Endoluminal protection of colorectal anastomosis by Coloshield. Apropos of 14 cases

Ideal exeresis with immediate anastomosis protected by an endoluminal shield (Coloshield) was performed in a series of 14 patients with left colic lesions for which the classical treatment would have been exeresis without anastomosis. No post-operative anastomotic fistulas were observed; one case of secondary stenosis of the anastomosis was treated successfully by endoscopic dilatation. The results of this series suggest that this technique is a reliable method of internal intestinal by-pass which offers real progress by allowing left colon exeresis with immediate anastomosis even in case with unfavourable local conditions.     

Prevention of dumping syndrome after distal gastrectomy in peptic ulcer

Operations were performed on 386 patients with peptic ulcer by a method suggested by the authors for gastric resection with formation of a sphincter in the region of the anastomosis. In 18 patients a Billroth II anastomosis was reconstructed into a Billroth I anastomosis by the authors' modification in severe dumping syndrome. Complex examination was conducted in late-term postoperative periods in 324 patients after primary resection and in 18 after reconstructive operation. A mild dumping syndrome was found in 9 (2.8%) and 3 patients, respectively. The results of the study show that if the authors' requirements regarding the volume and method of gastric resection are abided by, there is no doubt that the suggested method has advantages over the classical method in that the reservoir function of the stomach is maintained, hydrochloric acid secretion reduces to a state of hypo- or normoacidity, and the peristaltic component of evacuation is preserved due to the formed functionally active anastomosis.     

Reanimation of the paralyzed face by indirect hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis

BACKGROUND: The results of indirect hypoglossal facial nerve anastomosis with interposition of a free nerve graft, end-to-end to the periferal facial nerve stump, and end-to-side to the hypoglossal nerve are prospectively evaluated. This technique is supposed to overcome loss of hypoglossal function. METHODS: Tongue function in 39 consecutive patients and facial reanimation in 29 patients who completed 24 months follow-up were assessed. Facial nerve function was judged using the House-Brackmann (HB) grading system. RESULTS: Tongue movements were normal in all operated on patients. Initial facial movements occurred on average 7.5 months postoperatively. The results were graded HB II in 6 (20.9%), HB III in 13 (44.6%), HB IV in 7 (24.1%), HB V in 2 (6.8%) patients, and HB VI in 1 (3.4%) patient. The results were significantly better in young patients and when a short time interval between paralysis and surgery existed. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect hypoglossal-facial anastomosis is the preferred technique in most patients for whom the classical direct hypoglossofacial anastomosis is indicated.     

Possibilities of splenorenal anastomosis in portal hypertension]

The classical splenorenal shunt of Linton modified by Clatworthy is definitely superior to portocaval anastomosis. Between 1968 and 1976 in 225 patients with bleeding oesophageal varices a splenorenal anastomosis was performed in 47 cases, a portocaval in 30 cases and a mesentericocaval in 2 cases. There were 55 palliative operations as compared with 91 conservative therapeutic approaches. Over the last five years central termino-lateral splenorenal anastomses have been performed almost exclusively.     

Choledochoenterostomy with an anti-reflux mechanism

A new technique of choledochoenterostomy was devised to solve some of the problems of enterobiliary anastomosis with a normal calibre. The distal extremity of the common bile duct is completely surrounded by the bowel mucosa to a length of 3 cm after seromyectomy of a bowel wall rectangle of 4 × 1 cm. Experimental studies in rats and dogs demonstrated that this procedure prevents the risks of anastomotic disruption and functions like a mechanical unidirectional valve, which has great efficacy in stopping enterobiliary reflux. Studies in ten patients with obstructive jaundice with an extrahepatic biliary dilation less than 1.2 cm diameter submitted to this procedure Confirmed the experimental results. All patients were asymptomatic, without jaundice and with normalization of the liver enzymes after 2 months. The permeability of the valvular anastomosis studied by cholangiography, the HIDA ^99mTc test and manometry was quite similar to other classical biliary-enteric anastomosis. In contrast, anti-reflux efficacy was only demonstrated in patients with a valvular anastomosis.     

A present-day approach to surgery for the formation of crossed femoro-femoral shunts in unilateral occlusions of the ilio-femoral venous segment (indications, principles of the surgical technique)

As distinct from the classical Palme-D'Esperon operation in which the anastomosis is established with the common femoral vein, the authors prefer to form the anastomosis in the region of the saphenofemoral communication in inadequate drainage in the iliofemoral segment in patients with the postthrombotic disease. Seven variants of crossed femorofemoral shunting (CFFS) were carried out. The anastomoses were formed by means of precision techniques; an operating microscope was used when the anastomosis measured less than 5 mm in diameter. The CFFS was found to be patent in follow-up periods of up to 2.5 years in all cases. From analysis of the late-term results of CFFS, the authors claim that functional block of venous drainage from the femoro-iliac segment, rather than anatomical occlusion, is the indication for this operation.     

切除食管癌两种消化道重建方式术后胃食管反流的对比观察

目的：探讨食管癌切除后胃经食管床和经胸作弓上吻合者术后发生胃食管反流的差别。方法：对２５例病人在术后１～３个月间进行了残留食管内的２４小时ｐＨ监测。结果：（１）两种消化道重建方式病人的ｐＨ总得分、２４小时的总反流次数、＞５分钟的反流次数、最长反流时间和ｐＨ＜４的总时间均超出正常范围。（２）将食管床组和胸内组相比较，２４小时总反流次数差异无显著性（Ｐ＞００５），而其余４项指标食管床组明显低于胸内组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论：（１）两种消化道重建方式术后均在存胃食管反流。（２）胃经食管床吻合术后的反流量和反流持续时间明显低于胃经胸弓上吻合术。（３）胃经食管床吻合病人可以获得较好的生活质量。     

Long-term results of invaginated ileotransversoanastomosis

The authors make an analysis of surgical treatment of 24 patients with right hemicolectomy and the formation of ileotransversoanastomosis. Depending on the method of the formation of interintestinal anastomosis the patients were divided into 2 groups: in the first group of 8 (33.3%) patients the ileotransversoanastomosis was formed by a traditional method using double row seams; in the second group of 16 (66.7%) the ileotransversoanastomosis was formed using a modified method of invagination using a single row seams. The authors based on the investigation performed make a conclusion that the results of right hemicolectomy depend on the method of forming the interintestinal anastomosis, the formation of ileotransversoanastomosis by a "classical" variant is fraught by the development of reflux enteritis. The authors propose a technique of formation of ileotransversoanastomosis by the method of invagination using a 1 row seam, performing the function of the valve, prevents regurgitation of the intestinal contents and is a measure of prophylactics of reflux-enteritis.     

Total cavopulmonary anastomosis using atrial septal flap: technique and early results

Introduction The Fontan procedure has undergone many modifications to avoid atrial arrhythmias and thrombus formation. We used patient’s interatrial septum as a flap to direct the inferior venacaval blood to the superior venacava. Methods Seventeen patients, aged 1 to 17 years, underwent modified total cavopulmonary anastomosis. Interatrial septum was used to create the inner half of the atrial tunnel, outer half being formed by right atrial free wall. Post-operatively, all patients underwent echocardiography. Seven patients underwent 24 hour ambulatory Holter monitoring and 6 patients underwent cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. Results There was one early death due to low cardiac output. One patient had transient supraventricular arrhythmia. Two patients had singnificant pleural effusion. Holter Monitoring reveled sinus rhythm in all 7 patients studied. Follow up ranged from 18 to 60 months and patients were evaluated as they came for follow up. Long term follow up is currently being compiled. There was one late death from a non-cardiac cause. The remaining patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I or II. All patients were in sinus rhythm. Echocardiography and cineangiography revealed absence of obstruction or leak. Conclusions Total cavopulmonary anastomosis using autogenous atrial septum is a useful modification for classical cavopulmonary anastomosis and provides good early results.     

Chronic Phlegmonous Diverticulitis1

The cases of 13 patients suffering from chronic phlegmonous diverticulitis have been studied. Histological examination of the resected specimens revealed the classical features of diverticular disease, but in addition, a chronic fibroblastic inflammatory reaction surrounding the diverticula in the subserosal fat was observed. Eight patients developed an inflammatory tumour insidiously, with no previous history of diverticular disease. Resection is indicated for diagnostic reasons, as well as for potentially lethal complications. Resection and primary anastomosis with a covering transverse colostomy are the recommended surgical management.     

End-to-end microvascular anastomosis in the rat carotid artery using continuous horizontal mattress sutures

This paper reports a continuous horizontal mattress suture technique with advantages such as decreased time for anastomosis, minimized anastomotic leakage, eversion around the vessel edges, and other advantages which the continuous anastomosis technique has. This technique was compared with the classical interrupted and classical continuous suture techniques on a total of 59 Sprague-Dawley rat common carotid arteries: Group 1 (n = 19), interrupted suture technique; Group 2 (n = 20), standard continuous technique, and Group 3 (n = 20), continuous horizontal mattress technique. Early (30 min) and late (21 days) patency rates, anastomosis time, leakage on clamp release, oozing duration, additional sutures needed, and total number of sutures placed were statistically compared between groups. Specimens were taken at the 21st day randomly, and light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and angiographic studies were performed. Results revealed that the continuous mattress suture technique has the advantages of providing a water-tight anastomosis with less suture materials in a shorter time, and minimal intraluminal suture material which can incite thrombosis. On the other hand, a tendency to anastomotic stricture was found to be the sole disadvantage of this technique.     

Systemic embolism: a serious complication after cardiac transplantation avoidable by bicaval technique.

OBJECTIVE: Systemic embolism is a serious complication after classical orthotopic transplantation, presumably originating from enlarged left atrium. We specifically studied this problem after classical and modified bicaval transplantation. METHODS: Between December 1985 and March 1999 we consecutively performed 72 classical and 106 modified heart transplantation. Modification included bicaval anastomosis and recipient left atrium maximal reduction. Mean age was 47 years. All the patients received an antiplatelet therapy and were routinely followed. When clinical signs of systemic embolism were present, a neurological evaluation and transesophageal echocardiography were done. Sixty matched patients (30 of each group) had comparative transesophageal echocardiography study, at least 6 months after transplantation. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was 17.4%. Mean follow-up was 6.8 2+/47 years. All patients were in sinus rhythm. Among 147 survivors, 11 patients who underwent classical transplantation had a systemic embolism, 1 month to 12 years after transplantation, 15.3%, (11/72). Two limb ischemia and one mesenteric ischemia (needing surgery), seven strokes (one death, two permanent neurological deficit). There was no systemic embolism in the modified technique group (P=0.013). Left atrial comparative transesophageal echocardiography study showed a larger left atrial surface in classical transplantation. 33+/-4 cm(2) versus 20+/-3 cm(2) in a modified technique, P=0.01. Spontaneous echo contrast was present in 56% of classical technique group associated with atrial thrombosis in nine patients, there were no atrial thrombosis in modified technique group and spontaneous echocontrast was present in 0.5% (P=<0.001). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of systemic embolism, left atrial spontaneous echocontrast and thrombosis when using classical technique, and the absence of these complications with the bicaval technique justified the use of this method. Our experience with atrial thrombosis and spontaneous echocontrast rises the question of anticoagulation in classical transplantation.     

食管、贲门癌切除食管胃分层吻合术患者生命质量评价

目的 探讨食管、贲门癌切除食管胃分层吻合术的手术效果，评价患者手术后生命质量。方法 根据手术方式不同将264例食管、贲门癌患者分为两组，食管胃分层吻合组：162例，行食管、贲门癌切除，食管胃黏膜连续缝合，食管胃分层吻合术；器械吻合组：102例，行食管、贲门癌切除，食管胃吻合器吻合术。均用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)QLQ—C30和自制量表对患者术后3—6个月生命质量进行测评，并进行比较。结果 食管胃分层吻合组有137份问卷、器械吻合组有77份问卷符合评分要求。食管胃分层吻合组在体力功能和情感功能维度得分高于器械吻合组(P＜0．05)，吞咽困难维度、胃食管反流症状维度得分低于器械吻合组(P＜0．05)，其他维度两组比较差别无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。结论 食管胃分层吻合术后患者体力功能和情感功能优于器械吻合术，吞咽困难、反流症状少于器械吻合术，生命质量高于器械吻合术。     

Sutureless large bowel anastomosis: European experience with the biofragmentable anastomosis ring

Sutureless colonic anastomosis using a biofragmentable anastomosis ring (BAR) has been evaluated in a prospective randomized comparison with sutures and staples for elective colorectal surgery. One hundred and one patients underwent BAR anastomosis, 85 a sutured anastomosis, and 16 a stapled anastomosis. There were two anastomotic leaks in the patients undergoing BAR anastomosis, seven in patients having a sutured anastomosis, and one in a patient who had a stapled anastomosis. Wound infection occurred in ten BAR patients, ten sutured patients and no stapled patient. There was no statistically significant difference in these or in other postoperative complications between the groups. The BAR was easy to use and is a safe alternative to sutures and staples for large bowel anastomosis.     

75岁以上高龄患者低位直肠癌保肛手术后控便情况分析

目的评价高龄患者低位直肠癌保肛手术后的肛门控便功能。方法对年龄在75岁以上、肿瘤距肛缘7cm以下、采用保肛手术治疗的39例低位直肠癌患者,按吻合口位置和手术方式分组,研究术后控便情况。结果患者排便次数达到正常的时间为术后(9.8±2.9)个月。肛门控便情况和直肠测压结果在低位吻合组与超低位吻合组及肛管吻合组之间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);肛管吻合组与超低位吻合组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。贮袋组术后(7.7±1.7)个月排便次数趋于正常,与直吻组(10.6±2.8)个月比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后36.1%的患者出现I度失禁的表现,贮袋组与直吻组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);保肛术后贮袋组直肠测压指标优于直吻组。结论高龄患者采用结肠贮袋直肠肛管吻合术能够明显改善近期的控便功能。     

Safety and function of isolated Roux loop pancreaticojejunostomy after Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy.

A novel method of pancreatic anastomosis after proximal Whipple-type resection: classical pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), has been evaluated over a 5-year period from 1987 to 1992 in 52 patients. Indications for resection included chronic pancreatitis (n = 9) and neoplasms (n = 43). Reconstruction involved a cephalad end-to-end duodeno-/gastro-jejunal anastomosis with a biliary anastomosis 6-8 cm downstream. A separate isolated defunctioned Roux loop was used to construct a duct-to-mucosa (Wirsung-jejunal) pancreaticojejunostomy. Median postoperative stay was 18.0 days (range 11-32 days); three deaths (operative mortality 5.8%) occurred due to sepsis (subhepatic abscess), profound hypoglycaemia and necrotising pancreatitis respectively. These deaths were not related to pancreatic fistula. There were no pancreatic leaks (defined as greater than 50 ml of amylase-rich fluid for more than 7 days). Postoperative exocrine pancreatic function was good as assessed by re-establishment of preoperative weight (achieved in 35 of 40, ie 88% of surviving PPPD patients), clinical steatorrhoea (present in 10 of 41, ie 24% of surviving patients resected for neoplasm), and the need for pancreatic exocrine supplements (required in only 4 of 41, ie 9.8% of surviving patients resected for neoplasm). Twenty patients considered to have normal pancreatic remnants underwent a p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) excretion test at 3 to 18 months after operation. Median PABA excretion index was 48% (range 24-100%). Isolated defunctioned duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy is a safe procedure offering good functional results after Whipple''s PD or PPPD resection.     

Strategy for Surgical Management of Ileocolonic Anastomotic Recurrence in Crohn's Disease

After resection for ileocecal or ileocolonic Crohn's disease anastomotic recurrence is common, and many patients require further surgery. This study reviews our overall experience of surgery for ileocolonic anastomotic recurrence of Crohn's disease so we can propose a strategy for management. A series of 109 patients who underwent surgery for anastomotic recurrence after ileocecal or ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease between 1984 and 1997 were reviewed. Ileocolonic recurrence was treated by strictureplasty in 39 patients and resection in 70 (with sutured end-to-end anastomosis, 48; stapled side-to-side anastomosis, 22). Stapled anastomosis has been frequently used between 1995 and 1997. Short recurrence was mainly treated by strictureplasty, and long or perforating disease was resected. Coexisting small bowel disease was more common in the patients having strictureplasty. Septic complications (leak/fistula/abscess) related to the ileocolonic procedure occurred in 1 of 39 patients (3%) after strictureplasty, in 6 of 48 (13%) after resection with sutured anastomosis, and in none of 22 after resection with stapled anastomosis. The median duration of follow-up was 90 months after strictureplasty, 105 months after resection with sutured anastomosis, and 22 months after resection with stapled anastomosis. Altogether 18 of 39 patients (46%) after strictureplasty, 22 of 48 (46%) after resection with sutured anastomosis, and none of 22 after resection with stapled anastomosis required further surgery for suture line recurrence. In conclusion, strictureplasty is useful for short ileocolonic recurrence in patients with multifocal small bowel disease or previous extensive resection. Stapled side-to-side anastomosis was associated with a low incidence of complications, and early recurrence was not observed, although the duration of follow-up was short.     

肠道暂时性造口与还纳方式及适应证选择90例分析

目的探讨肠造口方式对还纳手术的影响及造口还纳手术适应证的把握。方法选择2004年1月至2010年12月肠造口还纳手术的患者90例,统计分析造口原因、造口肠段和方法、造口方式、还纳时间、手术方式、手术时间、术后并发症及住院时间等。结果端式造口59例(其中单腔造口39例,双腔造口20例),袢式造口31例(其中改进式袢式造口18例),端式造口还纳手术时间显著长于袢式造口还纳手术(P<0.05)。手法吻合72例,吻合器吻合18例;端端吻合50例,端侧吻合40例;共发生近期并发症8例,发生率为8.9%,是否使用器械与使用不同吻合方式其并发症发生率无差别。结论暂时性肠造口应尽量选择袢式造口,尤其是改进式袢式造口;肠造口还纳术前应充分检查排除远端肠道狭窄或损伤处未愈合,造口术后3～6个月可行还纳手术,可以根据需要选择端端或端侧吻合、手法或吻合器吻合。     

Types of vascular reconstructions in replantations of distal parts of the fingers

The authors present the case of a 17-year-old patient with amputation of the distal portions of three-phalangeal fingers. During replantation of each finger a different method of revascularization of the amputate was used. In one finger the classical replantation pattern was used: anastomosis of the digital artery and dorsal vein. Inthe second finger anastomosis of the digital artery and volar vein was made, while in the third finger a method of nontraditional revascularization was used, i.e. by using an arteriovenous shunt: transposition of the second digital artery with adequate back-flow to the dorsum and anastomosis with the dorsal vein.