中医辨治血尿初探

血尿是泌尿系统常见症状,祖国医学关于血尿的记载首见于内经,称之为“溺血”、“溲血”,如《素问·气厥论》有“胞移热于膀胱,则癃,溺血”,《四时刺逆论》有“少阴有余……则病积,溲血”等。历代医家对血尿的病因病机、临床症状、辩证论治、理法方药等作了大量的论述及探索,积累了宝贵的临床经验。1病因病机①风邪外袭,首先犯肺,肺失宣降,不能通调水道;表邪化热下迫,灼伤络脉导致小便出血。如《诸病源候论·小便血候》说:“风邪入于少阴,则尿血。”②外感火热之邪,太阳经脉受累,传经入里,热结膀胱,血络受损,发为尿血。③平素嗜好辛辣、烟酒,…     

血尿的中医治疗

血尿在中医古籍中被称为“尿血”,也被称之为“溺血”、“溲血”。综合古代医家对尿血的认识,其病因有以下几种。①风邪外袭,首先犯肺,肺失宣降,不能通调水道;表邪化热下迫,灼伤络脉导致小便出血。如《诸病源候论·小便血候》说∶“风邪入于少阴,则尿血。”②外感...     

中医治疗大叶肺炎探讨(摘要)

一、对本病的认识大叶肺炎是由肺炎双球菌等细菌感染引起的一种常见急性肺部炎性病变。根据本病临床表现,多属中医温病“风温”、“春温”、“冬温”等范畴,是卫气营血俱可见的一种典型热病。发病原因是:内因是正气不足,肺卫失固;外因是寒温失常、劳倦,或酒后当风,或冒雨涉水,或触犯时邪—如冬令非时之暖,或春日风热之盛,风热之邪从口鼻而入,或风寒入里化热,首先侵犯肺卫而发病,即叶天士所说:“温邪上受,首先犯肺”。肺主气而司呼吸,风热犯肺,肺失宣降,以致痰浊内生,痰热搏结,壅塞气道,则肺气郁阻,而出现咳喘、气急、咯痰、胸痛等痰热壅肺的症候。     

中药超声雾化吸入治疗慢性咽炎54例疗效观察与护理

慢性咽炎属于祖国医学的“喉痹”范畴,临床所见多为虚实夹杂之证,病机主要表现为脾胃气虚弱,痰湿内蕴。感受风热之邪后治疗不当导致热去而风不去,风痰相结痹阻于咽喉而出现喉痒、异物感或痰阻感。内服药治疗对改善体质,杜绝生痰之源,提高抗病力有益,但疏风散结则以外用药见效快     

小儿紫癜性肾炎怎样治?

因过敏性紫癜而致肾脏损害者,称为紫癜性肾炎,好发于学龄儿童,以尿血为主证,属中医“血证”范畴。 小儿紫癜性肾炎病程短,多因上呼吸道感染以及食物、药物引起过敏,风热之邪或“动风之品”导致风湿热毒入     

疏肝健脾法治愈喉喑的体会

喉喑，是指以声音嘶哑失音为主要特征的喉部疾病。与西医学之急慢性喉炎、喉肌无力、声带麻痹颇为相似。《中医耳鼻咽喉科学》将其分为虚实两端，实证多由风寒，风热、痰热犯肺而致，虚证多由脏腑虚损，喉窍失养而致。分六型论治：风寒袭肺、风热犯肺、痰热壅肺、肺肾阴虚、肺脾气虚、血瘀痰凝。所以治疗初期以疏邪宣肺，利喉开音，病久则以养阴为主，兼以益气开音，或兼行气活血祛痰为常法。     

肺炎的中医治疗

肺炎多属于风温范畴。中医认为是感受春季或冬令风热病邪而致。外感风热病邪,多从口鼻而入,肺位居高,首当其冲,故初起以邪在上焦手太阴肺经为病变中心。肺卫之邪不解,或顺传于胃,或逆传心包,后期多呈肺胃阴伤之象。     

病毒性心肌炎中医分型治疗心得

病毒性心肌炎属中医“心悸”、“怔忡”、“胸痹”、“温病”等范畴，其病机多由于素体亏虚，卫表不固，温邪病毒乘虚由表或口鼻而入，首先犯肺，而后伤及于心。初期病邪多在肺卫，邪正交争，表现为热毒炽盛之实证，如失治或误治，则病邪入里，伤津耗气，侵及心肾而延变为气阴两伤之虚证。     

LgA肾病血尿的中医研究近况

LgA肾病血尿属于祖国医学“尿血”范畴。临床上可分为发作期和慢性缓解期。发作期以邪实为主 ,多与风热、湿热邪毒侵袭人体有关 ;慢性缓解期以正虚为主 ,多与脾、肾、肝等脏器的气虚、阳虚、阴虚而导致的血脉瘀阻、血失常运有关。治疗上可按本病的主要分型 ,如脾肾气虚型、肝肾阴虚型、气阴两虚型、脾肾阳虚型、外感风热型、下焦湿热型、心火炽盛型、热结咽喉型、气滞血瘀型进行辨证论治     

曾斌芳教授“辛苦开郁法”治疗咽痹经验

曾斌芳教授临证治疗咽痹以少阴客邪上泛、风邪犯肺客咽、脾虚湿浊痹阻、实火循经夹咽4种证型统之。甘草汤主少阴客热咽痛,桔梗汤主少阴寒热相搏咽痛;银翘散为辛凉之平剂,主风热犯肺客咽;理中汤合牡蛎泽泻散以通阳气、散水结,湿浊蕴阻之咽痹;清胃散专治实火牙痛,使以桔梗、半夏假道上行至咽,清热肃咽,取“辛开苦降”之义;黛蛤散主木火刑金之咽痹,佐以左金丸,使以桔梗循经上咽,调其所胜之气,太过者折之,取“木郁达之”之义。究其辨治用药谨防寒凉用事,避其郁遏之弊,始终不离“郁”字,其治以“辛苦开郁”为法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.