超声二维应变评价慢性心力衰竭患者右室心肌纵向收缩功能

目的:应用二维应变技术研究慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者右室心肌的应变能力。方法:对31例CHF患者及31例正常人进行超声心动图检查,经胸采集并存储3个心动周期的标准心尖四腔二维图形。运用EchoPAC超声工作站进行脱机分析,在二维应变模式下测量右室游离壁及室间隔右室面基底段、中间段及心尖段的纵向收缩期峰值应变和右室整体收缩期峰值应变。比较各收缩期峰值应变在两组间的差异。同时测量并分析右室面积变化率和右室射血分数与右室整体收缩峰值应变的相关性。结果:CHF组右室游离壁及室间隔基底段、中间段、心尖段及右室整体收缩期峰值应变均较正常对照组显著减低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。右室整体收缩期峰值应变与右室面积变化率及右室射血分数均呈正相关(r=0.567,P0.01;r=0.546,P0.01)。结论:CHF患者的右室心肌纵向收缩功能减低。     

二维斑点追踪技术评价2型糖尿病患者右室心肌功能与心外膜脂肪厚度的相关性研究

目的:探讨应用二维斑点追踪技术评价2型糖尿病患者右室心肌功能与心外膜脂肪厚度(EAT)的相关性。方法:选取2018年5月-2018年12月我院收治的2型糖尿病患者60例作为糖尿病组,另外选取40例健康志愿者作为对照组,应用二维斑点追踪技术测量心尖四腔切面右室游离壁及室间隔的基底段、中间段、心尖段收缩期各节段纵向应变值,比较2组右室收缩期各节段纵向应变值差异,以及糖尿病组EAT与右室收缩期各节段应变值的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,糖尿病组EAT显著增厚,右室游离壁的基底段、中间段及室间隔的基底段、中间段收缩期纵向应变值减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),右室游离壁及室间隔的心尖段收缩期纵向应变值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。相关分析显示,糖尿病组EAT与右室游离壁及室间隔的基底段、中间段收缩期纵向应变值负相关,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.53、-0.49、-0.57、-0.59,P0.05),EAT与低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、BMI呈正相关(r=0.55、0.49,P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,EAT是右室收缩期心肌纵向应变功能的独立影响因素(P0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病患者右室心肌功能受损,EAT越厚,右室心肌功能受损害更为严重,2型糖尿病患者EAT与右室心肌结构和功能具有密切相关性。     

二维斑点追踪技术评价急性肺栓塞患者右心室舒张功能的临床研究

目的应用二维斑点追踪（2D—STI）技术评价急性肺栓塞（APE）患者的右心室舒张功能。方法CT肺动脉造影（CTPA）和肺通气灌注显像确诊的急性肺栓塞患者35例,正常对照组30名。应用STI技术测量右室游离壁基底段、中间段、心尖段3个节段纵向舒张早期峰值应变率（SRe）、舒张晚期峰值应变率（SRa）及SRe／SRa。常规超声心动图测量右室舒张末横径（RVED）、右室前壁厚度（RVAW）、三尖瓣舒张早期血流峰值速度（E）和晚期血流峰值速度（A）,并计算E／A比值。结果与正常对照组比较,APE组SRe、SRe／SRa、三尖瓣E峰、E／A减低（P〈0．05）,SRa、RVED、RVAW、三尖瓣A峰增大（P〈0．05）。结论急性肺栓塞患者右室舒张功能受损,二维斑点追踪技术能够定量评价右室舒张功能。     

二维应变成像评价酒精性心肌病右心室纵向功能的价值

目的：应用二维应变成像（2DSI）技术评价酒精性心肌病（ACM）右心室纵向功能的临床应用价值。方法：酒精性心肌病患者32例,正常对照组35例。对两组行常规超声参数及2DSI参数测定,收缩期参数包括：右心室游离壁基底段、中间段和心尖段收缩期的位移峰值（D）、收缩期应变峰值（S）、收缩期应变率峰值（SRs）;舒张期参数包括：舒张早期应变率峰值（SRe）、舒张晚期应变率峰值（SRa）。结果：常规超声参数比较,ACM组右心室前后径（RVEDd）与对照组比较明显增加（P〈0．05）,两组间右室射血分数（RVEF）无统计学差异。2DSI参数比较,ACM组D、S、SRs、SRe和SRa等参数与对照组比较均显著减低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：2DSI可作为有效评价酒精性心肌病右心室纵向功能的一种无创性的新方法。     

三维斑点追踪技术评价冠心病早期患者左室局部收缩功能

目的应用三维斑点追踪技术(3D-STE)观察冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)早期患者左心室各节段面积应变峰值及达峰时间,评价其左室局部收缩功能。方法选取2017年7月至2018年6月就诊于青岛市市立医院拟诊断为冠心病患者118例,根据冠脉造影检查选出病例组35例和对照组30例,其中病例组分为三组,左前降狭窄组(LAD)15例,左回旋狭窄组(LCX)11例,右冠脉狭窄组(RCA)9例。经胸采集心尖四腔心切面的左室全容积三维动态图像存储,应用3DT分析软件进行脱机分析,得出左心室16节段的面积应变峰值(PAS)及整体面积应变峰值(PAS-glo),左心室16节段面积应变达峰时间(TAS)及整体面积应变达峰时间(TAS-glo)。比较冠心病患者与正常对照组上述指标之间的差异。结果病例组与正常对照组的面积应变曲线的形态和走形趋势基本一致。与正常组比较,病例组狭窄冠脉所对应支配的节段面积应变峰值明显降低,达峰时间延长,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。LAD组前间隔基底段、前间隔中间段、室间隔中间段的PAS降低,前壁基底段、前间隔基底段、前壁中间段、前间隔中间段、室间隔中间段的TAS延长;LCX组后壁基底段、侧壁基底段、后壁中间段的PAS降低,后壁基底段、下壁基底段、后壁中间段、侧壁中间段的TAS延长;RCA组室间隔基底段、下壁中间段的PAS降低,室间隔基底段、下壁基底段、下壁中间段TAS延长。整体面积应变与正常组相比无明显降低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论三维斑点追踪技术可以准确评价冠心病早期患者的左室局部应变的异常,从而评价其左室局部收缩功能。     

超声二维斑点追踪成像技术评价2型糖尿病患者右心室局部纵向收缩功能

目的应用超声二维斑点追踪成像(speckle tracking imaging,STI)技术评价2型糖尿病患者右心室心肌纵向收缩功能。方法将115例糖尿病患者按并发症分成四组,无并发症组35例(I组),伴微血管并发症44例(Ⅱ组),伴周围大血管并发症19例(Ⅲ组),在Ⅱ组或Ⅲ组基础上合并有冠心病和(或)脑梗死17例(Ⅳ组),正常对照者46例(NC组)。应用STI技术分别观察右心室游离壁基底段、中间段和心尖段纵向收缩峰值位移速度(VL)、收缩期蜂值应变(SL)及应变率(Sr L)、整体的应变、应变率参数。结果 2型糖尿病Ⅳ组右心室游离壁基底段、中间段和心尖段的VL及SL测值均明显低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组基底段、心尖段的SL测值均低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组心尖段的SL测值明显低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组心尖段的Sr L测值低于对照组(P<0.05),而糖尿病各组间Sr L值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。正常人右心室游离壁基底段和中间段SL高于心尖段,且中间段略高于基底段,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超声二维斑点追踪技术可定量评估2型糖尿病患者右心室各节段收缩功能的指标。     

心肌超声速度向量成像技术对法洛四联症胎儿右心功能的初步研究

目的:应用速度向量成像(VVI)技术评价法洛四联症(TOF)胎儿右心室整体及局部心肌功能。方法:选取2010年8月至2015年11月,在我院产前行胎儿超声心动图检查并诊断为TOF的胎儿24例,平均孕周(24.9±2.7)周。应用常规超声参数三尖瓣环收缩期位移(TAPSE)、右心室面积变化分数(RVFAC)测量右心室整体功能,应用VVI技术测量右心室纵向整体及节段心肌(右心室侧壁基底段、中间段、心尖段及室间隔侧基底段、中间段、心尖段)的收缩期峰值应变(S)及应变率(SR),结果与同孕周的48例正常胎儿进行比较。结果:TOF胎儿组TAPSE、RVFAC与正常胎儿组比较无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);TOF组胎儿右心室壁整体及节段心肌应变及应变率较正常对照组均明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:TOF患儿右心功能在胎儿期即出现明显减低。VVI技术可定量评价TOF胎儿右心室整体及局部心肌功能。     

组织多普勒成像技术对肥厚型心肌病心室间和右心室内心肌收缩同步运动的评价

目的:应用组织多普勒成像技术评价肥厚型心肌病(HCM)心室间和右心室内心肌收缩同步性。方法:连续观察肥厚型心肌病(HCM组)患者33例和健康志愿者(正常对照组)23例的动态组织多普勒图像,取样容积分别置于心尖四腔心切面房室瓣水平的左心室游离壁、室间隔、右心室游离壁,以及右心室游离壁基底段、中间段,测量从QRS波起始点到收缩期峰值的时间,并对两组结果进行分析。结果:HCM组与正常对照组比较,达峰时间在左心室游离壁、室间隔、右心室游离壁、右心室游离壁中间段及基底段均显著延迟,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);右心室游离壁与左心室游离壁达峰时间的差值、右心室游离壁与室间隔达峰时间的差值、室间隔与左心室游离壁达峰时间的差值、右心室游离壁基底段与中间段达峰时间的差值均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:HCM患者存在心室间和右心室内心肌收缩不同步性。     

二维斑点追踪技术评价肺栓塞患者右心室收缩功能的价值

目的：观察急性肺栓塞（APE）患者右室壁心肌应变的特点,探讨二维斑点追踪技术（2D STI）在评价 APE 右室收缩功能中的价值。方法将CT肺动脉造影（CTPA）确诊的APE患者78例分为高危组（21例）、中危组（29例）与低危组（28例）,以健康体检正常者30例为对照组。应用2D STI 技术分别测量右室侧壁及室间隔的基底段、中间段、心尖段心肌纵向收缩峰值应变（PSS）。结果中、高危组右室侧壁及室间隔各节段心肌PSS均低于对照组（P〈0.05）;中、高危组间各节段心肌 PSS差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。低危组右室侧壁中间段及室间隔基底段、中间段心肌 PSS 低于对照组（P〈0.05）。高危组各节段心肌 PSS均低于低危组（P〈0.05）;中危组右室侧壁基底段、心尖段及室间隔心尖段低于低危组（P〈0.05）,其他节段与低危组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论2D STI技术可准确、敏感反应 APE患者右室收缩功能变化,为临床评价右心功能提供较好的检测方法。     

妊娠期糖尿病对新生儿左心室功能的影响探讨

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对新生儿左心室功能的影响。方法 选取2022年1月至7月钦州市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的GDM母亲分娩的98例足月新生儿作为GDM组,根据母亲孕期血糖控制情况进一步将GDM组分为血糖控制达标组(63例)和血糖控制不达标组(35例)。选择同期收治的非GDM母亲分娩的足月新生儿383例作为对照组。比较两组新生儿血清心肌酶谱指标、室间隔厚度以及室间隔各节段(基底段室间隔、中间段室间隔、心尖段室间隔)收缩期峰值应变水平。结果 GDM组和对照组新生儿乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,GDM组新生儿室间隔厚度增大,基底段、中间段及心尖段的室间隔应变均较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与血糖控制达标组相比,血糖控制不达标组新生儿室间隔厚度增大,基底段、中间段及心尖段的室间隔应变均较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 GDM母亲娩出新生儿的室间隔较正常足月儿厚,且存在左室心肌力学改变,血糖控制不达标者改变程度更明显。临床医...     

甲亢性心脏病68例入院时临床特点分析

目的 :了解因甲亢性心脏病 (甲亢心 )入院患者的临床情况 ,分析其特点 ,为甲亢心的诊断、防治工作提供参考。方法 :搜集分析本院既往 11年因甲亢心入院患者的各项资料。结果 :入选者共6 8例 (男 31,女 37)。临床表现主要包括 :心律失常 5 1例 (以心房纤颤多见 )、心力衰竭 5 0例 (以全心衰最常见 )。结论 :甲亢心临床表现无特异性 ,需仔细与其他心血管疾病鉴别     

Hyperthyroidism and mitral valve prolapse: comparative two-dimensional echocardiography study of a hyperthyroid and a control population totalling 104 patients

Recent studies seem to demonstrate a higher incidence of mitral valve prolapse in hyperthyroid patients. A complete cardiological check-up including 2D echocardiography was performed in 52 hyperthyroid patients and 52 control subjects. In the hyperthyroid population, mitral valve prolapse was diagnosed 3 times, 5,8 p. 100 of cases. These 3 subjects were female; hyperthyroidism was nodular in 2 cases: Grave's disease was only present in 1 case. Hyperthyroidism was very active at the time of the echocardiographic study in those 3 patients. In the control group, mitral valve prolapse was observed in 4 cases (7.7 p. 100). These 4 patients were all female. The results of this study do not show a higher incidence of mitral valve prolapse in the hyperthyroid population than in the control group. Grave's disease was not more prevalent in hyperthyroid patients with mitral valve prolapse. On the other hand, there were significantly more female patients with MVP in both the hyperthyroid and control populations.     

Protein metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue from hyperthyroid patients after preoperative treatment with antithyroid drug or selective beta-blocking agent. Results from a prospective, randomized study

Protein metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue was studied in three groups of patients undergoing thyroid surgery: group I (n = 8), hyperthyroid patients preoperatively treated with an antithyroid drug and T4; group II (n = 8), hyperthyroid patients preoperatively treated with the beta 1-selective adrenoreceptor blocking agent metoprolol; group III (n = 5), euthyroid patients operated on for nodular goiter or adenoma. The study was prospective and hyperthyroid patients were randomly allocated to one of the two preoperative regimens. During operation a biopsy was taken from the sternohyoid muscle and rates of protein synthesis and degradation were measured in incubated muscle tissue. Clinical improvement was equal in the two groups of hyperthyroid patients during preoperative treatment but serum T3 concentrations remained elevated in patients treated with metoprolol. Thus, these patients were biochemically hyperthyroid at the time of operation. The rate of protein degradation was significantly higher in hyperthyroid patients treated with metoprolol than in patients of groups I and III. A significant positive correlation was found between serum T3 and rate of protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Protein synthesis rates were similar in the three groups of patients. This study demonstrated for the first time increased proteolysis in skeletal muscle tissue from patients with high serum T3 concentrations. The results indicate that changes of skeletal muscle protein metabolism in hyperthyroid patients are not normalized by beta 1-blockade despite the fact that this treatment effectively controlled symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism.     

Association of serum paraoxonase activity with insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress in hyperthyroid and TSH-suppressed nodular goitre patients

OBJECTIVE: Low serum paraoxonase (PON) activity is thought to be a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The present study was designed to evaluate PON1 activity and its relationship with preatherosclerotic markers such as lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance in hyperthyroid patients before and after propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment and in subjects with iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: Twenty patients with hyperthyroidism, 20 patients with euthyroid multinodular goiter (MNG) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Insulin sensitivity index, PON activity and lipid peroxidation were measured at baseline and 2 months after achieving euthyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Levothyroxine was given as a part of TSH suppression therapy in multinodular goitre patients. MEASUREMENTS: Insulin sensitivity was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) formula, serum paraoxonase activity was determined with a spectrophotometric method. Lipid peroxidation was measured by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). RESULTS: ISI was significantly lower in the hyperthyroid group than baseline levels in MNG patients and controls (P < 0.001). While ISI increased after treatment in the hyperthyroid group (P < 0.01), it significantly decreased with L-T4 treatment in the MNG group (P < 0.01). Serum paraoxonase activity was significantly lower in the hyperthyroid group before treatment than baseline and final measurements of other groups (P < 0.05). While PON activity increased after restoration of the euthyroid state in the hyperthyroid group (P < 0.05), it decreased with L-T4 treatment in the MNG group (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in hyperthyroid group compared to baseline levels of other groups (P < 0.05). It decreased after treatment in the hyperthyroid group (P < 0.05) but a significant increase was observed following L-T4 treatment in the MNG group (P < 0.05). Serum paraoxonase activity was found to be negatively correlated with serum TT4 (r = -0.32, P = 0.003), TT3 levels (r = -0.31, P = 0.004), TBARs levels (r = 0.32, P = 0.003) and positively correlated with ISI (r = 0.35, P = 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (r = 0.35, P = 0.0011) in the hyperthyroid and MNG groups. CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic thyroid hormone excess seems to mimic the effects of endogenous thyroid hormone excess on paraoxonase activity, insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that TSH suppression with levothyroxine may increase oxidative stress and LDL oxidation and thereby promote atherogenesis.     

Dissociation of leptin and body weight in hyperthyroid patients after radioiodine treatment

OBJECTIVE: Leptin regulates energy production rates and body weight, which are frequently altered in hyperthyroidism. Data on a possible interaction between leptin and thyroid hormones are controversial. We assessed leptin serum concentrations, BMI, proportional fat tissue mass and thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients in a long-term follow-up after radioiodine therapy. DESIGN: The study included 28 hyperthyroid patients (mean age 66 y) before and up to one y after radioiodine therapy. Leptin and thyroid hormones, general parameters, BMI, proportional fat tissue (PFT) measurements by DEXA and thyroid morphology were recorded. Twenty-four age-matched euthyroid individuals (mean age 63 y) served as controls. RESULTS: At baseline, leptin concentrations were significantly decreased in all hyperthyroid patients as compared to controls. One year after radioiodine therapy, 71% of the patients were euthyroid (group A) and 29% remained hyperthyroid (group B). BMI and PFT increased in both groups. While leptin concentrations remained low in group B, they normalised in group A after 6 to 12 months. Changes in leptin and thyroid hormone concentrations were positively correlated in group A patients (r=0.49, P=0.03) but not in patients remaining hyperthyroid. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate a dissociation in the regulation of plasma leptin and BMI as well as proportional fat tissue in hyperthyroid patients which may be attributable to differences in lean and adipose mass weight gain after radioiodine therapy or direct influences of thyroid hormones on leptin regulation. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 115-120     

Reference values for thyroid 24 hours 123I uptake

To establish references for thyroid 24 h 123I uptake value (TUV), we reviewed 475 patients who had free T4 and TSH dosages, and TUV measured 24h after the administration of 123I. The patients were separated in 3 groups: hyperthyroid, euthyroid and hypothyroid, according to thyroid hormone results. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the TUVs were calculated for each group. We used the unpaired T test to compare the means and ROC curves to evaluate the best TUV to separate the groups. The mean and SD of TUVs for the groups were: hyperthyroid (36.5% +/- 16.5%), euthyroid (14.4% +/- 5.48%) and hypothyroid (13.7% +/- 7.5%). The unpaired T test showed statistically significant difference between hyperthyroid and euthyroid groups (p < 0.01). There was no significative difference between hypothyroid and euthyroid groups (p = 0.55). The 23% TUV has the best sensitivity (80%)/specificity (93%) ratio to separate hyperthyroid from euthyroid groups. There was not a good TUV to separate euthyroid form hypothyroid groups. In conclusion, it can be established 23% as the optimal superior limit for the normal uptake values. However, it was not possible to establish a suitable inferior limit, due to the expressive overlay of TUVs of hypothyroid and euthyroid groups.     

Serum osteocalcin is increased in patients with hyperthyroidism and decreased in patients receiving glucocorticoids

Osteocalcin (OC) is a vitamin K-dependent protein which is synthesized by osteoblasts and is present in the circulation. We measured serum OC concentrations in 10 patients receiving corticosteroids (CS) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in 9 hyperthyroid (HT) patients. Mean values ( +/- SE) were as follows: There was a significant correlation between OC and alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.607; P = 0.006) when CS and HT groups were combined. Elevated serum OC concentrations in hyperthyroid patients may reflect increased osteoblastic activity, while decreased levels in corticosteroid-treated patients may reflect decreased osteoblastic activity.     

Enhancement of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation in hyperthyroidism

OBJECTIVE: Vascular responsiveness changes in hyperthyroid patients remains controversial. This study attempts to determine whether the vasomotor activity can be influenced by hyperthyroid conditions, and, if so, whether changes induced by hyperthyroidism may be restored to normal during the euthyroid state after treatment. DESIGN: A case-control clinical study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Forty-five pretreated hyperthyroid patients (mean age 36.62 +/- 10.12 years, 36 female) were compared with 45 gender- and age-matched control subjects (mean age 38.98 +/- 11.17 years, 40 female). Brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD) responses were assessed noninvasively by high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Among the 45 hyperthyroid patients, 27 patients underwent the same procedures prospectively in the post-treatment euthyroid state. RESULTS: The FMD values were significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients vs. those of controls (8.94 +/- 5.65%vs. 3.77 +/- 3.42%, P < 0.001), whereas NMD levels were not significantly different (18.17 +/- 7.76%vs. 17.28 +/- 6.63%, P = 0.560). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of hyperthyroidism was the only significant factor associated with FMD. In the follow-up study of 27 hyperthyroid patients, the FMD values were significantly decreased in the post-treatment euthyroid state compared with those in the pretreated hyperthyroid state (6.40 +/- 4.27%vs. 8.83 +/- 4.61%, P = 0.021), although these values were still higher than those of controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that endothelium-dependent FMD was increased in the hyperthyroid patients, and could be partially restored by treatment with antithyroid agents.     

Radioactive Iodine for Thyrotoxicosis in Childhood and Adolescence: Treatment and Outcomes

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of radioiodine treatment in thyrotoxicosis in childhood and adolescence.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 27 patients (ages 7.2- 19.8 years) with a diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis who received iodine-131 (I-131) treatment from January 2007 to December 2011 in the Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. Gender, duration of antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment, 24-hour I-131 uptake, thyroid weight, total dose and number of treatments with I-131, and thyroid status at 6 months after treatment were recorded.Results: The outcomes of 27 patients (85.2% female, 14.8% male) treated with radioactive iodine were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of therapy as related to dose and gland size. All children and adolescents received 150 µCi of I-131/g of thyroid tissue (n=27). Six 6 months after treatment, 44.5% of the patients were hyperthyroid, 14.8% were euthyroid, and 40.7% were hypothyroid. Of the 12 cases with hyperthyroidism, 2 cases needed a second dose of I-131 treatment, and they finally reached a hypothyroid state. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to treatment success (euthyroid and hypothyroid) and treatment failure (hyperthyroid). There were no significant differences in age, gender, duration of ATD treatment, 2- and 24-hour I-131 uptake, thyroid weight, and total I-131 dose between these two groups.Conclusions: Radioiodine treatment is safe and effective for thyrotoxicosis in childhood and adolescence. It is suitable as a good second-line therapy for patients with severe complications, those who show poor compliance, and those who fail to respond to ATD treatment. . Conflict of interest:None declared.     

Bone turnover and cortical bone mineral density in the distal radius in patients with hyperthyroidism being treated with antithyroid drugs for various periods of time

OBJECTIVE: Whether patients, who have lost bone mass, can be restored to age-matched control levels by some means is still controversial. We investigated how the thyroid status after antithyroid drug therapy for various periods of time affects bone metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism by assessing currently used biochemical markers of bone turnover and distal radius bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN AND PATIENTS: The biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD at the distal one third of the radius were measured in 79 women with hyperthyroidism treated with antithyroid drugs for various periods of time. The patients were divided into two groups according to thyroid function at the time of study: a hyperthyroid group (serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) < 0.4 mU/l) and an euthyroid group (TSH 0.4-4.0 mU/l). Second, each group was further divided according to the duration of therapy: short-term (less than 3 years) and long-term (3 or more years). MEASUREMENTS: Urinary type I collagen degradation products (CTx) were measured by the CrossLapsTM ELISA kit. Urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpyr) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after acid hydrolysis. Serum N-mid osteocalcin (OCN-mid) was measured by a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was determined by routine laboratory methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the distal one third of the radius was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; DCS-600EX, Aloka, Tokyo). RESULTS: There were statistically significant positive correlations of FT3 and FT4 with the biochemical markers of bone turnover. There were significant negative correlations between the biochemical markers and BMD only in patients undergoing long-term therapy. In a comparison between hyperthyroid and euthyroid groups based on duration of treatment (long-term and short-term), and in a comparison without regard for length of treatment (all patients), it was evident that ALP and CTx levels were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid than in the euthyroid groups. Significantly lower BMD Z-scores in the hyperthyroid group compared to those in the euthyroid group were observed only in patients undergoing long-term therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary type I collagen degradation products were a sensitive marker for evaluating the bone turnover in patients with hyperthyroidism. Our data suggested that it might be important to control the levels of TSH within normal ranges during long-term antithyroid drug therapy in order to prevent bone loss.