Microencapsulating and Banking Living Cells for Cell-Based Medicine

A major challenge to the eventual success of the emerging cell-based medicine such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell transplantation is the limited availability of the desired cell sources. This challenge can be addressed by cell microencapsulation to overcome the undesired immune response (i.e., to achieve immunoisolation) so that non-autologous cells can be used to treat human diseases, and by cell/tissue preservation to bank living cells for wide distribution to end users so that they are readily available when needed in the future. This review summarizes the status quo of research in both cell microencapsulation and banking the microencapsulated cells. It is concluded with a brief outlook of future research directions in this important field.     

Microbiological monitoring of bone grafts: two years' experience at a tissue bank

In the first two years of operation of a tissue bank, bone was processed on 63 occasions from 22 cadaveric donors and on 37 occasions from 185 living donors. A standardized protocol for microbiological sampling, culturing and interpretation of the results was developed. Semi-quantitative culture of washings of bone was performed on receipt by the tissue bank, and broth enrichment cultures of bone samples were performed at the end of processing, and again after irradiation. One bone donation was rejected because of heavy contamination with Klebsiella sp. on receipt, and contamination of six donations with Burkholderia cepacia was shown to have come from a water deionizer. Contamination of bone on receipt by the tissue bank decreased during the study period, probably related to increasing experience of staff harvesting bone. Microbiological surveillance of bone grafts protect recipients from infection, and is useful as a quality control of the process of bone banking.     

双重条形码技术在临床组织样本库标准化管理中的应用

双重条形码的应用改变了临床组织样本库传统的记录模式,具有信息录入、储存、浏览、检索以及数据维护、管理等功能。并具有安全、高效、操作方便等优点。可准确、动态地反映储存于组织样本库中的样本信息,从而大大提高组织样本库的样本管理效率和质量。     

2型神经纤维瘤病标本库的建立及应用分析

目的初步建立2型神经纤维瘤病(NF2)患者的标本库,分析其临床应用及遗传学研究的价值。方法收集NF2患者病例资料并进行长期跟踪随访,绘制家族系谱图并建立信息资料库;采集NF2患者及家族高危成员外周静脉血,分离血浆、血清及淋巴细胞分别保存;术中获取新鲜肿瘤组织15min内存入液氮中,部分组织制作成石蜡标本;提取肿瘤及淋巴细胞标本中的DNA,质检并保存,采用PCR-DNA测序方法进行NF2基因突变分析。结果已将293例患者信息纳入资料库,并完成定期随访;收集肿瘤冰冻标本72例,肿瘤石蜡标本275例,血液样本80例;外周血及冰冻肿瘤组织提取DNA的OD260/280值在1.80～1.86之间,198例石蜡样本提取的DNA片段长度主要分布在1700～2500bp之间,能满足分子遗传学研究的需要。结论 NF2标本库的建立可为症状前基因筛查、遗传规律分析及发病机制研究提供标本来源。     

The treatment of perianal and anal condylomata acuminata: a new operative technique.

Seventy-five patients have been treated for condylomata acuminata by means of a new operative approach which results in the preservation of the maximum amount of normal tissue. The technique has proved to be simple to perform, it has minimal complications and causes the patient little in the way of discomfort. Three out of 4 patients treated have no significant recurrent wart formation.     

Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Bank Voles

After experimental inoculation, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was confirmed in bank voles by seroconversion within 8 days and detection of viral RNA in nasal tissue for up to 21 days. However, transmission to contact animals was not detected. Thus, bank voles are unlikely to establish effective transmission cycles in nature.     

基于PDA的闭环式输血管理系统

结合PDA应用来设计涵盖血液保存、运输,交接、配血、发放、临床血标本采集和血液输注等流程的闭环式输血管理系统．实时监控医嘱执行情况．查看血液和血样运输进程、血液输注和不良反应信息记录．减少目前输血管理工作中大量手工记录、交接环节．实现临床用血的实时监控和闭环管理。     

苏州市血清库建设与发展的思考

[目的]实施苏州市血清库建设项目,为医学科学研究与生物医药产业的协调发展和形成适合生物医药产业快速发展的基地创造条件。[方法]建设工作主要涉及四个方面,一是场所建设,二是设备购置,三是组织机构与体系架构,四是样品与信息的采集、处理与保存。[结果]场所、设备和组织体系建设均达到了项目设计要求,共收集样品60 980人份,制作保存标本367 837份,在规定的时间内完成了计划任务。[结论]血清库完成了向政府承诺的一期项目要求,并在实施过程中积累了一些有益经验,同时也发现和总结了不足,为今后的发展奠定了基础。     

女性恶性肿瘤患者的生育力保护策略

随着抗肿瘤治疗的发展,癌症患者的生存率大大提高,生育力的保护越来越受到医生和患者的重视。目前,对于女性恶性肿瘤患者,有效的生育力保存方法包括卵子冷冻、胚胎冷冻、卵巢移位术、卵巢组织冷冻与移植和子宫固定术。现就女性恶性肿瘤的生育力保护进行论述。     

The use of allogeneic bone and tendon tissue from a central bone bank

During the period January 1989 to December 1990 the use of bone and related soft tissue allografts from our bone bank was reviewed retrospectively. Data were complete for 278 patients, who received 403 allografts in total. Forty-nine patients were transplanted with a massive deep frozen bone allograft, 41 patients received a deep frozen soft tissue allograft, while 313 units of freeze dried bone allografts were transplanted into 188 patients. Massive deep-frozen bone allografts were used mainly in patients with bone tumours, fibrous dysplasia of the neck of the femur and for revision arthroplasty. Soft tissues were used mainly for reconstruction of ruptured cruciate ligaments. Freeze dried bone allografts such as cancellous chips as well as cortical cancellous chips were used for spinal fusion, arthroplasty, treatment of pseudarthrosis, fractures, tumours and fibrous dysplasia, and in maxillofacial defects. Cancellous blocks were used specifically for spinal fusion. Demineralized cortical dust was used mainly in maxillofacial surgery.     

An iron-rich diet protects the liver and kidneys against cadmium-induced injury in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)

The objective of this study was to determine whether supplemental dietary iron (Fe) would protect against cadmium (Cd)-induced injury in the liver and kidneys of bank voles. The rodents were provided, for 6 weeks, Fe-adequate (60-80 microg/g) and Fe-enriched (250-270 microg/g) diets containing 0.05 (control), 40, and 80 microg Cd/g. Histological examinations and analyses of Cd, Cd bound and not bound to metallothionein (MT), Fe, and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys were carried out. The Fe-enriched diet prevented Cd-induced histopathological changes as well as deprivation of tissue Fe and lipid peroxidation. Also, supplemental Fe significantly decreased hepatic and renal Cd burden. However, in the Cd-80 bank voles fed the Fe-enriched diet, the non-MT-bound Cd, considered a toxic species, reached 4.7 microg/g liver and 13.7 microg/g kidney, these values being similar to those at which histopathological changes occurred in the voles fed Cd diets not supplemented with Fe. The data indicate that the protective effect of supplemental Fe in the bank vole may be due to the prevention of Cd-induced deprivation of tissue Fe and Fe-dependent oxidative processes rather than to reduction of cadmium accumulation.     

A minority of seropositive wild bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) show evidence of current Puumala virus infection.

Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) serve as the reservoir for Puumala (PUU) virus, the aetiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica. The animals are believed to be persistently infected and the occurrence of serum antibodies is usually taken as an evidence of active infection. We found serum antibodies to PUU virus in 42 of 299 wild bank voles captured in a PUU virus endemic area. PUU virus RNA was demonstrated in lung specimens of 11 of these 42 animals and in 2 of them antigen was also found. Thus in the lungs of 31 of 42 seropositive animals neither PUU virus RNA nor antigen was detected. In 2 of 257 seronegative animals, lung specimens showed presence of PUU virus antigen and RNA. Isolation of PUU virus from lung tissue was successful in all 4 antigen-positive bank voles but in none of 16 tested antigen-negative animals. In conclusion, only a minority of bank voles with serum antibodies to PUU virus showed evidence of current infection.     

Accumulation of lead,zinc, and cadmium in a wild population of Clethrionomys glareolus from an abandoned lead mine

Lead, zinc, and cadmium were determined in a range of tissues from wild populations of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) trapped on an abandoned metalliferous mine site and a reference site. Estimated dietary intakes indicated that animals were exposed to elevated levels of all three metals at the mine site, and this was generally reflected in metal residues in body tissues. Lead concentrations were significantly higher in all tissues of animals from the mine compared to the reference site, while Cd was higher only in the kidney. There was evidence of age-accumulation (using total body weight as an index of age) of Cd in both the liver and kidney of mine site animals but no evidence of such accumulation of lead in bone. In contrast to Cd and Pb, Zn was lower in the tissues of mine site animals compared to the reference site. Based on critical tissue concentrations, the ecotoxicological risk to a wild population of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), associated with total substrate levels of 1 microg g(-1) dry weight Cd and 700 microg g(-1) dry weight Zn at this mine site is negligible, but that associated with 4000 microg g(-1) dry weight Pb may be considered significant.     

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue: banking reproductive potential for the future

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is a technology that holds promise for banking reproductive potential for the future. It may be apropos for cancer survivors who have undergone treatment with sterility-inducing chemotherapy. Although there is some evidence suggesting cellular and molecular injury with the freezing and thawing process, there are examples in both animals and humans that transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue can effectively bank reproductive potential for the future. This technology may ultimately have applications for in vitro fertilization, and preventing natural or iatrogenic menopause.     

MVision图像质量优化算法研究

目的优化MVision协议重建图像的画面质量,提高图像的空间分辨率、软组织对比度,减少图像的噪声信号和”吸盘”伪影。方法采用了平滑滤波、边缘增强、边缘保留和MVision解剖滤波等各种图像优化算法．对MVision协议的原始重建图像进行优化处理,并将通过不同算法处理后的各图像序列进行配准比较。结果经过平滑滤波后的图像与经边缘增强、边缘保留处理后的图像相对比,前者软组织显像更清晰,而后者图像空间分辨率更高,但出现较多噪声信号。同时．结合解剖滤波处理后的图像,其吸盘伪影也基本消失。结论通过有目的性地选用各种MVision协议图像优化算法,可以在不同程度上实现对MVision图像质量的优化。     

生物医用高分子材料在人造红血球的应用研究与进展

输血作为一种生命救治和人体机能维持的重要手段,已经广泛应用于临床实践当中。人造红血球的研究是解决目前临床使用上存在的诸多弊端（血型、病毒感染、保质期短等）,并可以安全高效的应用于紧急突发事件中的一个重要手段。本文从人体红血球的构造和基本功能出发,详细介绍并评价了人造红血球研究的发展过程和最新进展,归纳了新型人造红血球材料的设计要求,论述了医用高分子材料在人造红血球领域的应用优势,提出了生物可降解高分子与血红蛋白分子结合开发新型人造红血球的设计思路并开展了初步的科研工作。     

医院如何使用好短期贷款问题的探讨

文章分析了短期银行贷款比中期银行贷款在资金使用成本上的优势,提出了短款长用的思想,并以图文的方式阐明了具体操作过程.     

MVision图像质量优化算法研究

目的优化MVision协议重建图像的画面质量,提高图像的空间分辨率、软组织对比度,减少图像的噪声信号和"吸盘"伪影。方法采用了平滑滤波、边缘增强、边缘保留和MVision解剖滤波等各种图像优化算法,对MVision协议的原始重建图像进行优化处理,并将通过不同算法处理后的各图像序列进行配准比较。结果经过平滑滤波后的图像与经边缘增强、边缘保留处理后的图像相对比,前者软组织显像更清晰,而后者图像空间分辨率更高,但出现较多噪声信号。同时,结合解剖滤波处理后的图像,其吸盘伪影也基本消失。结论通过有目的性地选用各种MVision协议图像优化算法,可以在不同程度上实现对MVision图像质量的优化。     

Deep freezing of oocytes for preserving the fertility of young female oncology patients treated with aggressive radio- and/or chemotherapy

The aggressive radiotherapy and chemotherapy used for treatment of oncological patients--through the damage of germ cells--may cause decrease of fertility or complete infertility. There are relatively few effective clinical options for preserving female fertility. The results of clinical experiments connected with ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte freezing are very promising and indicate that we may have tools for female fertility preservation in the future. In this paper, 1) the future role of oocyte cryopreservation in fertility preservation of female oncological patients, and 2) the authors' preliminary results with oocyte cryopreservation are summarized.     

Differential Susceptibility to Cadmium-Induced Liver and Kidney Injury in Wild and Laboratory-Bred Bank Voles Myodes glareolus

The objective of the study was to compare the sensitivity of wild and laboratory-bred bank voles to cadmium (Cd)-induced histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys. For 4 weeks, the male bank voles—both wild and laboratory-bred—were provided with diet containing Cd in quantities <0.1 (control), 30, and 60 μg/g dry weight. At the end of exposure period, histopathology and analyses of Cd, metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and lipid peroxidation—all considered to be critical factors during the development of Cd toxicity in the liver and kidneys—were carried out. Histopathological changes (focal hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation and inflammation [leukocyte infiltration] in the liver, and focal proximal tubule degeneration [including epithelial cell swelling] in the kidneys) occurred only in the wild bank voles fed a diet containing 60 μg Cd/g. There were no differences in concentrations of Cd, MT, GSH, Zn, and Cu in liver and kidney between the respective groups of wild and laboratory-bred animals. However, a decrease of hepatic Fe and lipid peroxidation was observed in the wild voles exhibiting histopathological changes. These data indicate the following: (1) wild bank voles are more susceptible to Cd-induced liver and kidney injury than those bred and raised in the laboratory; (2) the difference in sensitivity may be associated with a distinct decrease of hepatic Fe in response to Cd exposure between the two groups of bank voles; and (3) dietary Cd may produce histopathological changes indirectly through decreasing the hepatic Fe and Fe-dependent oxidative processes. These results also suggest that histopathology in the liver and kidney of wild bank voles living in a contaminated environment may occur at relatively low levels of tissue Cd.