刘建秋教授治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病

刘建秋教授认为,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病位在肺,久病可延及脾肾,病因病机虽错综复杂,但概括言之,病因多为外感与病久肺虚,病机则为肺脾肾亏虚、痰瘀交阻.病理性质多属本虚标实,急性加重期偏于标实,多责之于六淫外邪、痰瘀阻肺;稳定期偏于本虚,多责之于肺脾肾亏虚.总属虚实夹杂,寒热错杂之症.痰瘀为病理产物和致病因素.临证时运用益肺补肾,培补脾胃,祛瘀化痰之法可标本兼治.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的诱因及其防治对策

目的:分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重的诱发因素及其防治对策.方法:采用计算机检索和人工检索相结合的方法,对近十年的慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关文献进行收集整理分析.结果:细菌感染是COPD急性加重的主要原因.本病病机是本虚标实.本虚是指肺、脾、肾三脏亏虚;标实是指外邪、痰饮、瘀血,在急性加重期,三者是主要的诱发和加重因素;急性加重期以痰(热)瘀互阻为病机关键.治疗上应该扶正固本与祛邪兼顾,而对于急性加重期则以祛邪为主.结论:文献分析结果可为下一步研究提供参考.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重的诱因及其防治对策

目的:分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重的诱发因素及其防治对策.方法:采用计算机检索和人工检索相结合的方法,对近十年的慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关文献进行收集整理分析.结果:细菌感染是COPD急性加重的主要原因.本病病机是本虚标实.本虚是指肺、脾、肾三脏亏虚;标实是指外邪、痰饮、瘀血,在急性加重期,三者是主要的诱发和加重...     

肺脾肾三脏分治法辨治慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）中医病机特点是本虚标实,本虚以肺脾肾虚为主,标实以外邪、痰浊、血瘀等为主。作者根据COPD发生发展规律,以及＂急则治其标,缓则治其本＂的原则,提出早期治肺、中期治脾、后期治肾三脏分治的中医治疗方法,并作出了分述。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病辨治探析

慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病机,是本虚标实.标实是指外邪、痰饮、瘀血,见急性加重期,三者是主要的诱发和加重因素;本虚是指肺、脾、肾三脏亏虚,见缓解期,三脏功能虚弱是主要病机变化.治疗应谨守病机,急则治标,缓则治本,而且要衷中参西.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期并发呼吸衰竭中医辨治

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)并发呼吸衰竭,多由严重呼吸道感染所致。中医认为,热毒、痰浊、瘀血三者胶结壅盛,导致气机逆乱,肺气失于肃降,见肺部喘咳胀满,痰浊上蒙清窍,神志恍惚模糊,病机以标实为重为急,突出的病理表现为痰热夹瘀。脏腑亏虚为本,痰、瘀、热毒为标。初为因虚致实,继则因实致虚,恶性循环,互为因果,日趋加重。针对病机特点,"急则治标,缓则治本",当以清热解毒、化痰活血为主,兼顾脏腑之气。     

蔡宛如教授治未病思想在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗中的运用

蔡宛如教授认为慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期虚实夹杂,以虚为主,病位多在肺、脾、肾三脏,病程迁延,易出现"痰"、"瘀"等病理产物,常因虚致实从而导致急性加重事件的发生,临床多表现为正气不足、痰瘀内阻所致诸症。因此,蔡师认为"治未病"思想应贯穿该病治疗始末,该思想基于中医五脏生克乘侮规律,根据疾病传变特点,并且结合体质辨证,强调扶正培元的重要性,在治疗上多采取补肺健脾、温肾益气等方法,处方灵活,配伍严谨,在控制病情及预防急性加重等方面收效显著。由此,蔡宛如教授治未病思想对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床治疗具有实用价值,值得传承推广。     

从肺朝百脉论治慢性阻塞性肺疾病

肺朝百脉指出了肺与气血的密切关系,肺通过“朝百脉”,既可主气,又能聚血.更好的将气血输布全身.肺病则肺朝百脉不利,瘀血则成.慢性阻塞性肺疾病痛机则为本虚标实,在发病的不同阶段,本虚多指肺、脾、肾虚,而以肺气虚为关键;标实多与痰瘀、外邪等有关,且痰瘀内阻贯穿病程始终.治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病时,应随证以活血化瘀与清热、祛痰、利水、温阳、行气、益气、健脾、纳肾等诸法相配,避免过用辛味活血化瘀.其中尤以保持肺脏的正常生理作用最为主要,肺朝百脉、主治节,肺的功能正常,气血才能运行通畅,濡养全身.     

浅探虚瘀浊毒与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病因病机

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)属中医学"咳嗽"、"喘证"、"肺胀"等范畴,病机归纳为本虚标实,虚实夹杂。本虚为肺、脾、肾三脏虚损,标实为痰浊、瘀血、毒邪损伤肺络,阻碍脏腑气机。"虚"与"瘀"、"浊"、"毒"相互影响,交互为患,形成恶性循环而损伤肺络,是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发病及迁延不愈的根源。     

益气化痰活血法治疗慢阻肺稳定期研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的基本病机为本虚标实,本虚以肺、脾、肾三脏气虚为主,标实以痰浊、瘀血为主,因此"益气化痰活血法"是治疗慢阻肺稳定期的重要治则。本文就近年来采用"益气化痰活血法"治疗慢阻肺稳定期的研究进展略作概述,进一步为临床研究提供参考。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.