穴位埋线与艾灸治疗原发性痛经的取穴规律

目的:比较分析穴位埋线及艾灸治疗原发性痛经的临床取穴规律,为临床选穴提供参考和理论依据。方法:电子检索CNKI、万方、维普三大中文数据库,收集符合标准的穴位埋线及艾灸治疗原发性痛经的文献,从处方腧穴的频次、归经、分布、特定穴等方面进行统计分析对比,探讨两者的临床用穴规律。结果:共纳入78篇相关文献,其中穴位埋线治疗原发性痛经的相关文献28篇,艾灸治疗原发性痛经的相关文献50篇。穴位埋线治疗原发性痛经主要取穴为三阴交、关元、次髎、肾俞、肝俞、脾俞、气海、子宫;艾灸治疗原发性痛经主要取穴为关元、三阴交、中极、气海。结论:穴位埋线与艾灸治疗原发性痛经选穴大体不同,穴位埋线选穴以背腰部、足太阳膀胱经、背俞穴为主;艾灸选穴以胸腹部、任脉、募穴为主。     

针灸治疗原发性痛经的取穴现状分析

目的:总结原发性痛经针灸腧穴的运用规律,为临床针灸治疗原发性痛经取穴方案的优化和制订提供依据。方法:查阅1989～2008年中国医用信息资源系统(维普)数据库中所有针灸治疗原发性痛经的文献,对穴位选取进行统计分析。结果:针灸治疗原发性痛经取穴主要分布于任脉与足太阴脾经,部位主要集中在腹部、下肢及腰背部;交会穴占很大优势;对于单穴的使用,次髎、三阴交、神阙、十七椎、地机具有初步的研究意义。结论:应用任脉与足三阴经的交会穴配伍组方对原发性痛经取穴方案的优化和制订具有重要参考意义。     

针灸治疗肠易激综合征取穴规律初探

搜集近10年来针灸治疗肠易激综合征的临床报道近50篇,总结其取穴规律,发现天枢、足三里、中脘为使用率最高的主穴;局部取穴以腹部穴位及相关脏腑背俞穴为主;循经取穴以足阳明胃经经穴为主,肝脾两经穴位不可忽视;配穴多以八纲、脏腑辨证取穴,并注重宁心安神。并对取穴规律从中西医角度进行了分析,为针灸治疗IBS的临床取穴提供了理论依据。     

慢性腰痛针灸处方古今文献研究

目的对针灸治疗慢性腰痛的古代处方及近10年的临床针灸处方进行数据整合,找出针灸治疗规律。方法收录符合纳入标准的文献,整理出穴位处方,建立Excel数据库,分析古今文献中针灸处方特点。结果古代文献针灸处方取穴以远道取穴、单穴为主;近代文献以远近配穴、多穴为主。穴位归经上二者均集中在足太阳膀胱经、督脉和足少阳胆经,以五输穴、交会穴和背俞穴应用较多。结论慢性腰痛针灸处方重视"远道取穴"的应用,"远近配穴"原则是重要内容,可指导针灸临床。     

针灸治疗颈型颈椎病临床取穴规律研究

目的针灸治疗颈型颈椎病临床取穴的规律。方法采用计算机检索的方式,选择符合纳入标准与排除标准的针灸治疗颈型颈椎病文献74篇,所有文献为2008年至2014年期间中文期刊。通过对文献资料的分析,研究针灸治疗颈型颈椎病取穴规律。结果针灸治疗颈型颈椎病时,所用腧穴主要分布在经外奇穴、足少阳胆经、足太阳膀胱经以及手太阳小肠经和督脉。其中使用最多的腧穴包括颈夹脊、天柱、风池、颈百劳、肩外俞等穴位。结论针灸治疗颈型颈椎病时,穴位的选择要按照循经结合局部的方式取穴,穴位通常选择颈夹脊、风池、天柱等,这些穴位主要分布在经外奇穴、足太阳膀胱经等位置,针灸治疗时要能够辨证取穴,提高治疗效果。     

基于现代文献总结针灸治疗周围神经损伤选穴规律

目的分析近15年针灸治疗周围神经损伤临床研究的文献,总结出选穴规律,为针灸治疗该病提供临床选穴参考。方法以"针刺"或"针灸"或"电针"或"艾灸"或"穴位注射"或"穴位埋线"和"神经损伤"或"周围神经"作为检索词,从中国期刊全文数据库、维普期刊全文数据库、万方数据资源系统中检索文献,之后导入Note Express文献管理软件。剔除不相关文献,依据受损周围神经名称(臂丛神经、尺神经、桡神经、正中神经、臀上皮神经、马尾神经、坐骨神经、胫神经、腓总神经)将文献分为9类,分别对文献中每类神经损伤所使用的穴位和归经情况进行统计和分析。结果针灸治疗周围神经损伤,上肢多选用手阳明大肠经、手太阳小肠经和手少阳三焦经穴位,使用频次较高的穴位为肩髃、曲池、合谷、手三里、外关、后溪、小海、支正、腕骨、内关、曲泽;下肢多选用足阳明胃经、足太阳膀胱经和足少阳胆经穴位,使用频次较高的穴位为足三里、髀关、解溪、阳陵泉、环跳、秩边、肾腧、委中、中髎、次髎、会阳、阴陵泉。结论当前在临床上针灸治疗周围神经损伤选穴主要根据受损神经的走行和分布选取相应的经脉,以循经取穴、局部取穴和远端取穴为主。     

现代针灸治疗中风偏瘫选穴处方规律研究

目的:文章旨在总结现代针灸治疗中风偏瘫的腧穴运用规律、配伍规律以及特定穴的运用规律,以期为临床选穴组方提供参考和借鉴。方法:在检索1978—2011年针灸治疗中风偏瘫的临床研究文献的基础上,解析针灸处方数据,采用数据挖掘技术分析所用的腧穴种类、归经及其使用频次、配伍组合、分部和特定穴分类等。结果:选穴频次最多的为合谷、足三里、曲池、肩髃等手足阳明经穴,并且以曲池、合谷、足三里、肩髃、阳陵泉等相互配伍最为常见。涉及的主要经脉为手阳明经、足阳明经、足少阳经、足太阳经、手少阳经、足太阴、督脉等。分部取穴以下肢部和上肢部穴位使用频次最多。选穴以特定穴的选取为主,其中以五输穴为多,交会穴次之。结论:中风偏瘫治疗规律为多选阳经腧穴,首选阳明经穴;局部取穴多选上下肢部腧穴;选穴以特定穴为主,并以五输穴和交会穴为多。     

古代针灸治疗中风后肢体偏瘫取穴规律探究

目的挖掘整理古代医籍中有关针灸治疗中风后偏瘫处方取穴规律。方法:通过计算机和手工检索《中华医典》,筛选合格古籍及治疗中风偏瘫处方并对穴位进行提取和分析。结果检索出符合纳入标准条文211条,涉及用穴107个,用穴频次713次,用Microsoft Excel数据库进行统计学分析,分析发现:古代针灸治疗中风偏瘫以单穴处方为主,取穴主要集中在手阳明大肠经、足少阳胆经、足阳明胃经、足太阳膀胱经及督脉,以肢体远端取穴为主,并多选取特定穴,其中五输穴、交会穴、原穴使用频次较高,选用频次最多的穴位为曲池、足三里、昆仑、绝骨、百会。结论古代针灸治疗中风偏瘫以经脉所过,主治所及为原则,以调节阳经气海,濡养肢体筋脉为主治思路,主取患侧阳经穴位,主选手阳明大肠经、足少阳胆经、足阳明胃经穴位,选穴多选用特定穴。     

针灸丰乳疗效评价与选穴规律探讨*

目的探讨针灸丰乳的疗效评价与选穴规律。方法检索中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed） 、中文科技期刊数据库（维普）、中国学术期刊数据库（万方数据）的临床研究文献,提取纳入文献的疗效与选穴信息, 建立现代针灸丰乳临床数据库,采用数据挖掘技术分析,对针灸丰乳疗效及选穴情况进行分析,筛选出使用频次最高的腧 穴、腧穴部位及所属经脉,探索并总结现代针灸丰乳的选经用穴的潜在规律。结果纳入的10篇针灸丰乳的临床文献中,针 灸丰乳疗效明显优于其他治疗方法,涉及腧穴36个,总取穴频次102次,以三阴交、足三里、膻中、乳根、太冲为主要穴位 ,穴位多位于下肢及胸部,选经主要以胃经、脾经为主,常选用交会穴、募穴、输穴和原穴。结论针灸丰乳具有一定疗效 ,取穴以循经选取足阳明胃经、足太阴脾经上的腧穴为主,重视对交会穴、募穴、输穴和原穴的运用,远近配穴为其重要 选穴原则。     

针刺治疗紧张型头痛概述

综述了1997-2008年针刺治疗紧张型头痛的临床现状,方法涉及体针、电针、穴位注射、针刀以及配合推拿、中药等疗法,取穴以局部穴位配合远端穴位为主,选穴多用足少阳胆经、足太阳膀胱经及督脉穴。参考文献26篇。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.