生殖道分泌物支原体培养、半定量与耐药率调查

近年来,泌尿生殖道支原体感染,越发引起重视。检出手段也不断创新,新药不断开发,而支原体的耐药谱也不断发生变化,为此,要了解目前北京地区泌尿生殖道支原体中解脲支原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的感染率和耐药性,笔者选用了IST与DM培养试剂盒,对170例生殖道标本进行了培养检测,又将前次培养阳性结果与耐药率一并统计,临床分析另文报道,现就实验部分报告如下:     

Long-term follow-up study of onychomycosis: cure rate and dropout rate with oral antifungal treatments

The "complete cure" of onychomycosis requires long-term treatment with a systemic antifungal agent. Therefore, to properly assess the effects of an antifungal agent on onychomycosis requires a long follow-up. We have conducted a retrospective analysis of the patients treated with griseofulvin (GRF) from 1962 to 1992 and a clinical study to compare the long-term effect of GRF with that of a new oral antifungal agent, itraconazole (ITCZ), for patients who received treatment from 1992 to 1995. For the retrospective study, 281 patients who were microscopically diagnosed as having onychomycosis at the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, and received GRF administration in 1962, 1972, 1982, and 1992, were evaluated for cure rate and dropout rate. The total cure rate was 29.2%, but the cure rate was 68.8% for the patients who continued their medication for more than one year. For the comparative study, 139 patients who received the treatment at the same institution between 1992 and 1995 were evaluated. The cure rate and the dropout rate for GRF were found to be 23.8% (23/97) and 52.6% (51/97) respectively. The cure rate and the dropout rate for ITCZ were found to be 50.0% (21/42) and 38.1% (15/42). When the two treatment protocols were compared for their long-term effects, we found that most of the patients treated with ITCZ were cured within 3 years, and about 30% of the patients treated with GRF remained uncured even after long-term administration of the agent. Furthermore, from a multiple regression analysis, the GRF/ITCZ administration required to cure onychomycosis was estimated to be 3.92 + 0.161 [Age (years)] + 0.635 [Number of infected toenails] months. The results of this study suggest that the biggest problem associated with the treatment of onychomycosis with an oral antifungal agent is compliance in long-term therapy. Notably, the final cure rate of ITCZ therapy went over 90%, suggesting that the low dose continuous therapy, the standard treatment protocol in Japan, was a key contributing factor for the higher cure rate for ITCZ.     

The sebum excretion rate in rosacea

The sebum excretion rate (SER) was measured in fifty-five patients with rosacea and 126 control subjects. The mean SER in the patients with rosacea was not increased, nor was there any correlation between SER and severity of rosacea. Our data suggest that seborrhoea plays no part in the pathogenesis of rosacea.     

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in syphilis.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was studied in 520 men and 202 women with syphilis. It was raised in 66-6 per cent. of sero-negative primary cases, 80 per cent. of sero-positive cases, 100 per cent. of secondary cases, 80 per cent. of early latent cases, and 73-9 per cent. of late latent cases. It was also raised in sixteen out of seventeen cases of neurosyphilis and in all eleven cases of cardiovascular syphilis. It was concluded that the ESR had little place in the management of syphilis in general, but could be helpful in the post-treatment follow-up of late syphilis.     

An analysis of sebum excretion rate, bacterial population and the production rate of free fatty acids on human skin

Bacteria were sampled using a ‘scrub’ technique from the skin surface of the faces of forty-nine female subjects aged 18–21 years. The sebum excretion rate was determined by a gravimetric method and the level of free fatty acids by titration. The production rate of free fatty acids was calculated from the product of the concentration of free fatty acids in the sebum and the sebum excretion rate. The date were analysed using Kendall's rank correlation method. Positive correlations existed between the number of Micrococcaceae and the skin propionibacteria (P < 0.001) and between both groups of organisms and the production rate of free fatty acids (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the size of the bacterial population and the sebum excretion rate. The results support the view that free fatty acids are produced as a result of bacterial action, that the Micrococcaceae and skin propionibacteria do not compete to the detriment of their respective populations, and that the size of the bacterial population is not dependent upon the sebum excretion rate.     

影响剖宫产率上升的原因及探讨

目的:探讨2004年初至2005年末剖宫产指征的掌握情况。方法:对552例剖宫产病例进行回顾性分析。结果:剖宫产指征在各方面大大放宽,社会因素、臀位、胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水过少、脐带绕颈、相对头盆不称、高龄初产等成为剖宫产的主要指征。结论:必须提高医务人员对剖宫产的认识,在医患配合的条件下,合理掌握剖宫产指征,在一定程度下可使剖宫产率有所下降。     

Barrier recovery rate varies time-dependently in human skin

The recovery in cutaneous barrier functions, assessed in terms of transepidermal water loss, 1 h after tape stripping of volar forearm skin in human volunteers, was investigated at different times over the 24 h day. The barrier recovery rate was significantly lower between 20:00 h and 23:00 h than that at other time points. The skin surface temperature and the basal transepidermal water loss reached their highest values at about 03:00 h (33.6 degrees C and 0.30 mg cm-2 h-1), while the cortisol level in the saliva was highest at 09:00 h (7.8 pmol mL-1). These results suggest significant time-dependent variation in cutaneous barrier repair independent of changes in skin temperature and cortisol level.     

短效复方口服避孕药实际避孕效果的分析

目前已证实,短效复方口服避孕药(OCs)避孕的成功率为99%,其理论及期望年失败率为1%。但近年的资料报道,在全世界6300万使用 OCs 的妇女中,由于宣传教育不力,用药者缺乏正确的服药知识,其实际年失败率为3—20%。而我国尚无有关资料。本文为了探索我国已婚育龄妇女使用 OCs 的实际避孕成功率和失败率(指受孕率),以及用药者听取避孕药     

降低初产妇分娩会阴侧切率的临床探讨

目的：探讨降低初产妇会阴侧切率对分娩结局的影响并分析其临床价值。方法：回顾性分析我院2007、2009和2011年初次妊娠分娩孕妇的会阴侧切、感染、Ⅲ＆#176;裂伤及新生儿窒息的相关数据。结果：3年间的会阴侧切率及会阴感染率都逐年下降,会阴侧切率的两两年间的比较、会阴感染率在2007和2011年比较及2009和2011年的比较上都有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而2009和2011年的感染率和3年间新生儿窒息发生率对比均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,会阴Ⅲ＆#176;裂伤数保持为0。结论：降低会阴侧切率可有效减少产后会阴感染率、会阴Ⅲ°裂伤及新生儿窒息发生率。