血管性痴呆患者中医证型与炎症因子相关性分析

目的探讨血管性痴呆患者中医证型与炎症因子的相关性。方法选择2015年1月至2018年1月在本院接受治疗的165例血管性痴呆患者及同期健康体检者40例进行研究。根据患者中医证型将其分为4组,痰浊阻窍证组41例,肾精亏虚证组40例,瘀血阻络组43例,肝阳上亢组41例。所有患者均采用真空负压管抽取清晨空腹肘静脉血5 mL,检测白介素-1(interleukin 1,IL-1)、白介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)、白介素-8(interleukin 8,IL-8)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)等炎症因子水平。结果 4组患者各炎症因子水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05);痰浊阻窍组IL-1、IL-8明显高于肾精亏虚组及肝阳上亢组,IL-6明显高于肾精亏虚组及瘀血阻络组,CRP明显低于肾精亏虚组、高于瘀血阻络组,TNF-α高于肾精亏虚组、瘀血阻络及肝阳上亢组(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示各中医证候严重程度均与炎症因子水平呈正相关关系(r0,P0.05),且痰浊阻窍证组与各炎症因子水平相关性均高于其他组。结论肾精亏虚证、痰浊阻窍证、瘀血阻络证、肝阳上亢证血管性痴呆患者炎症因子水平均明显高于健康患者,且各证型严重程度均与炎症因子水平成正相关关系,其中以痰浊阻窍型血管性痴呆患者严重程度与炎症因子相关性最强。     

脑萎缩指标与血管性痴呆认知障碍及中医证型的相关性研究

为探讨神经影像学在血管性痴呆(VD)认知障碍评价中的意义及与中医证型的相关性,采用临床痴呆量表选择4组实验对象进行神经心理学量表测评、CT、检测脑萎缩相关指标和中医辨证分型.结果:与认知正常组相比,脑卒中组存在某些方面的认知障碍,痴呆组则有广泛的认知损害,且随着痴呆程度加重而加重.VD存在明显的脑萎缩和白质疏松,且与认知障碍程度相关.中医证候诊断中,脑卒中组的肾精亏虚证候比认知正常组明显,轻度VD组的痰浊阻窍证候比脑卒中组和认知正常组明显,中度VD组的瘀血阻络证候比其它3组明显.肾精亏虚、痰浊阻窍、瘀血阻络证候均与各认知量表得分、痴呆程度、白质密度、脑萎缩相关.尤以瘀血阻络证候明显.说明神经影像学指标与VD认知障碍相关,肾精亏虚、痰浊阻窍、瘀血阻络证候与认知损害关系密切,与脑萎缩指标也相关,而标实的影响可能比本虚更大.     

血管性认知损害的中医证候与认知功能的关系

目的：探讨血管性认知损害（vascular cognitive i mpairment,VCI）患者的认知功能与中医证候的相关性,为VCI的中医辨证治疗提供依据。方法：2006年12月~2010年3月从北京东直门医院老年病科和社区居民中招募774名患者,筛选出认知正常组251例,VCI组107例。采用海金斯基缺血量表（Hachinski ischemic scale,HIS）、汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（Hamilton depression scale,HAMD）、简易精神状态检查（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）中文版、临床痴呆评定量表（clinical dementia ratingscale,CDR）、画钟试验（clock drawing test,CDT）及日常生活能力量表（ability of dailyliving,ADL）评价患者认知功能、日常生活能力和痴呆的严重程度等,采用偏相关分析法分析VCI患者认知功能与中医证候的相关性。结果：VCI组中医证候与量表成绩的相关性分析显示,MMSE总分、CDT得分均与痰浊蒙窍证呈负相关（r=-0.525,r=-0.321;P=0.000,P=0.001）,ADL与痰浊蒙窍证呈正相关（r=0.424,P=0.000）,与肾精亏虚证呈正相关（r=0.216,P=0.028）。VCI组的认知功能与中医证候的偏相关分析显示,MMSE中总定向力以及时间和空间定向力得分均与痰浊蒙窍证呈负相关（r=-0.451,r=-0.448,r=-0.392;P=0.001,P=0.000,P=0.004）,单词即刻记忆和单词延迟回忆得分与痰浊蒙窍证呈负相关（r=-0.355,r=-0.225;P=0.000,P=0.021）,计算力/注意力、语言功能及执行功能得分均与痰浊蒙窍证呈负相关（r=-0.379,r=-0.448,r=-0.321;P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.013）。痰浊蒙窍证患者的MMSE中总定向力、时间定向力、空间定向力、注意力/计算力均显著低于无痰浊蒙窍证患者（P〈0.01）,痰浊蒙窍证患者语言功能及单词延迟回忆得分均显著低于无痰浊蒙窍证患者（P〈0.05）。结论：VCI的主要中医证候为肾精亏虚、痰浊蒙窍和瘀阻脑络,其中痰浊与患者定向力、记忆力、注意力/计算力、语言功能关系密切,故化痰开窍法可用于防治血管性认知损害。     

健脑安治疗血管性痴呆肾虚痰浊证的单盲对照研究

目的 评价健脑安治疗血管性痴呆肾虚痰浊证的临床疗效,论证补肾降浊法是否为治疗血管性痴呆的一种有效疗法。方法 6周随机单盲对照临床试验。40例轻中度VD病人,治疗组25例,对照组15例。治疗组给予口服复方中药制剂健脑安片,1片／次,3次／d。对照组给予口服都可喜片,40mg/次,2次／d。结果 健脑安能显改善血管性痴呆肾虚痰浊证,并且其改善肾虚痰浊证的疗效显优于都可喜（P＜0.05)。结论 健脑安对血管性痴呆患肾虚痰浊证的疗效显优于都可喜。补肾降浊法为治疗血管性痴呆的有效治法,具有指导临床治疗痴呆用药和进一步临床研究的价值。     

补肾活血化痰法治疗血管性痴呆研究病案分析

血管性痴呆病机多以肾精亏虚为本,血瘀、痰浊雍盛为标,据此确立补肾活血化痰法为治疗血管性痴呆基本治法。根椐补肾活血化痰法自拟方药对证治疗,多年运用于临床治疗效果明显,对于临床治疗血管性痴呆,值得深入探讨和进一步推广应用。     

血管性痴呆患者证候学研究

目的探讨血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)患者证候特征,研究VaD发病机制。方法应用Bristol最新神经心理量表中文版(BMDC-NPTB-CR)和B lessed行为量表(BBS)筛选VaD患者(n=66)和无认知损害的脑梗塞患者(卒中组,n=51)。VaD诊断基于《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)、美国国立神经系统疾病与卒中研究所和瑞士神经科学研究国际协会(NINDS-AIREN)的标准及临床痴呆量表(CDR);Hachinski缺血量表和Cornell抑郁量表(CSDD)用于鉴别诊断。定式表格调查证候,《血管性痴呆的中医辨证量表》(SDSVD)诊断证候。结果VaD组比卒中组的肾精亏虚证、痰浊阻窍证单证阳性率增高;SDSVD证候总分以及肾精亏虚证、痰浊阻窍证、热毒内盛证积分显著性增高。结论肾精亏虚证、痰浊阻窍证、热毒内盛证在VaD患者中出现频率高、表现严重,是VaD发病的重要因素。     

化痰活血通络法对多梗死性痴呆认知功能的改善

目的 :观察化痰活血通络法对多梗死性痴呆(痰浊蒙窍型)认知功能改善的有效性及安全性。方法 :将60例多梗死性痴呆的患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组给予奥拉西坦治疗,观察组口服化痰活血通络汤剂,观察两组患者治疗前后Folstein简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)变化。结果:治疗后MMSE、ADL观察组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:化痰活血通络法对多梗死性痴呆患者认知功能的改善疗效确切。     

基底节梗塞后认知障碍与中医证候的相关性分析

目的　探讨基底节梗塞后认知障碍与中医证候的相关性。方法　对 82例基底节梗塞后出现认知损害的患者进行神经心理学评定和中医证候评定 ,30例头颅CT无梗塞表现的患者作为对照组 ,Logistic回归分析等统计学方法用于上述因素的相关性分析。结果　基底节梗塞后认知障碍最常出现的证型是肾精亏虚证、痰浊证、血瘀证 ,而痰浊阻窍、腑滞浊留证与认知损害积分呈负性相关关系 ,即痰浊、腑滞越重 ,患者的认知得分就越低 ;且热毒内盛和腑滞浊留两者相互作用 ,提高了基底节梗塞后痴呆发生的危险性。结论　痰浊阻窍、腑滞浊留与基底节梗塞认知功能损害具有相关性 ,从而验证了这两证在血管性痴呆病程中的客观存在     

血管性认知障碍载脂蛋白E基因多态性与中医辨证的相关性研究

目的探讨血管性认知障碍（VCI）载脂蛋白E基因（ApoE）多态性与中医辨证的相关性。方法研究共纳入105例健康对照组（NC组）及103例血管性认知障碍患者（VCI组）,将VCI组进一步诊断为血管性痴呆（VaD）亚组35例和非痴呆型血管性认知障碍（VCIND）亚组68例,检测其ApoE基因型与中医辨证分型相关性。结果 VCI组中VaD亚组E3/3基因型、ε3等位基因频率明显低于NC组;E3/4基因型及ε4等位基因频率明显高于NC组;VCI患者中E3/4基因型及ε4等位基因在肾精亏虚证、痰浊阻窍证、瘀血阻窍证阳性率较高,均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 ApoEε4基因可能是VCI患者中VaD亚型的危险因素,与VCI患者发生肾精亏虚证、痰浊阻窍证、瘀血阻窍证有关。     

血管性痴呆肾精亏虚合痰瘀互结证方药探析

目的梳理第五批全国名老中医药专家学术经验继承指导老师黎少尊治疗血管性痴呆肾精亏虚合痰瘀互结证的临证经验,挖掘其辨证思路及用药规律。方法运用频数和频次分析、复杂网络分析平台等方法,对黎少尊在2010年8月至2015年8月治疗血管性痴呆肾精亏虚合痰瘀互结证的门诊及住院患者开展药物使用情况、对药和核心药物使用情况的数据整合,发现共性配伍网络和核心药物配伍结构。结果黎少尊处方中补肾益精、宣窍化痰和活血化瘀类等药物出现频次最高,且处于处方配伍网络的核心节点,形成了相对独立的4个核心方药组。结论黎少尊治疗血管性痴呆肾精亏虚合痰瘀互结证以补肾益精、开窍化痰、活血化瘀为基本原则,以4个相对独立方药组为基础遣方用药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.