     

Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery in a Preterm Infant: Presentation after Ligation of Ductus Arteriosus

Surgical or medical closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a very common practice in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, but often the coronary arteries are not delineated prior to closure. In this report, a 32‐week gestational age premature infant who underwent surgical ligation of a PDA developed new‐onset left ventricular systolic dysfunction. A repeat echocardiogram noted an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Successful left coronary artery reimplantation with rapid normalization of left ventricular systolic function occurred. As previously not reported, ligation of a PDA in a premature infant can unmask anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Surgical left coronary artery reimplantation is the mainstay of therapy and should be performed to establish normal coronary blood flow, even in a premature, low birth weight infant.     

Echocardiographic Assessment of Ductal Anatomy in Premature Infants—Lessons for Device Design

Objective: Echocardiographic analysis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), proximal left main pulmonary artery (LPA) and descending thoracic aorta (Ao) dimensions in preterm infants who undergo surgical ligation of the PDA. A discussion for percutaneous ductal occlusion in preterm infants. Methods: Echocardiographic analysis of the LPA diameter, PDA diameter, PDA length, and descending thoracic aorta diameter in 55 preterm infants who underwent surgical ligation of the PDA from 2004 to 2008. Patients were stratified by weight into four groups: those less than 750 g, 751–1,000 g, 1,001–1,250 g, and those greater than 1,250 g. Mean and standard deviation for each structure dimension was calculated in each weight group. Structural dimensions were compared between groups using ANOVA for multiple comparisions. Results: The mean patient weight was 1,018 g (560–2,400 g). The mean ductal length was 4.1 mm (2.5–5.3 mm). The mean ductal diameter was 2.2 mm (1.5–3.6 mm). The mean LPA diameter was 3 mm (1.5–4.5 mm). The mean aortic diameter was 4.3 mm (2.7–7.8 mm). The alpha value for between weight groups for PDA length was 0.21, PDA diameter 0.16, LPA diameter 0.39, and aortic diameter 0.1. Discussion: No statistical significance was seen when comparing structure dimension by weight. This suggests uniform structural dimensions across a broad weight distribution in this patient population. To date, there has been no attempt to standardize dimensions of these vascular structures. The information gathered in this study may be useful in developing an implantable device for ductal occlusion in preterm infants. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2010;27:575‐579)     

Effect of oral ibuprofen on patent ductus arteriosus in premature newborns

Background aim of the studyPatent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a common finding among premature infants, is conventionally treated by intravenous indomethacin. Intravenous ibuprofen was recently shown to be as effective and to have fewer adverse reactions in preterm infants. If equally effective, then oral ibuprofen for PDA closure would have several important advantages over the intravenous route. This study was designed to determine whether oral ibuprofen treatment is efficacious and safe in closure of a PDA in premature infants.Patients and methodsThirty-three premature group I (study group) were treated with ibuprofen 10 mg/kg administered through a feeding tube. Thirty-three premature group II (control group) receive placebo the two imaging procedures were again performed 24 h after each ibuprofen dose. When the PDA was still hemodynamically significant, as demonstrated by echocardiography, and there was no evidence of deterioration in brain ultrasonography, a second dose of ibuprofen 5 mg/kg (placebo for control) was administered. A third equivalent dose was given after another 24 h if necessary. Cranial ultrasound was repeated 1 week after the last ibuprofen dose and again before discharge from the ward. Hematochemical analysis was preformed daily in the unit during the first days of life.ResultsIn the study group the rate of PDA closure was 93.9% (31 of 33 cases) while in the control group the rate of PDA closure was 30.3% (10 of 33 cases) with significant difference in between. There was no reopening of the ductus after closure had been achieved. No infant required surgical ligation of the ductus in study group while in the control group 24.2% (8 of 33 cases) were required surgical ligation (Table 2). Twenty-one newborns were treated with 1 dose of ibuprofen, 9 were treated with 2 doses, and the remaining 3 were treated with 3 doses.ConclusionOral ibuprofen is an effective and safe alternative to intravenous ibuprofen for PDA closure in premature infants.     

介入技术和外科手术同期"复合"治疗先天性心脏病的临床研究

目的结合介入器械和外科手术,实施“复合（Hybrid）”技术对先天性心脏病实施治疗。方法2005年3-10月,20例先天性心脏病患者接受了术中Hybrid技术治疗。球囊扩张组包括3例室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁的新生儿和4例婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄。缺损封堵组13例,包括10例房间隔缺损和3例多发室间隔缺损。正中或右侧腋下小切口进胸,在超声引导下经右室流出道置入球囊扩张管扩张肺动脉瓣或经右心房置入封堵器。2例多发室间隔缺损于体外循环下经三尖瓣置入封堵器。合并的其他心脏病变同期常规外科矫正,术式包括部分性肺静脉异位引流矫正、动脉导管结扎、冠状动脉旁路移植术等。术后心脏超声随访。结果患者全部顺利出院。1例婴儿重度肺动脉瓣狭窄术后2个月接受常规右室流出道成形术,1例多发肌部室间隔缺损因无法置入封堵器而转为常规术式。其余患者均顺利实施Hybrid术式。随访期内未发现介入器材相关的并发症。结论“复合”Hybrid技术可以避免体外循环,减少手术创伤,对于提高先天性心脏病的疗效具有重要的意受．     

Surgical Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants

Background and Aim of the Study. In many preterm low‐birth‐weight infants, ductus arteriosus fails to close spontaneously. This study evaluates the results of surgical ligation of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm low birth weight infants. Methods. We reviewed the medical records of all infants undergoing surgical closure of PDA from January 1987 to December 2005. Demographic data, age and weight at operation, surgical technique to close PDA and outcome were analyzed. Results. One hundred and forty‐five infants underwent surgical closure of PDA in which either indomethacin treatment had failed or was contraindicated. The mean gestational age was 25.5 ± 2.3 (range 24–36 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 837.7 ± 277.2 g (450–1000 g). The average age and weight at operation were 14.1 (±1.8) days and 881.7 g (±338.1), respectively. PDA was surgically closed by left thoracotomy using either nonabsorbable suture (73%) or hemoclips (27%). Postoperative complications occurred in 10 patients, which included intraoperative bleeding (6), pneumothorax (1), left vocal cord paralysis (1), lymphatic leak (1), and injury to left phrenic nerve (1). There was no mortality related to surgical closure of PDA. Conclusion. We conclude that surgical closure of hemodynamically significant PDA is safe and effective in preterm low birth weight infants when pharmacological treatment is ineffective or contraindicated. The associated morbidity is minimal and no surgery‐related mortality was observed.     

Noninvasive assessment of indomethacin therapy in patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants

We performed 138 serial two-dimensional (2-D), M-mode, and Doppler echocardiographic studies to assess the efficacy of intravenous indomethacin (INDO) therapy for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 41 preterm infants. Nine infants expired without sufficient echo data to warrant inclusion in the study. Of the remaining 32 infants, 12 (Group 1) required ligation despite INDO therapy, 18 (Group 2) responded to INDO or spontaneously closed their PDAs, and 2 were transferred to other hospitals with their PDAs still open and were lost to follow-up. The presence of PDA was verified by 2-D echo visualization of the ductus (high parasternal short-axis views) and Doppler demonstration of high velocity ductal flow toward the main pulmonary artery. The ratio of PDA lumen to aortic root inner diameter (Ao) was measured as well. Indication for surgical ligation was failure of the PDA to close after 3 or more courses of INDO. In Group 1, the PDA/Ao ratio was 0.45 +/- 0.10 standard error of the mean (SEM) pre-INDO, and 0.40 +/- 0.12 SEM post-INDO (immediately before ligation). In Group 2, the PDA/Ao ratio was 0.42 +/- 0.11 SEM pre-INDO, and 0.19 +/- 0.14 SEM at the end of INDO course (p less than 0.001), with 12 infants showing no ductal flow by Doppler. Follow-up six months after INDO therapy has shown no residual murmurs or other evidence of PDA in any INDO-closed infant. Five of the 18 infants have undergone repeated echocardiographic studies, all of which were negative for PDA patency or flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Closure of the ductus arteriosus with indomethacin in ventilated neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Effects of pulmonary compliance and ventilation

The reported effects of indomethacin on pulmonary compliance are variable depending upon the patient population and on the degree to which indomethacin resulted in successful ductal closure. Eleven fluid-restricted, furosemide-treated premature infants being mechanically ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who also had a significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) had pulmonary function testing performed before and after successful closure of the PDA. The diagnosis of a significant PDA was made by clinical and echocardiographic criteria. Indomethacin was administered at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/dose every 12 to 18 h for 1 to 3 doses. To control for the 48-h time interval to achieve ductal closure, nine premature infants being ventilated for RDS but who did not have a significant PDA also had pulmonary function evaluations performed before and after the 48 h. Also, to control for the independent effect of fluid restriction and diuretic therapy on pulmonary compliance, eight such premature infants with a PDA had pulmonary function evaluations performed at a 48-h interval. Successful closure of the ductus with indomethacin was associated with an improvement in compliance and ventilation parameters in all infants in the indomethacin-treated infants. In the indomethacin-treated group, the mean percent improvements were noted in the following parameters: CLdyn, 59.2%; CLI, 78.3%; CLE, 63.3%; VT, 63.3%; VE, 54.6%. There were no significant changes in the pulmonary functions in the 48-h RDS or the 48-h PDA fluid-restricted, furosemide-treated control groups. In conclusion, successful closure of the ductus with indomethacin causes a significant improvement in compliance and ventilation parameters in infants being mechanically ventilated for RDS.