一个陕西汉族Van der Woude综合征家系IRF6基因的突变筛查

目的对一个陕西省汉族Van der Woude综合征(VWS)家系进行IRF6基因的突变筛查.方法在IRF6(interferon regulatory factor 6)基因内设计引物,经分段PCR(聚合酶链反应)包括剪切位点的9个外显子后DNA测序进行突变筛查,运用PIX-Protein Identification软件对检测结果进行蛋白二级结构分析.结果在所有患者IRF6基因的第2密码子发现与表型一致的GCC>GTC (r.268c→t NM 214278)的突变,该突变引起IRF6蛋白二级预测结构的改变.结论该家系Van der Woude综合征由IRF6基因突变引起,IRF6基因与唇腭、牙齿发育密切相关.     

干扰素调节因子6基因致病的Van der Woude综合征的家系调查和遗传特点分析

目的 探讨中国人Van der Woude综合征（VWS）的临床表型及遗传学特点。方法 先证者法收集14个VWS家系并进行口腔专科检查、家系调查及基因突变分析,分析不同VWS家系个体或同一家系不同个体的临床表型,绘制家系图谱,明确遗传方式及致病基因,计算表型分布频率和表型基因频率。结果 VWS家系基本符合常染色体显性遗传特征,患者多数表现为典型的VWS,致病基因为干扰素调节因子6（IRF6）。VWS表型分布频率为：唇瘘91.9%,唇腭裂73.0%,牙畸形8.1%。不同家系个体和同一家系的不同个体临床表型存在明显差异。结论 收集的家系均为常染色体显性遗传,表现度变异大。中国人群VWS致病基因为IRF6,为Ⅰ型VWS。     

1个河南van Der Woude综合征家系IRF6基因的突变检测

目的:对1个河南省vanDerWoude综合征(VWS)家系进行IRF6基因的突变检测。方法:在IRF6(interferonregulatoryfactor6)基因内设计引物,经分段PCR(聚合酶链反应)和DNA测序,进行突变检测,运用PIX-ProteinIdentification软件对检测结果进行蛋白二级结构分析。结果:在该家系所有患者IRF6基因的第6密码子,均发现与表型一致的CGC>TGC(r.279c→t)突变,该突变引起IRF6蛋白二级预测结构的改变。结论:vanDerWoude综合征由IRF6基因突变引起,IRF6基因与唇、腭、牙的发育密切相关。     

一例Van der Woude 综合征家系IRF6基因突变的检测

目的 :对一例河北峪金矿VanderWoude综合征 (VWS)家系进行IRF6基因突变的检测。方法 :在IRF6(interferonregulatoryfactor 6)基因内设计引物 ,经分段聚合酶链反应 (PCR)和DNA测序进行突变检测 ,运用PIX ProteinIdentification软件对检测结果进行蛋白质二级结构分析。结果 :在所有患者IRF6基因的第 40 0密码子发现与表型一致的CGG >TGG (r .14 61c→t)的突变 ,该突变引起IRF6蛋白质二级预测结构的改变。结论 :VanderWoude综合征由IRF6基因突变引起 ,IRF6基因与唇腭、牙齿发育密切相关。     

遗传性牙龈纤维瘤病中国家系中SOS1基因突变的研究

目的 筛查中国遗传性牙龈纤维瘤病(hereditary gingival fibromatosis,HGF)家系中SOS1基因,为寻找HGF致病基因突变提供线索.方法 收集到两个中国非综合征性HGF家系,患者表现出典型而且一致的临床表型.采取受试对象的外周血,提取基因组DNA.针对SOS1基因的23个外显子序列设计引物,PCR扩增纯化后进行Sanger测序.结果 两个中国HGF家系的患者均未携带已知SOS1基因的插入突变(c.3248-3249insC),在SOS1基因的外显子区,以及外显子与内含子交接的剪接区,均未发现其他的突变位点.结论 SOS1基因不是HGF中国家系的致病基因,中国HGF具有不同的遗传背景,存在其他潜在的致病基因和突变.应该利用全外显子组测序等方法,在中国HGF家系中寻找新的致病基因.     

Van der Woude综合征家系先天缺牙患者MSX1基因突变的检测

目的探讨MSX1基因与Van der Woude综合征(VWS)家系中缺牙的关系。方法从VWS家系9中伴发缺牙患者2人及家系正常成员2人、60个牙列完整的健康者共64人的静脉血中提取DNA,设计MSX1基因引物,采用PCR方法扩增MSX1基因外显子1、2的编码区,而后对外显子1、2的PCR纯化产物测序,进行序列比对分析。结果 VWS家系9两个缺牙患者MSX1基因中有ivs2+68 C>T多态;伴IRF6基因突变的VWS患者缺牙较多。结论 VWS家系9中先天缺牙患者的牙先天缺失与MSX1基因的ivs2+68 C>T多态可能相关。     

X连锁隐性遗传无汗/少汗型外胚叶发育不全家系表型和基因型分析

目的:探讨X连锁隐性遗传无汗/少汗型外胚叶发育不全(XLHED)家系的遗传方式和表型特点,并对家系基因型进行分析。方法:采用临床检查和家系调查的方法,对通过先证者法收集的XLHED家系进行遗传方式和临床表现分析。利用直接测序法对家系EDA基因开放阅读框内外显子编码区及外显子-内含子接头区核苷酸进行序列分析。结果:收集到的家系为X连锁隐性遗传,男性患者临床表现典型,女性携带者有轻度临床表现或无症状,家系内表现度差异小。家系患者EDA基因第491位核苷酸由腺嘌呤颠变为胞嘧啶(c.491A>C)。结论:本研究收集家系的患者临床症状明显,为典型的XLHED家系。家系致病突变为一已知突变(E164A)。     

福建范德伍兹综合征1例家系IRF6基因突变的检测

目的检测福建省一范德伍兹综合征(VWS)家系IRF6基因的突变。方法在IRF6(interferonregulatoryfactor6)基因内设计引物,经分段聚合酶链反应(PCR)和DNA测序进行突变检测,运用PIX-ProteinIdentification软件对检测结果进行蛋白二级结构分析。结果在所有患者IRF6基因的第379密码子发现TGG>TGA(r.1400g→a)的碱基变化,该突变引入终止码,引起IRF6蛋白转录提前终止。结论范德伍兹综合征由IRF6基因突变引起,IRF6基因与唇腭、牙齿发育密切相关。     

一个遗传性釉质发育不全家系的临床及致病基因研究

目的:探讨一个遗传性釉质发育不全(amelogenesis imperfecta, AI)家系的临床表型和致病基因,为该病的临床诊断和遗传咨询提供依据。方法:收集先证者及其家系成员的临床资料,同时采集家系成员的外周血,提取全基因组DNA,全外显子组测序检测可能的致病基因,进一步对候选变异进行Sanger测序验证。结果:该家系患病成员的临床表现为全口牙呈黄褐色,釉质质地较软,剥脱磨损,牙面粗糙不规则,釉质密度接近牙本质,符合AI中的亚型钙化不全型的临床表型;同时该家系患病成员在FAM83H基因第5外显子上均存在c.1366C>T(p.Gln456~*)的无义突变,已有该变异致病性的相关报道,且未患病的家系成员未发现上述突变。结论:该家系患有常染色体显性遗传钙化不全型AI,FAM83H基因第5外显子c.1366C>T(p.Gln456~*)的无义突变是该家系的致病原因,本研究为该家系的诊断和遗传咨询提供依据。     

遗传异质性是无汗型外胚叶发育不全的重要特点

目的:对收集的1个湖北无汗型外胚叶发育不全(HED)家系进行遗传特点分析,并对HED已知致病基因EDA和EDAR进行突变检测。方法:通过先证者及现场家系调查收集HED家系。对EDA和EDAR开放阅读框内每个外显子编码区及外显子-内含子接头区设计引物,经聚合酶链式反应扩增并纯化后直接测序。结果:收集的HED家系遗传方式不能确定,临床表现典型。EDA和EDAR开放阅读框内的编码序列,仅检测到2个已知多态,未发现突变位点。结论:HED具有明显的遗传异质性,除EDA和EDAR外,还可能存在其他的致病基因。     

Familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate--analysis of the IRF6 gene and clinical phenotypes

The aim of this study was to characterize Swedish families with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) for mutations or other sequence variants in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene, as well as to describe their cleft phenotypes and hypodontia. Seventeen Swedish families with at least two family members with NSCL/P were identified and clinically evaluated. Extracted DNA from blood samples was used for IRF6 mutation screening. Exonic fragments of the IRF6 gene were sequenced and chromatograms were inspected. Statistical analysis was undertaken with marker- and haplotype association tests. No disease-associated IRF6 mutation could be determined in the families analyzed. One new and seven known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. The A allele of SNP rs861019 in exon 2 and the G allele of SNP rs7552506 in intron 3 showed association with cleft lip and palate (CLP; odds ratios of 3.1 and 5.45, respectively). Hypodontia was observed more commonly in individuals affected with CL/P as compared with family members without a cleft (P < 0.01). The hypodontia most often affected the cleft area, possibly representing a secondary effect. The distribution of cleft phenotypes in 15 of the 17 families with NSCL/P differed from the mixed cleft types seen in Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), in that CLP did not occur together with an isolated cleft palate within the same family. It was concluded that mutations of the IRF6 gene are not a common cause for cleft predisposition in Swedish NSCL/P families.     

Two missense mutations in the IRF6 gene in two Japanese families with Van der Woude syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a common autosomal dominant disorder with cleft lip and/or palate and lower lip pits. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1/33,600 in the Finnish Population, and 1/47,813 in the Japanese. We performed mutation analysis of the IRF6 gene by direct sequencing in 2 unrelated Japanese families that consist of a total of 3 affected members with cleft lip and palate associated with lower lip pits. Consequently, we found novel base substitutions, 25C>T, in IRF6-exon 3 in a boy, his mother, and his phenotypically normal maternal grandmother in one of the families. A known mutation, 250C>T, was identified in exon 4 of a girl and her unaffected father in the other family. The same mutations were never observed among 190 healthy Japanese. The results indicate incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in the families. Because 25C>T and 250C>T predict to lead to R9W and R84C substitutions, respectively, at the most conserved DNA binding domain of IRF6, and because arginine at positions 9 and 84 is highly conserved among IRFs, the 2 mutations may lead to abolish the DNA binding activity in the developing craniofacial region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IRF6 mutations observed in Japanese VWS patients.     

Novel IRF6 mutations in Chinese patients with Van der Woude syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) (OMIM 119300) is a dominantly inherited, developmental disorder that is characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip and a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) have been recently identified in patients with VWS, with more than 60 mutations reported. However, the VWS phenotype, IRF6 mutation genotypes, and their interrelationships in Chinese VWS patients have not been studied. Here, we report 11 Chinese families with variable clinical phenotypes of VWS and identified mutations in all patients. Of the 11 mutations, 8 appeared to be novel: CC5.6GT, T342A, 566delA, C748T, C756A, C989A, C1209G, and 1316delT. Seven mutations caused a change or loss of the IRF6 domain. The marked phenotypic variation may be caused by the action of certain modifier genes on IRF6 function.     

中国人群非综合征性唇腭裂患者IRF6基因突变检测

目的 探讨干扰素调节因子6(interferon regulatory factor 6, IRF6) 在非综合征性唇腭裂(non-sydromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate,NSCL/P)患者中的突变情况。方法：收集119例NSCL/P患者及288名健康人对照样本的外周血血样并提取DNA。在IRF6基因的全部外显子分别设计引物,PCR扩增其序列,通过测序找出IRF6基因突变,并将这些突变在对照样本中进行验证。结果：共发现5种在正常人中没有的突变,其中4种是新发现的突变。结论：IRF6基因突变在中国人群中参与了非综合征唇腭裂疾病的发生。     

Phenotype and enamel ultrastructure characteristics in patients with ENAM gene mutations g.13185-13186insAG and 8344delG

OBJECTIVE: The main clinical manifestations of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) include alteration in the quality and quantity of enamel. AI is associated with different mutations in four genes: enamelin (ENAM), amelogenin (AMGX), kallikrein (KLK4) and enamelysin (MMP-20). Seven different mutations have been identified in the enamelin gene (ENAM). DESIGN: In this paper, we describe the phenotype and ultrastructure of enamel observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in patients with two autosomal dominant (AD) mutations in the ENAM gene: g.13185-13186insAG and g.8344delG, each in one of two unrelated families. Mutations were confirmed by sequence analysis of PCR amplified products of all 10 exons and exon/intron boundaries of the ENAM gene. RESULTS: Phenotypic diversity was observed in patients with ENAM gene mutations g.13185-13186insAG with consecutive protein alteration designated as p.P422fsX488 within family 1. In the proband, the enamel of his entire dentition was chalky white with only mild local hypoplastic alteration, while the phenotypic appearance of his father's dentition was that of local hypoplastic AI. In patients with the ENAM gene mutation g.8344delG from family 2 with consecutive protein alteration designated as p.N197fsX277, generalised hypoplastic AI was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrastructural enamel changes in the patient with the autosomal dominant ENAM g.13185-13186insAG mutation, described for the first time in this study, were less pronounced compared to ultrastructural changes in patients with the autosomal dominant ENAM mutation 8344delG. Ultrastructural characteristics of the g.13185-13186insAG mutation revealed deformed prisms, an oval shape on the cross-section and wider interprism spaces, while enamel with the ENAM mutation 8344delG was laminated, but prismless.     

外胚叶发育不全一家系的基因型分析

目的:分析外胚叶发育不全家系的表型特点和遗传特征,并对家系基因型进行分析。方法:收集1个外胚叶发育不全家系,采用临床检查和家系调查的方法,调查并记录先证者及家系成员的病史和体格检查资料。对家系成员EDAR基因开放阅读框内外显子编码区及外显子-内含子接头区核苷酸序列进行分析。结果:收集到的家系为常染色体显性遗传,患者临床表现典型,家系内表现度差异小。家系成员EDAR基因开放阅读框内未检测到基因突变。结论:本研究收集的外胚叶发育不全家系临床症状明显,致病基因排除EDAR基因。     

一个腘翼综合征(PPS)家系IRF6基因的突变检测

目的：对一个Guo翼综合征(popliteal pterygium syndrome，PPS)家系进行IRF6基因的突变检测。方法：在IRF6(interferon regulatory factor6)基因内设计引物扩增编码区及其邻近剪接内含子序列，经分段PCR(聚合酶链反应)和DNA测序进行突变检测。结果：在IRF6基因没有发现与表型一致的突变。结论：该PPS综合征可能由非编码区的IRF6基因突变引起或可能存在异质性。