新乡市农村幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

目的了解新乡市农村幼儿园儿童蛲虫感染情况,为蛲虫病防治提供依据。方法采用透明胶纸肛拭法,对新乡市农村5所幼儿园740名学龄前儿童,争得院长及家长同意后,在早上8：00～9：30分进行蛲虫取样调查。结果受检儿童蛲虫总感染率为5．41％。男童（7．24％）高于女童（3．40％）,差异有统计学意义（X2=5．34,P〈0．05）;2-4岁组（2．51％）低于4～7岁组（8．12％）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=11．32,P〈0．05）。结论蛲虫感染率与年龄、性别、人口密集度以及个人卫生习惯有关。     

清远市市区托幼机构儿童蛲虫感染情况调查

目的 对清远市市区托幼机构儿童的蛲虫感染情况进行调查分析,为今后的防治工作提供依据和经验。方法 按自愿受检的原则对清远市市区在册托幼机构的儿童采用透明胶纸肛拭查卵法进行检查。结果 2007-2009年共检24 567人次,感染1 738人次,总感染率为7.07%,2007年、2008年、2009年的感染率分别为5.63%、6.96%和9.15%;2、3、4、5、6岁5个年龄组的感染率依次为2.45%、4.28%、6.47%、8.63%和8.36%;男性感染率为7.67%,女性感染率为6.25%;大、中、小规模托幼机构儿童的蛲虫感染率分别为6.16%、6.61%和11.50%;市中心区、市郊及城中村托幼机构儿童蛲虫的感染率分别为3.61%和12.64%。以上不同类别结果比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论 清远市市区托幼机构儿童蛲虫感染率呈逐年上升趋势,病例分布不平衡,今后要采取综合防治措施,降低蛲虫感染率。     

小儿蛲虫感染的检查与防治方法的探讨

蛲虫病仍是我国乃至世界范围内儿童常见的肠道寄生虫病。本文对32名蛲虫病儿童夜间直接观察，对434名儿童连续3日晨用透明胶纸粘肛取样，总阳性率为56．68％、用肠虫清驱虫近期疗效达96．34％，但一年后感染率又升至48．63％。本文通过与其他报告对比，提出了简便有效的检查方法及防治措施。     

农村留守儿童与城市儿童主观幸福感之比较

目的:分析比较农村留守儿童与城市儿童主观幸福感的差异。方法:采用青少年主观幸福感量表对139名儿童进行问卷调查。结果:农村留守儿童的总体生活满意度显著低于城市儿童(F=9.200,P0.01),农村留守儿童体验到的积极情感显著低于城市儿童(F=5.075,P0.05);父母一方外出的农村留守儿童的总体生活满意度(t=2.168,P0.05)、积极情感体验(t=2.05,P0.05)显著高于父母均外出的留守儿童,父母一方外出的留守儿童体验到的消极情感显著低于父母均外出的留守儿童(t=-2.403,P0.05)。结论:农村留守儿童与城市儿童主观幸福感均处于中等偏上水平,且存在显著差异;留守类型影响留守儿童的主观幸福感水平。     

2018-2020年合肥市学龄前儿童蛲虫病监测结果分析

目的 分析2018-2020年合肥市学龄前儿童蛲虫病监测结果,为制定合肥市"十四五"寄生虫病防治规划提供部分依据.方法 采用透明胶纸法随机抽样来监测学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况,使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析.结果 2018-2020年合肥市共调查学龄前儿童1967人,其中蛲虫感染者共有25人,总感染率为1.27％....     

小和蛲虫感染的检查与防治方法的探讨

蛲虫病仍是我国乃至世界的范围内儿童常见的肠道寄生虫病。本文对３２名蛲虫病儿童夜间直接观察，对４３４名儿童连续３日晨用透明胶纸粘肛取样，总阳性率５６．６８％。用肠虫清驱虫近期疗效达９６．３４％，但一年后感染率又升至４８．６３％。本文通过其他报告对比，提出了简便有效的检查方法及防治措施。     

龚氏非文字智力量表汉族城市与农村儿童测验结果的比较

龚氏非文字智力量表原是为克服我国少数民族因测验时言语不通等困难而编制的一套跨文化智力量表[1] 。后又发展了城市汉族和懂汉语的部分其他民族儿童的常模[1- 2 ] ,但尚未制定全国性大样本的农村汉族儿童常模。本研究采用此量表对农村汉族8～ 12岁儿童的一个小样本进行测试 ,目的是编制一个区域性小样本的农村儿童常模 ,比较该测验在汉族城、乡儿童中应用的结果差异 ,在暂无该测验的农村常模而需要用该测验测试农村儿童智力时可供参考。本文总结了汉族城乡儿童在该测验结果中因文化背景不同的差异。1　对象和方法1.1　研究对象1.1.1　农村…     

Vaginal Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed on liquid‐based cytology during Papanicolaou test cervical cancer screening: A report of two cases and a review of the literature

Enterobiasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections. It is considered an intestinal parasite, but cases of extra‐intestinal affections exist, notably infections of the female genital tract. Enterobius vermicularis (EV) eggs (or ova) have been found in the cervical smears of two patients in our institute during the last 16 years. No gynaecological or gastrointestinal symptoms were reported, and there was no known intestinal infection in these two cases. A review of the available literature revealed rare cases of vaginal enterobiasis, with a wide range of clinical presentations, many patients being asymptomatic. The diagnosis may sometimes be difficult, mainly because of the lack of clinical suspicion. However, cytological identification of EV in cervico‐vaginal smears is important, especially when considering the risk of ascending infections of the genital tract associated with severe complications.     

Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei,Taiwan

Background

The prevalence of pinworm infection is extremely low in Taipei, Taiwan. This population study was designed to determine the current status and the associated risk factors of this infection among pre-school children.

郑州市某医院儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

目的了解郑州地区儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况,为制定肠道寄生虫病防治措施提供参考依据。方法采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对儿童新鲜粪便样品进行检查。结果共调查1996份粪便样品,肠道寄生虫总感染率为1.5%,发现蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫、环孢子虫、隐孢子虫、阿米巴原虫和粪类圆线虫5种肠道寄生虫,其感染率分别为0.6%、0.5%、0.1%、0.3%和0.1%。不同性别、不同季节儿童肠道寄生虫感染情况差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和阿米巴原虫主要发现于春季和冬季,隐孢子虫和环孢子虫仅发现于夏季和秋季。结论郑州地区儿童土源性肠道寄生虫感染率显著下降,以机会性原虫感染为主,应进一步加强健康卫生教育。     

Negative association of Enterobius infestation with asthma and rhinitis in primary school children in Taipei

BACKGROUND: The relationship between allergy and parasites has been controversial, especially in non-tropical countries. Enterobius vermicularis (human pinworm) is the most prevalent intestinal parasite in industrialized countries. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between pinworm infestation and allergy in primary school children. METHOD: Peri-anal tape test for pinworm is routinely performed in Taipei primary schools. We collected data from school records and questionnaires distributed to all children in four primary schools grades 1 through 6 (n = 3107). RESULTS: The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma (9.3% vs. 14.1%, P = 0.007) and allergic rhinitis (27.4% vs. 38.3%, P = 0.001) was lower in pinworm-positive compared to uninfested children. Pinworm was not correlated with atopic dermatitis or parent allergy. With logistic regression controlling for sex, parent allergy and lower respiratory infection, current asthma (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.63) and rhinitis (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.84) were negatively associated with pinworm. Among children in grades 3-6 who had no asthma or rhinitis before age 7, those with early infestation (pinworm diagnosis at or before grade 1) had a lower risk of having diagnosis of rhinitis during school years, compared to the uninfected group (5.4% vs. 12.3%, P = 0.03; adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.21-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: We identified a negative association between pinworm infestation and allergic airway diseases, which could in part be attributed to protective effect of pinworm infestation on development of allergic symptoms. Other mechanisms of association could not be ruled out.     

Prevalence and genotypes of human parechovirus in stool samples from hospitalized children in Shanghai, China, 2008 and 2009

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are widespread pathogens belonging to the Picornavirus family. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of HPeV in Shanghai, China, during a HPeV screening program in 2008 and 2009. Of 300 stool samples from children under the age of 5 years with acute diarrhea seen at Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 165 (55%) were HPeV‐positive. The median age of infected children was 3 months. The prevalence of HPeV was high (57%) in infants up to 2 years old but dropped to 30.4% in children between 2 and 5 years old. The prevalence did not differ by sex. Infections were present throughout the year but peaked in July and August. The most predominant genotype was HPeV1. Of the 139 strains, 4 were found in 9 samples: HPeV4 (n = 4), HPeV5 (n = 1), HPeV6 (n = 1), and HPeV8 (n = 3). This study provided useful data on the epidemiology of HPeV infection by documenting the distribution of genotypes, age of infection, and seasonal patterns in Shanghai, China. J. Med. Virol. 83:1428–1434, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Prevalence of anaemia among rural pre-school children of West Bengal,India

Background: Micronutrient malnutrition is a major public health nutritional problem in India, and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) continues to be a major nutritional problem of public health significance, affecting all physiological groups, of which rural pre-school children are the most vulnerable.

Aim: The main aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia among rural pre-school children.

Subjects and methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in rural areas of West Bengal State during 2002–2003. A total of 437 pre-school children were covered for the estimation of blood haemoglobin levels.

Results: A majority (81%) of the rural children of West Bengal were anaemic, and the prevalence was significantly (p<0.001) higher among 1–3-year-old (91%) as compared to 4–5-year-old (74.6%) children. A significantly (p<0.01) higher proportion of 1+ (OR=7.7; 95% CI: 2.6–22.4) and 2+ year children (OR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.5–6.0) and those belonging to lower socio-economic Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe communities were at risk for anaemia (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.3–3.9).

Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia is a severe nutritional problem of public health significance. Therefore, iron supplementation and health and nutrition education programmes should be strengthened. The community needs to be encouraged to diversify their diets by consuming iron-fortified and iron-rich foods.     

2005-2010年重庆市血吸虫病监测结果分析

目的掌握三峡库区血吸虫病潜在流行因素的动态变化,为本市血吸虫病预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法按照全国血吸虫病监测方案要求设立国家级监测点,采用流行病学调查方法和间接血凝试验（IHA）调查万州区当地居民和流动人口的血吸虫感染状况。采用环境抽样方法进行螺情调查和监测血吸虫病其他相关因素。结果 2005和2010年,2次调查当地人群血清阳性率均在0.61%左右;调查流动人口1530人,阳性率为1.63%,其中疫区返乡和疫区来渝人员的血清阳性率分别为1.95%与1.08%,差异无统计学意义;监测点查螺总面积为604051m2,尚未发现钉螺;监测点未发现从血吸虫病流行区引进的家畜,检测当地868头牲畜,血清阳性率为零。结论重庆市血吸虫病存在传播的危险因素,应加强本市血吸虫病传染源的监测和管理,防止钉螺输入。     

Prevalence of hay fever and allergic sensitization in farmer's children and their peers living in the same rural community

INTRODUCTION: Lower prevalence rates of allergic diseases in rural as compared with urban populations have been interpreted as indicating an effect of air pollution. However, little is known about other factors of the rural environment which may determine the development of atopic sensitization and related diseases. OBJECTIVE: The authors tested the hypothesis that children growing up on a farm were less likely to be sensitized to common aerollergens and to suffer from allergic diseases than children living in the same villages but in nonfarming families. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three age groups of schoolchildren (6-7 years, 9-11 years, 13-15 years) living in three rural communities were included in the analyses. An exhaustive questionnaire was filled in by 1620 (86.0%) parents. A blood sample was provided by 404 (69.3%) of the 13-15 year olds to determine specific IgE antibodies against six common aeroallergens. RESULTS: Farming as parental occupation was reported for 307 children (19.0%). After adjustment for potential covariates such as family history of asthma and allergies, parental education, number of siblings, maternal smoking, pet ownership, indoor humidity and heating fuels, farming as parental occupation was significantly associated with lower rates of sneezing attacks during pollen season (adjusted OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.89) and atopic sensitization (adjusted OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13-0.73) whereas the association with wheeze (adjusted OR 0.77 95% CI 0.38-1.58) and itchy skin rash (adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.49-1.50) was not statistically significant. The risk of atopic sensitization was lower in children from full-time farmers (adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09-0.66) than from part-time farmers (adjusted OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.15-1.96). CONCLUSION: Factors directly or indirectly related to farming as parental occupation decrease the risk of children becoming atopic and developing symptoms of allergic rhinitis.     

Prevalence of allergy, patterns of allergic sensitization and allergy risk factors in rural and urban children

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the prevalence of allergic diseases and sensitization in children living in urban and rural areas and to identify potential risk/protection factors associated with allergy. METHODS: School children 12-16 years old, from urban community (n = 201) and rural area (n = 203) were recruited. The data obtained by questionnaire were referred to doctors' diagnosis, skin prick tests (SPTs), and serum specific and total IgE assessment. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic diseases in urban children was significantly higher as compared with rural children [asthma 16.42%vs 1.97% (P < 0.001) allergic rhinitis 38.81%vs 10.84% (P < 0.001)]. Positive SPTs to at least one allergen was found in 63.7% of urban and 22.7% rural children (P < 0.001). Significantly higher percentage of allergic rural than urban children were monosensitized or sensitized to 2-4 allergens, but almost a fourfold higher percentage of allergic urban children was found to be sensitized to five or more allergens (P < 0.0001). The history of frequent upper respiratory factor (URT) infections, antibiotic therapy, tonsiltectomy/adenoidectomy were positively associated with development of atopy and sensitization. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that residence of rural area is associated with a significant lower prevalence of allergic sensitization and symptoms in school children. Several risk and protective factors related to environment and style of life could be identified in both environments.