白毛夏枯草提取液抗肝癌体内外实验研究

目的：观察白毛夏枯草提取物对肝癌细胞株HepG2的体外增殖抑制作用及对小鼠移植性肝癌H22实体瘤的体内抑制作用的影响。方法：（1）肝癌细胞增殖抑制观察：采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测药物,观察不同浓度的白毛夏枯草水提液对肝癌细胞株HepG2的增殖抑制作用;（2）小鼠腹水瘤抑制作用观察：小鼠接种H22腹水瘤后,造成移植性小鼠肝癌模型。随机分为阴性对照组（NS组）、阳性对照组（5-FU组）、白毛夏枯草水提物大剂量组、白毛夏枯草水提物小剂量组,分别观察荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率。结果：（1）白毛夏枯草水提物对HepG2细胞有较强的抑制增殖作用,并呈一定的浓度依赖性。（2）白毛夏枯草水提物大剂量组、小剂量组对小鼠腹水瘤抑制率分别为37.84%、34.82%。结论：白毛夏枯草对肝癌细胞和小鼠腹水瘤有较好的抑制作用。     

人参二苓汤对小鼠移植瘤腹水的治疗作用研究

目的：研究人参二苓汤对H22荷瘤小鼠恶性腹水的抑制作用及相关机制.方法：建立H22荷瘤小鼠恶性腹水模型,随机分为模型对照组,阳性对照组,人参二苓汤有效部位低、中、高剂量组,观察各组小鼠毛色、食欲、活动状况和精神状态等一般的生活状况;测定小鼠体重和腹围的变化;观察腹腔内情况,计数腹膜瘤结节数量,称重计算抑瘤率;利用Elisa法检测腹水中VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9的表达量.结果：人参二苓汤有效部位能够延缓H22荷瘤小鼠体重和腹围的增长,对H22荷瘤小鼠腹水的生长有一定的抑制作用,且存在剂量依耐性.与模型组比较,人参二苓汤有效部位高剂量组小鼠腹水中VEGF的含量显著降低（P ＜0.01）,MMP-2和MMP-9的含量有差异（P＜0.05）;中剂量组小鼠腹水中VEGF的含量有差异（P＜0.05）,MMP-2和MMP-9的含量无差异（P＞0.05）;低剂量组小鼠腹水中VEGF、MMP-2和MMP-9的含量均无差异（P＞0.05）.人参二苓汤有效部位各剂量组与模型对照组比较均无差异.结论：人参二苓汤能够提高H22腹水型小鼠的生活质量,抑制恶性腹水的生长,抑制腹水中VEGF、MMP-2和MMP-9的表达,而对H22荷瘤小鼠恶性腹水的发展起抑制作用.     

朱砂七总蒽醌对S180、H22、EAC动物移植瘤的影响

目的研究朱砂七总蒽醌的体内抗肿瘤作用。方法将昆明小鼠移植S180、H22、艾氏腹水瘤（EAC）肿瘤细胞后,分为模型组,环磷酰胺组,朱砂七总蒽醌低、中、高剂量组,观察朱砂七总蒽醌对荷S180、H22小鼠实体瘤的抑瘤率和艾氏腹水瘤（EAC）小鼠的生存时间。结果朱砂七总蒽醌具有抑制S180、H22小鼠肿瘤的作用,抑制率在40％以上,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）;朱砂七总蒽醌也能明显延长艾氏腹水瘤（EAC）小鼠的生存时间,各剂量组呈现出量最茭系,生命延长率在50％以上。结论朱砂七总蒽醌在体内对S180、H22艾氏腹水瘤（EAC）均有抑制作用。     

肝泰煎剂对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长抑制整体效应及生存期影响研究

目的:研究肝泰煎剂(GTJJ)方对荷S180及荷H22瘤小鼠肿瘤生长抑制效应及生存期的影响。方法:荷S180腹水瘤小鼠造模后随机分成对照组、GTJJ组、环磷酰胺(CTX)组和GTJJ+CTX组;荷H22肝癌小鼠造模后随机分成对照组、GTJJ组、顺铂(DDP)组和GTJJ+DDP组。第2天开始用药,于第13天拉颈处死动物,取出瘤组织,称重。生存期观察的动物模型为荷H22昆明鼠,其截尾期以生理盐水对照组出现第一只动物死亡为止,记录小鼠存活时间。结果:1对荷S180昆明鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用:各用药组肿瘤明显缩小,GTJJ组抑制率为34.3%,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P0.01);GTJJ+CTX组抑制率为80.5%,显示出较好的与西药协同作用。2对荷H22昆明鼠肿瘤生长抑制作用:GTJJ组肿瘤抑制率42.3%,抑瘤作用明显(P0.05),GTJJ+DDP组抑瘤率为47.6%,优于其他各组。3对生存期影响:GTJJ组及各DDP组荷H22昆明鼠生存期及中位生存天数明显延长,生存期明显提高,GTJJ组生命延长率为46.15%,GTJJ+DDP组生命延长率为80.77%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:肝泰煎剂对小鼠S180腹水瘤、H22肝细胞癌肿瘤生长有一定的抑制作用,并能延长荷H22昆明鼠生存期,与西药配合有协同作用。     

山仙颗粒抗小鼠H22肝癌侵袭肾胞膜实验研究

目的 研究山仙颗粒抗小鼠H22肝癌(腹水型)侵袭肾包膜的作用。方法 将50只昆明种小鼠随机分为空白对照组；荷瘤对照组；荷瘤山仙颗粒小、中、大剂量组进行对比。结果 与模型组比较，山仙颗粒组抑制Ⅳ型胶原酶表达小、中剂量组P＜0．05，大剂量组P＜0．01；侵袭肾包膜级别小剂量组P＜0．05，中、大剂量组P＜0．01。与空白组比较均有差异。结论 山仙颗粒有抗肿瘤侵袭的作用，其主要机理是降低小鼠H22肝癌Ⅳ型胶原酶表达。     

H22肝癌荷瘤鼠体外活化脾淋巴细胞CD69分子的表达

目的:检测H22肝癌荷瘤鼠体外活化脾淋巴细胞CD69分子的表达。方法:建立H22肝癌腹水瘤荷瘤鼠模型,电子天平称量小鼠体重,常规制备H22肝癌腹水瘤荷瘤鼠脾细胞悬液,ConA或H22肿瘤抗原体外活化,流式细胞仪检测CD69分子的表达。结果:荷瘤鼠的H22腹水瘤成瘤率为100%,平均体重为(32.03±3.44)g,高于生理盐水对照组的平均体重(19.15±1.14)g,两组差异有高度显著性(t=7.12,P=0.00)。荷瘤鼠体重变化随时间推移呈对数增长,而对照组呈平缓增长,两因素方差分析,荷瘤鼠与非荷瘤对照组之间差异有显著性(F=5.71,P=0.05),不同天数的体重差异有高度显著性(F=63.15,P=0.00)。荷瘤鼠脾淋巴细胞CD69的表达明显受到抑制,无论RPMI-1640对照组还是ConA活化组或H22肿瘤抗原活化组,荷瘤鼠CD69的表达率[(7.59±8.68),(19.42±12.57),(5.38±8.24)]均远低于非荷瘤对照组[(15.81±9.92),(44,96±13.84),(15.18±9.15)],经多因素方差分析,荷瘤鼠与非荷瘤鼠之间CD69表达率差异具有高度显著性(F=9...     

5-氟尿嘧啶腹腔内缓释化疗对H22腹水瘤小鼠的抑瘤疗效观察

目的:观察5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)腹腔内缓释化疗对H22腹水瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用.方法:昆明种实验小鼠腹腔内注射0.2 ml H22腹水瘤细胞悬液(含癌细胞4×106)制备腹水瘤小鼠模型.成模小鼠分为生理盐水对照组、腹腔化疗组、缓释化疗组和缓释对照组4组,分别给予腹腔注射生理盐水、普通5-FU、5-FU缓释剂以及缓释对照品.观察各组小鼠的生存期;流式细胞仪测定腹腔注射后第9、12天各组小鼠腹水瘤细胞的凋亡率,计算增殖指数;腹腔注射后第12天电镜观察各组腹水瘤细胞涂片.结果:腹腔化疗组小鼠平均生存期低于缓释化疗组[(13.7±1.7) d vs (15.3±2.0) d, P＜0.05],但均明显高于生理盐水对照组和缓释对照组(P＜0.05),而后两者无显著差异.实验第9天,腹腔化疗组小鼠腹水瘤细胞的凋亡率(%)明显高于缓释化疗组(16.5±1.7 vs 8.1±0.9,P＜0.05),而第12天缓释化疗组明显高于腹腔化疗组(10.1±1.3 vs 7.6±0.8,P＜0.05).实验第9、12天,腹腔化疗组和缓释化疗组瘤细胞凋亡率均明显高于生理盐水对照组和缓释对照组(P＜0.05),后两者无显著差异.电镜观察结果显示腹腔化疗组和缓释化疗组腹水瘤细胞呈典型的凋亡形态学变化,而对照组瘤细胞形态无明显变化.结论:5-FU腹腔缓释化疗较腹腔化疗延长了荷瘤小鼠的生存期,对腹腔内肿瘤细胞的抑制作用较持久.     

疏肝清热消积颗粒对 H22荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫及生存期的影响

目的：观察疏肝清热消积颗粒对H22荷瘤小鼠免疫状态及生存期的影响。方法取昆明种小鼠48只，随机分为空白对照组A，阴性对照组A，槐耳颗粒对照组A及高剂量组A、中剂量组A、低剂量组A，除空白对照组A外，以接种H22小鼠肝癌细胞建立肝癌模型，造模同时分别给药：空白对照组A、阴性对照组A分别喂蒸馏水，槐耳颗粒对照组A喂槐耳颗粒，高、中、低剂量组A分别喂疏肝清热消积颗粒18．75、12．5、6．25 g／kg，14 d后进行外周血T淋巴细胞亚群检测，取脾脏细胞以MTT法测定ConA诱导下T淋巴细胞增殖活性。另取昆明种小鼠36只，同样造模分组，分为空白对照组B、阴性对照组B、槐耳颗粒对照组B及高剂量组B、中剂量组B、低剂量组B，按以上方法给药14 d后观察生存期。结果免疫情况：阴性对照组A CD3＋／总单个核细胞较空白对照组A低（P＜0．05）；疏肝清热消积颗粒高剂量组A CD3＋／总单个核细胞、CD3＋CD4＋／CD3＋、CD3＋CD8＋／CD3＋比阴性对照组A高（P＜0．05）；高剂量组A、空白对照组A T淋巴细胞增殖活性高于阴性对照组（P＜0．05）。生存期：高剂量组B荷瘤小鼠生存期较阴性对照组B长（ P＜0．05）；中剂量组B、低剂量组B、槐耳颗粒对照组B荷瘤小鼠生存期较阴性对照组B均有一定延长，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论高剂量疏肝清热消积颗粒可能可以改善H22荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能，有助于抑制肝癌细胞生长，从而延长生存期。     

五谷虫提取物对H22肝癌细胞荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤机制研究

目的 探讨五谷虫提取物对H22肝癌细胞荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及其对p38MAPK信号通路的影响.方法 构建H22荷瘤小鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、五谷虫提取物低、中、高剂量(0.75 g/kg、1.5 g/kg、3 g/kg)组,每组8只,造模24 h后,模型组小鼠给予0.5％的羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃;阳性药物组给予环磷酰胺腹腔注射;五谷虫提取物低、中、高剂量剂量组分别给予0.75 g/kg、1.5 g/kg、3g/kg五谷虫溶液灌胃,连续给药10 d.观察各组小鼠肿瘤生长情况,计算肿瘤抑制率;检测小鼠血清ALT、AST、尿酸(UA)和肌酐(Cr)含量;免疫印迹法检测肿瘤组织中p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平;酶联免疫吸附法检测瘤组织中白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-oα)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平.结果 阳性对照组、五谷虫提取物低、中剂量组均可抑制H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长(P＜0.05).五谷虫提取物各剂量组对小鼠肝肾功能指标无影响(P＞0.05);各剂量组的瘤组织p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平均高于模型组(P＜0.05);低、中剂量组IL-1β3、IL-6、TNF-α水平高于模型组(P＜0.05),而VEGF水平低于模型组(P＜0.05).结论 低、中剂量五谷虫提取物可抑制H22荷瘤小鼠体内的肿瘤生长,其抗肿瘤机制可能与调节肿瘤相关细胞因子及激活p38MAPK信号通路有关.     

益气活血软坚解毒方对荷瘤小鼠抑瘤作用及对生存期影响研究

[目的]研究益气活血软坚解毒(YHRJ)方对荷瘤小鼠生存期的影响。[方法]抑瘤作用观察:荷S₁₈₀腹水瘤昆明鼠、荷H₂₂昆明鼠与615小鼠,造模后随机分成对照组、CTX(环磷酰胺)组、YHRJ等效剂量组、YHRJ高剂量组、YHRJ等效剂量组+CTX或顺铂(DDP)组、YHRJ高剂量组+CTX(或DDP)组,第2天开始用药,于第13天拉颈处死动物,取出瘤组织,称质量。生存期观察:荷H₂₂昆明鼠,截尾期为对照组出现第1只动物死亡为止,记录小鼠存活时间。[结果]1)对荷S₁₈₀昆明鼠:各用药组肿瘤明显缩小,YHRJ高剂量抑制率为64.22%,与生理盐水及YHRJ等效剂量组相比,差异显著;YHRJ高剂量+CTX组抑制率为80.10%,高于YHRJ等效剂量组及CTX组。2)对荷H₂₂昆明鼠:除YHRJ等效剂量组外,其余各组抑瘤率均超过30%,抑瘤作用明显(P<0.05),YHRJ高剂量组抑瘤率为51.36%。优于其他各组。3)对荷H₂₂615小鼠肿瘤:YHRJ等效剂量抑瘤率为47.15%,YHRJ高剂量+DDP组抑瘤率为80.60%,说明中药对DDP有增效作用。4)对荷H₂₂昆明鼠生存率影响:YHRJ高剂量组及各加DDP组荷瘤小鼠生存期及中位生存天数明显延长,生存率明显提高有统计学意义。[结论]益气活血软坚解毒方对小鼠S₁₈₀腹水瘤、H₂₂肝细胞癌肿瘤生长有抑制作用,并明显延长荷H₂₂昆明鼠生存期。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.