高血压病患者动态脉压与血、尿β2-微球蛋白的关系

目的观察高血压病患者动态脉压(PP)与血、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)的关系,并评价动态PP对反映早期肾损伤的价值.方法用动态血压监测仪测量223例高血压病患者的动态PP,按动态PP水平分为四组A组PP≤40 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,54例)、B组PP41～60mm Hg(73例)、C组PP61～80 mm Hg(67例)和D组PP＞80 mm Hg(29例).采用免疫比浊法测定研究对象的血、尿β2-MG,并分析动态PP与血、尿β2-MG的关系.结果随着动态收缩压(SBP)、动态PP水平的增大,血、尿β2-MG浓度明显增加,呈正相关.结论动态PP与血、尿β2-MG密切相关,动态PP对高血压病早期肾损伤有重要的预测价值.     

动态脉压差变化与2型糖尿病早期肾损害的关系

目的 评价动态脉压差变化与2型糖尿病早期。肾损害的关系。方法 105例接受24h动态血压监测的2型糖尿病患者分为糖尿病合并高血压组和正常血压组，每组以动态平均脉压差50mm Hg为界，分为正常脉压和高脉压2个亚组，比较不同亚组间微量蛋白尿患者的比例、平均尿白蛋白排泄率、尿微球蛋白等差异。结果 在同一组别中，高脉压差亚组微量蛋白尿患者的比例、尿白蛋白排泄率、尿α1-MG和β2-MG均高于正常脉压差亚组。结论 脉压差有助于预测2型糖尿病患者早期。肾损害。     

血和尿中生化指标检测在老年原发性高血压患者早期肾损伤诊断中的意义

目的探讨血和尿中的生化指标在老年原发性高血压患者肾功能损害诊断中的应用价值。方法根据内生肌酐清除率将278例原发性老年高血压患者分为单纯高血压组118例和高血压肾病组160例,以100例健康体检老年人作为对照组。检测各组人群血C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、肌酐(creatinine,Cr)、尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)、α_1-微球蛋白(α_1-microglobulin,α_1-MG)、β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-microglobulin,β_2-MG)和尿微量白蛋白(micro-albumin,MA)、α_1-MG、β_2-MG,并对结果进行组间比较。结果高血压肾病组血和尿所有检测指标均明显高于另外2组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);单纯高血压组血CRP、UA、α_1-MG和尿α_1-MG明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血CRP、UA、α_1-MG和尿α_1-MG能有效监测老年原发性高血压患者早期肾损伤。     

坎地沙坦与氨氯地平对原发性高血压病患者血清胱抑素C的影响

目的 比较坎地沙坦与氨洛地平对原发性高血压患者血清胱抑素C的影响.方法 选择100例原发性高血压患者,分为两组：A组50例,口服坎地沙坦8～16 mg/d;B组50例服用氨氯地平5～10 mg/d,两组疗程均8周.分别测定治疗前后血清胱抑素C（Cys-C）、尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）水平.结果 治疗前两组高血压患者血清Cys-C、尿β2-MG、Cr、BUN值差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.坎地沙坦治疗后,血清Cys-C和尿β2-MG均明显下降（P＜0.05）,而Cr、BUN无明显变化（P＞0.05）;氨氯地平治疗后血清Cys-C和尿β2-MG及Cr、BUN与治疗前相比皆无明显变化（P＞0.05）.结论 坎地沙坦可以降低血清Cys-C水平,保护肾功能.     

检测尿β2-微球蛋白和微量白蛋白对高血压肾病的应用价值

目的 探讨尿微球蛋白(β2-MG)和微量白蛋白(mAlb)对高血压患者肾脏损伤早期诊断的应用价值.方法 采用放射免疫法检测125例高血压患者尿中的β2-MG和mAlb,并与50名健康体检人员作对照. 结果 Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期高血压患者尿β2-MG和mALB高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 β2-MG 和mALB检测在诊断高血压早期肾损害中有明显应用价值;β2-MG和mALB含量能反映高血压患者早期肾小管与肾小球功能性损伤.     

阿托伐他汀对高血压患者肾损害的影响

[目的]探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压患者肾损害的影响。[方法]选取血压控制达标的高血压并微量白蛋白尿患者100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组予以阿托伐他汀20mg/d,对照组加用安慰剂治疗,两组治疗前及治疗后12周采用速率散射比浊法检测尿微量白蛋白(mAlb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG),全定量酶免疫法测定尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP),速率法检测N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),Jaffe速率法测定尿肌酐。[结果]治疗组患者RBP、mAlb、β2-MG、NAG均较治疗前和对照组治疗后显著下降,差异均有高度统计学意义(均P﹤0.01),无严重不良反应。[结论]阿托伐他汀能减轻高血压患者肾损害及改善肾功能。     

尿ALB、NAG及血、尿β2-MG对高血压患者的早期肾功能损害的诊断意义

目的探讨尿微清蛋白(ALB)、尿-N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),血、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)检测高血压病患者早期肾功能变化的诊断意义.方法对108例高血压病人进行ALB、NAG、β2-MG检测.结果(1)高血压病患者ALB、NAG、血和尿β2-MG阳性率明显高于BUN、Cr、CCr.在高血压病的早期BUN、Cr、CCr正常者中ALB、NAG、血和尿β2-MG仍可显示较高的阳性率.(2)BUN、Cr、CCr升高者中ALB、NAG、β2-MG均升高且有很好的相关性.(3)同时上述指标随高血压病分期和病程延长呈逐渐上升趋势.结论高血压长期作用于肾脏,导致肾功能不全.ALB、NAG、血和尿β2-MG联合检验,早期探查肾功能改变有重要意义,无创且可重复.     

尿微量白蛋白和β2微球蛋白联合检测对糖尿病肾病的诊断价值

目的探讨尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)和微量白蛋白(mAlb)对糖尿病肾病早期诊断的价值。方法采用放射免疫法,检测85例糖尿病(DM)患者尿中的β2-MG和mAlb,并与70例健康体检人员作对照。结果 DM患者尿中的β2-MG和mAlb明显高于健康组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论尿β2-MG和mAlb联合检测对糖尿病肾病(DN)的早期诊断有非常重要的临床参考价值,对DM患者早期发现、诊断和治疗肾损害具有重要临床意义。     

胱抑素C在原发性高血压早期肾损害诊断中的临床意义

目的评价原发性高血压早期肾损害患者血清Cys-C、β_2-MG、Cr、BUN、UA和Um ALB水平的检测意义。方法选择本院近2年来治疗的高血压患者164例,对照组82例。用免疫比浊法测定Cys-C、β_2-MG;酶法测定Cr、UA;尿素酶法测定BUN;速率散射比浊法测定Um ALB。结果与正常对照组比较,1期高血压组的血清Cys-C、UA、Um ALB水平以及2期、3期高血压组的血清Cys-C、β_2-MG、Cr、BUN、UA和Um ALB水平均明显升高;与正常对照组比较,1期高血压组的血清Cys-C、β_2-MG、Cr、Um ALB异常率以及2期、3期高血压组的血清Cys-C、β_2-MG、Cr、BUN、UA和Um ALB异常率均明显升高;对高血压各组的血清Cys-C、β_2-MG、Cr、BUN、UA和Um ALB水平检测结果进行线性相关性分析,Cys-C和UA、β_2-MG、Cr、BUN、Um ALB水平均呈正相关。结论检测血清Cys-C水平有助于及早发现诊断高血压早期肾损害,在该病的诊断中其具有重要的临床意义。     

血α1、β2微球蛋白和胱抑素C及尿微量蛋白对高血压早期肾损害的诊断价值

目的 探讨血α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、胱抑素C(Cys C)及尿微量蛋白(mALb)对高血压早期肾损害的诊断价值。方法 选择2018年1月至2020年3月本院收治的60例高血压患者为高血压组,60例高血压早期肾病患者为高血压肾病组,60例健康体检者为对照组。比较3组血α1-MG、β2-MG、Cys C和尿mALb水平,分析血α1-MG、β2-MG、Cys C和尿mALb单一和联合检测高血压早期肾病的价值。结果 高血压肾病组血α1-MG[(41.78±12.26)mg/L]、β2-MG[(4.60±1.27)mg/L]、Cys C[(1.35±0.32)mg/L]及尿mALb[(80.74±10.49)mg/L]含量高于高血压组、对照组,高血压组血上述指标含量高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(F分别为24.687、22.186、17.964、36.417,均P<0.05)。血α1-MG、β2-MG、Cys C及尿mALb联合诊断高血压早期肾病的敏感度(95.00%)高于Cys C(83.33%)、β2-MG(68.33%)、α1-MG(61.67%),特...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.