首发青少年精神分裂症患者认知自知力相关研究

目的探索首发青少年精神分裂症患者认知自知力受损情况及其与临床症状的关系。方法对37例符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第5版)》(DSM-5)诊断标准的首发青少年精神分裂症患者在入院时进行贝克认知自知力量表(BCIS)、阳性症状量表(SAPS)、阴性症状量表(SANS)和精神症状评定量表(PSYRAT)评定,分析患者认知自知力受损情况及其与临床症状的关系,同时对37名正常对照组进行BCIS评定。结果首发青少年精神分裂症患者BCIS的自我肯定(SC)评分高于对照组(t=2.051,P0.05),且SC评分与SANS评分呈负相关(r=-0.465,P0.05),自省能力(SR)评分与SAPS评分呈负相关(r=-0.447,P0.05)。结论首发青少年精神分裂症患者存在明显的认知自知力受损,且阳性症状越重者,其自省能力越弱,阴性症状越重者,自我肯定程度越低。     

精神分裂症患者文化程度对疾病的影响

对两所医院精神分裂症患者２９７例及２００例的不同文化程度与疾病的关系进行分析，发现文化程度高低与临床症状有关，且文化程度高者自知力恢复好，其复发率亦低，两者之间存在着显著差异。说明精神分裂症患者的临床表现，康复期自知力恢复和病情复发发等情况与其文化程度有关。     

精神分裂症患者自知力与智力的关系

目的：了解精神分裂症患者自知力与智力的关系。方法：对７５例精神分裂症患者出院前１周内做智力测验并测定症状及自知力恢复情况，在背景材料一致下比较自知力与智力的关系。结果：患者自知力恢复越完全，其言语ＩＱ、操作ＩＱ及总ＩＱ显著高；右力差者中４５．９％属智力障碍。结论：自知力恢复受智力水平的影响。     

精神分裂症的自知力:“自知力与治疗态度问卷表”的应用

使用经我们翻译并修改的“自知力与治疗态度问卷表”(ITAQ)对34例首发精神分裂症病人进行了自知力与精神病理症状之间关系的评定。这些资料表明:首发精神分裂症病人的自知力水平并不与精神病理症状的严重性密切相关,在住院精神分裂症病人中,自知力的变化并不随着精神症状的变化而变化。从此量表的使用过程来看,它能够反应病人对精神疾病和治疗需要的认识。对临床精神医学来说,它是对精神分裂症病人自知力的一种有价值的测查工具。     

精神分裂症、双相障碍和单相抑郁障碍患者自知力比较

目的探讨精神分裂症、双相障碍及单相抑郁障碍患者自知力的差异、影响因素及自知力与诊断的关系。方法在广州市惠爱医院连续入组符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症、双相躁狂、双相抑郁、单相抑郁诊断标准的住院患者395例,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)分别评定患者的临床症状和自知力水平,通过协方差分析方法进行症状严重程度及自知力水平比较,采用多元逐步线性回归分析比较入院时各因素对自知力的影响。结果入院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组的ITAQ总评分分别为(5.66±0.39)分、(5.95±0.50)分、(9.73±0.95)分、(9.36±0.94)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=8.40,P0.01)。出院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组ITAQ总评分分别为(12.27±0.38)分、(14.46±0.49)分、(13.64±0.94)分、(12.98±0.92)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.32,P=0.005)。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别均为自知力变化的影响因素(β=-0.405、2.103、-1.482,P均0.05)。结论住院精神障碍患者在急性期,自知力水平变化与疾病谱系变化存在相关性。随着疾病谱系的发展,抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症患者的自知力缺损程度逐渐加重。此外,自知力的变化受入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别等诸多因素的影响。     

精神分裂症患者自知力与内在耻感的相关性研究(英文)

背景精神分裂症患者自知力和内在耻感的关系具有理论和实践上的重要性,因为这和患者寻找或接受治疗的意愿密切相关。目的研究中国大陆精神分裂症患者自知力和内在耻感的关系。方法共有65例住院治疗的精神分裂症患者和27例门诊治疗的精神分裂症患者(病程的中位数为4年)完成了两个中文版自评量表-精神疾病内在耻感量表(Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness,ISMI)和修订版病耻感经历问卷(Modified Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire,MCESQ)的测评。由高年资精神科医生采用阳性症状量表(Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms,SAPS)和阴性症状量表(Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms,SANS)评定了患者的精神病理症状。由两位高年资精神科医生采用简明精神病学量表中文版的自知力条目评定患者对自身精神疾病的认知,依据分数将患者分为有自知力组和无自知力组。结果有自知力组有49例患者,无自知力组为43例。无自知力患者的病程显著短于有自知力组,更可能为住院治疗者,并且具有更明显的阴性和阳性症状(仅仅表现在趋势上)。有自知力组患者在精神疾病内在耻感量表疏离分量表得分上显著高于无自知力组的患者,但是两个量表的其他分量表得分组间无统计学差异。两个量表48个条目中仅有4个条目得分存在组间差异。Logistic回归没有发现无自知力和两个耻感量表分数或症状量表得分之间存在相关性。结论在中国大陆精神分裂症门诊与住院患者中进行的本研究不支持以前的研究发现:即有自知力的精神分裂症患者会报告更多的耻感经历。本研究使用的耻感量表在中国地区的应用还需要进一步的修订和证实;未来需要对下列问题进行研究:选择不同诊断的患者、对自知力进行更精细的评估以及随时间推移自知力及病耻感经历的波动等等,进一步澄清精神分裂症患者中这两个现象间的复杂关系。     

有关精神分裂症自知力的研究

目的 初步探讨影响精神分裂症患者自知力的因素。 方法 以１９９７年９月到１０月全院所有新入院精神分裂症病例为研究对象，评定治疗前后的病情和自知力。 结果 自知力与疾病严重程度有明显相关；与文化、病程有一定相关；与性别、年龄、诊断类型以及各别精神症状没有明显关系。 结论 自知力是一个独立的症状概念，影响自知力的因素是多方面的，值得进一步研究。     

精神分裂症患者病耻感与自杀观念的关系

目的探讨精神分裂症患者感知的病耻感与自杀观念的关系,为精神分裂症的心理康复和自杀预防提供参考。方法采用方便入组的方法入组2010年2月-2014年10月在天津市滨海新区塘沽安定医院和北京回龙观医院门诊和住院治疗的精神分裂症患者121例,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)以及Link贬低-歧视感知量表(PDD)进行评定。结果 1与无自杀观念的精神分裂症患者相比,有自杀观念的患者PPD评分更高[(4.21±1.11)分vs.(3.09±1.01)分,t=5.71,P0.01]、自知力评分更低[(3.55±1.34)分vs.(4.83±1.26)分,t=5.41,P0.01],精神分裂症患者的自杀观念与PDD评分(r=0.46,P0.01)、自知力(r=-0.44,P0.01)及抑郁症状评分(r=0.30,P0.01)相关;2多元Logistic回归结果显示,精神分裂症患者的PDD评分越高(B=1.14,OR=3.13,P0.01,95%CI:1.86~5.25)、抑郁症状评分越高(B=0.11,OR=1.11,P=0.01,95%CI:1.02~1.22)、自知力越完整(B=-0.76,OR=0.47,P0.01,95%CI:0.32~0.70),自杀观念的风险越大(Logistic回归模型R2=0.51,P0.01)。结论精神分裂症患者感知病耻感的水平越高,可能存在自杀观念的风险越大。     

精神分裂症患者认知自知力受损的神经影像学研究进展

自知力缺失是精神分裂症患者常见的临床表现,随着相关理论的不断完善,目前倾向于从多维度进行评估,认知自知力便是其中之一。磁共振作为一种无创、高分辨的检查方式,目前已广泛应用于精神障碍的相关研究。本文通过总结近年来国内外通过磁共振手段对精神分裂症患者认知自知力进行研究的文章,对相关的研究进展进行综述。     

精神分裂症的自知力及其相关因素研究

为探讨精神分裂症的自知力的临床价值及其相关因素，对１１８例精神分裂症患者进行了自知力与简明精神病量表（ＢＰＲＳ）、阴性症状量表（ＳＡＮＳ）、阳性症状量表（ＳＡＰＳ）、临床疗效总评量表中的疗效总评项目（ＣＧＩ－ＧＩ）、治疗依从性的评定及其相关分析。结果显示，自知力完整者占１１．０％；自知力评分越高，ＢＰＲＳ、ＳＡＮＳ、ＳＡＰＳ、ＣＧＩ－ＧＩ和治疗依从性评分越高；自知力与ＢＰＲＳ、ＳＡＮＳ、ＳＡＰＳ中的某些症状因子评分，以及受教育年限也有显著相关性，而与年龄、病程、住院次数及住院总时间无显著相关性。提示自知力与其它精神症状的严重程度及其变化、疗效、治疗依从性均有密切的关系，自知力的评定对精神分裂症具有重要的临床价值。     

Suicidal Behavior and Insight into Illness Among Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between suicidal behavior and socio-demographic and clinical factors, including insight into illness, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We evaluated 104 inpatients using the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ) for insight assessment, several Beck-related symptoms rating scales, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychopathology. These patients were also evaluated for suicidal behavior and risk using the critical items of the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and lifetime suicide attempts. Patients with suicidal behavior generally had greater insight into illness than those who were non-suicidal. After controlling for depressive symptoms, the association of insight into illness with current suicidal ideation remained significant, whereas the association between insight and lifetime suicide attempts was no longer significant. As predicted, the regression analyses revealed that those with greater suicide risk had significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms and hopelessness and more lifetime suicide attempts. Moreover, greater insight into illness appeared to have a close, independent connection to suicidal behavior. Our findings suggest that depression, hopelessness, and greater insight into illness are major risk factors for suicide in patients with schizophrenia. It is plausible that depression mediates the relationship between greater insight into illness and suicidal behavior. Aggressive improvement of insight without the risk of deteriorating depressive symptoms may be warranted to reduce the risk of suicide.     

Insight and quality of life in schizophrenia: recent findings and treatment implications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Several studies have reported that patients with schizophrenia lack awareness of having a mental disorder or symptoms of a mental disorder. The concept of insight has long been considered important for engagement in treatment, psychotherapeutic progress and good prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Contradictory results were found regarding the relationship between insight into illness and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Although previous studies found an inverse or no significant association, recent studies reported that greater insight into illness is significantly associated with an increase in depression and poor subjective quality of life. SUMMARY: Patients with good insight might realize their restrictions more clearly. The stigma of being mentally ill and the need for treatment or hospitalization are serious psychological strains. The increase of depression and suicidal ideation and decrease in subjective quality of life in patients with better insight underline the importance of insight for the clinical course in schizophrenia. The inclusion of modules focussing on depressive symptoms and quality of life-related aspects to psychoeducational programmes, as well as a greater awareness of the physician for these questions and a strengthening of the therapeutic alliance, might help improve insight without the risk of deteriorating mood and quality of life.     

Obsessive compulsive symptoms in individuals at clinical risk for psychosis: association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, particularly aggressive obsessions, are prevalent in schizophrenia patients and associated with other symptom severity, suicidal ideation and functional impairment. In a psychosis-risk cohort, obsessive-compulsive diagnosis and symptoms were assessed in terms of prevalence and content, and for associations with clinical measures. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were prevalent in the CHR cohort, as was suicidal ideation. The presence and severity of aggressive obsessions were associated with depression, suicidal ideation and social impairment. The high prevalence of aggressive obsessions and associated suicidal ideation in a clinical high risk cohort, and their relationship to depression, is relevant for risk assessment and treatment strategies.     

Correlation Between Insight Level and Suicidal Behavior/Ideation in Bipolar Depression

Suicide is a relatively common outcome along the course of bipolar disorder. Studies have shown a positive correlation between ideation or attempts of suicide and higher insight in schizophrenic patients. Nevertheless there are still few studies that evaluate the relationship between suicide and insight in mood disorders. Evaluate the relationship between insight and suicidal ideation or behavior in bipolar depression. A group of 165 bipolar patients were followed up along 1 year. Each patient’s mood was assessed in every consultation according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Suicidal ideation and behavior were prospectively assessed through item 3 of HAM-D whenever a major depressive episode was diagnosed. Insight was evaluated through the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders. A history of suicidal attempts was associated with worse insight in 60 patients with one episode of bipolar depression. The difference remained even when the supposed effect of depression over insight was controlled. No correlation between current suicidal ideation and insight level was found though. Our results suggest that a history of suicide attempts may correlate with higher impairment of insight in bipolar depression. No relationship was found between current suicidal ideation and insight.     

Symptoms of Depression,Positive Symptoms of Psychosis,and Suicidal Ideation Among Adults Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Within the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness

Suicide is among leading causes of death for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. While symptoms of depression are consistently supported factors involved in suicidal ideation, findings on the role of positive symptoms of psychosis have been mixed with limited understandings of risk. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the pathways of influence between symptoms of depression, positive symptoms of psychosis (i.e. hallucinations and delusions), and suicidal ideation. Data were obtained from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE; n = 1,460). Suicidal ideation and symptoms of depression were measured by the Calgary Depression Scale (CDRS) and hallucinations and delusions by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). As symptoms of depression and positive symptoms of psychosis independently increased, on average there were associated increases in suicidal ideation. The present study provides support for the relationship between positive symptoms of psychosis, specifically hallucinations and delusions, and suicidal ideation. Future prospective longitudinal study designs are needed to further increase understandings of the roles that hallucinations, delusions, and additional symptoms of schizophrenia play in both suicidal ideation and attempt to ultimately inform evidence-based interventions aiming to reduce suicidal death.     

Suicidal ideation in inpatients with acute schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia has been associated with a high rate of suicide. This study investigates the prevalence of suicidal ideation in a population of inpatients with acute schizophrenia, together with the clinical parameters associated with suicidal thoughts. METHOD: We assessed 93 schizophrenia patients. We matched subjects for age and sex and compared subjects with and without suicidal thoughts. We performed stepwise multiple regression analysis to assess the association between specific clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Of the patients, 20.4% reported suicidal thoughts during the last 15 days. Severity of depressive symptoms, motor retardation, guilt feelings, pathological guilt, and self-depreciation predicted the patients' suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal thoughts are frequent among inpatients with acute schizophrenia. Prevention of suicidal behaviour should include helping patients improve their self-esteem and reducing depression and guilt feelings.     

Suicide attempt and suicidal ideation and their associations with demographic and clinical correlates and quality of life in Chinese schizophrenia patients

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of lifetime suicide attempts and current suicidal ideation in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients in China.

Method

A sample of 540 schizophrenia patients was randomly selected in Beijing, China. All subjects were interviewed using standardized assessment instruments and their basic socio-demographic and clinical data including history of suicide attempts were collected.

Results

The prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts and the point prevalence of suicidal ideation were 12.0 %, and 21.1 %, respectively. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the presence of lifetime suicide attempt was independently associated with rural residence, having major medical conditions and better social functioning, while higher likelihood of current suicidal ideation was associated with past suicide attempt, the severity of overall psychopathology and depressive symptoms and lower psychological quality of life (QOL).

Conclusion

Among Chinese outpatients with schizophrenia, increased current symptoms and poorer QOL were correlated with current suicidal ideation, while demographic factors and indicators of greater social support were mostly correlated with lifetime suicide attempts. This study may help to identify important subgroups of patients with schizophrenia at particularly high risk of suicidal behavior.     

The prevalence of comorbid substance misuse and its influence on suicidal ideation among in-patients with schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence, and identify the clinical correlates of comorbid substance misuse (abuse or dependence) among readmissions with schizophrenia, particularly to establish whether comorbid substance misuse is associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. METHOD: Over 12 months, consecutive readmissions from a catchment area psychiatric service with DSM-IV schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder were assessed using clinical assessments of symptomatology including depression, insight and compliance. Comorbid substance misuse was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: Of 102 readmissions 40% had lifetime, while 20% had current comorbid substance misuse and were predominately young males. Comorbid substance misuse had no statistically significant impact on positive, negative or depressive symptomatology. However, those currently misusing substances reported more suicidal ideation compared with past or non-substance misusers. CONCLUSION: Readmissions with comorbid substance misuse were more likely to report suicidal ideation, and may represent a group of individuals who are at higher risk of suicide.     

Characteristics of schizophrenic patients with a history of suicide attempt

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the suicide attempt history among schizophrenic patients and compare their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with schizophrenic patients without a history of suicide attempt.

METHOD Sixty schizophrenic patients according to DSM-IV criteria were included in the study. Half of the patients were in acute phase and receiving inpatient treatment, while the other half were in stable phase and outpatients. The sample was subdivided into two subsamples according to the presence/absence of lifetime suicidal attempts.

RESULTS History of suicide attempt was found in 27 (45%) of the patients. The rate of having suicidal ideation, depression, paranoid type schizophrenia and first-degree relatives with psychiatric disorder was high among the group with suicide attempt history. Depression and insight scores were high and PANSS Negative symptoms subscale score was low among the patients with suicide attempt history. There were no significant differences between the two groups according to the scores of PANSS Positive symptoms and General Psychopathology subscales.

CONCLUSION The high rate of suicide attempt history in our sample suggests that risk of suicide has to be determined and protective measures have to be taken while planning inpatient and outpatient treatment of these patients. Suicide attempt history is a risk factor for suicide ideation and is also related to depressive symptoms and high insight score and low negative symptoms score.     

Psychotic-like experiences and their relationship to suicidal ideation in adolescents

Studies have suggested that psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are associated with behavioral problems in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between domains of PLEs, suicidal ideation, and depression in a large community sample of adolescents. The sample consisted of 8096 Korean subjects (3184 boys and 4912 girls) aged 14 to 19 years. The level of PLEs, depression, and suicidal ideation were assessed by the Eppendorf schizophrenia inventory (ESI), Beck's depression inventory, and Beck's scale for suicidal ideation, respectively. Both the level of depression and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with PLEs. Among the four domains of the ESI, the deviant perception, ideas of reference, and auditory uncertainty were associated with the suicidal ideation. Additionally, subjects with more PLEs had significantly more suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. PLEs in adolescents are associated with potential risk of suicide and depressive symptoms significantly mediated the association between suicidal ideation and PLEs. The presence of perceptual disturbances, ideas of reference, and depression may be regarded as warning signs for suicide-related behaviors.