术中内镜在隐源性小肠出血中的临床价值

[目的]探讨术中内镜对隐源性小肠出血的诊疗价值.[方法]回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2011年1月48例隐源性小肠出血剖腹探查患者行术中内镜检查的临床资料,总结和评价其应用价值.[结果]48例患者通过术中内镜明确了出血原因,阳性检出率100％,其中十二指肠水平部间质瘤4例,血管瘤4例,Dieulafoy病2例,小肠间质瘤3例,小肠腺瘤性息肉4例,回肠淋巴瘤3例,回肠末段非特异性溃疡4例,小肠海绵状血管瘤10例,小肠动静脉畸形11例,胆肠吻合口曲张静脉出血2例,胰肠吻合口溃疡出血1例.检查平均用时(9±1.6) min,未发生术中内镜相关性并发症.根据术中内镜诊断行小肠楔形切除17例,部分肠段切除31例,无手术死亡病例,所有患者术后随访1～4年,未发生再出血.[结论]术中内镜是目前小肠全面检查的最终手段,对隐源性小肠出血具有重要价值,不仅能提高病变检出率,而且定位、定性准确,安全快速.     

25例不明原因小肠出血的胶囊内镜检查分析

目的评价胶囊内镜对不明原因小肠出血的诊断价值。方法分析该科25例不明原因小肠出血的胶囊内镜检查结果，并与小肠钡餐、血管造影进行比较。结果患者症状为：鲜血便7例、暗红色或黑便16例、便潜血阳性2例。病程平均41．08个月，贫血者血色素最低水平平均为56g/L，13例进行了平均量为800ml的输血治疗。25例患者中检查成功24例，栓出小肠病变23例，明确小肠出血部位及病因20例，诊断率为83．33％。病因包括：血管畸形11例，平滑肌瘤4例，Crohn病1例，霍奇金淋巴瘤1例，十二指肠球炎1例，小肠糜烂或溃疡2例。胶囊内镜病变检出明显高于小肠钡餐、血管造影。结论不明原因小肠出血患者对胶囊内镜检查具有良好的耐受性，胶囊内镜是小肠出血诊断的有效手段。     

不同年龄段不明原因消化道出血患者的胶囊内镜检查结果分析

目的 分析不同年龄段不明原因消化道出血（OGIB）患者的胶囊内镜检查结果,探讨不同年龄段患者的出血原因.方法 选取2010年7月至2017年7月OGIB行胶囊内镜检查的患者129例,分为青年组、中年组及老年组,采集患者信息,对胶囊内镜检查结果进行汇总分析.结果 129例患者中126例完成胶囊内镜检查,95例发现病灶,诊断阳性率75.40％.老年组最常见病因为小肠血管发育不良（41.46％）及小肠黏膜糜烂（26.83％）,中年组为小肠溃疡（27.90％）及小肠黏膜糜烂（20.93％）,青年组为小肠溃疡（40.48％）.青年组胶囊内镜在小肠运行时间最短,检查结果阴性率最高.结论 胶囊内镜检查对不明原因消化道出血有良好的诊断价值,不同年龄段患者主要出血原因有差异性.     

胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值

目的：探讨胶囊内镜诊断小肠疾病的应用价值。方法：分析总结25例怀疑小肠疾病患者行Given胶囊内镜检查的临床资料。结果：25例受检者中发现小肠息肉3例,小肠血管畸形5例（其中并出血2例）,小肠克罗恩病1例,小肠炎症8例,回肠憩室1例,小肠钩虫病1例,阴性6例,小肠病变检出率为76％;同时检出胃溃疡1例,结肠溃疡1例。胶囊内镜平均检查时间为473min,平均排出时间为2．3d。结论：胶囊内镜检查操作简单、安全无创伤,尤其适用于年老体弱或不能耐受有创性检查的患者。对不明原因消化道出血或腹痛患者具有较高的诊断价值,可以作为小肠疾病首选检查方法。     

术中内镜诊断小肠出血的临床应用

目的：探讨诊断小肠出血的有效方法。方法：在剖腹探查术中，利用内镜透照方法检查全小肠。结果：对17例小肠出血皆成功地检出了出血部位和原因。结论：术中内镜检查是诊断小肠出血简便、有效的方法。     

小肠出血的早期诊断

[目的]分析小肠出血的原因和诊断方法。[方法]对29例经手术治疗的小肠出血患者进行回顾性分析。[结果]出血原因中肿瘤占37．9％．血管畸形31％．憩室10．3％．出血部位在空肠10例．回肠19例。16例患者行选择性肠系膜上动脉造影术．10例(62．5％)与手术结果相符,5例术中肉眼找不到出血部位惠者结合内镜检查明确诊断．1例经动脉注射美蓝溶液确诊。[结论]正确诊断小肠出血要运用多种手段．包括血管造影、小肠气钡双重造影。剖腹探查结合术中内镜检查等．从而为手术治疗提供可靠的依据。     

胶囊内镜在消化道出血的临床应用研究

目的:探讨胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血患者中的诊断价值和,临床应用.方法:对69例经电子胃镜和电子结肠镜检查无异常的不明原因消化道出血患者采用胶囊内镜检查,总结分析其临床资料.结果:65例患者顺利完成检查,其中46例发现小肠病变,阳性检出率70.8%.胶囊内镜检查中无任何不适和并发症.结论:胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血有较高的诊断价值,是一种安全有效的方法.     

胶囊内镜在不明原因消化道出血病因诊断中的应用

目的 评价胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血的诊断价值.方法 对26例不明原因消化道出血患者行胶囊内镜检查的结果.结果 肠道血管畸形11例,十二指肠腺癌1例,回肠脂肪瘤1例,小肠克罗恩病3例,小肠息肉3例,十二指肠憩室炎1例,多发性小肠溃疡3例,阴性3例,病变检出率为88.5%(23/26例).部分病例经手术病理证实.结论 胶囊内镜检查安全、无创,对不明原因消化道出血具有较高的诊断价值.     

术中内镜检查在隐源性消化道出血中的诊断价值

该文报告１１例隐源性消化道出血患者施行术中内镜检查情况。１０例于小肠中段切口置镜，１例手术探查时发现小肠病变，切除病变肠段后于端端吻合前行内镜检查。发现小肠出血性病变１０例，１例位于结肠脾曲，以血管性病变为最多（８／１１），术中术后未发生并发症。说明术中内镜检查对原因不明的消化道出血具有较好的诊断兼辅助治疗作用。     

胶囊内镜对不明原因消化道出血患者临床诊断价值

不明原因消化道出血（OGIB）系指经过食管-胃-十二指肠镜检查、结肠镜检查、小肠放射学检查如小肠钡餐造影或小肠钡灌肠检查,无明确病因的持续或者反复胃肠道出血。其发病率在消化道出血中约占5％。0GIB的出血部位多位于小肠,常规内镜和传统检查方法对其诊断价值有限。胶囊内镜的出现开创了全小肠直视性检查的先河。且患者毫无痛苦,从而对小肠病变的诊断有了很大的提高。本院在2004年5月-2008年10月间对32例不明原因消化道出血患者进行了胶囊内镜检查,现总结如下。     

小肠血管病变致下消化道出血的诊治

目的：探讨小肠血管病变致下消化道出血的诊治。方法：对25例小肠血管病变致下消化道出血的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：小肠血管病变动静脉畸形为主要病因。占52．0％(13／25)。肠系膜血管造影阳性诊断率为83．3％(15／18)，术中内镜检查阳性率为77．8％(7／9)。18例患一次手术成功。4例患经再手术成功。总治愈率为88．0％。结论：肠系膜血管造影是有效的术前诊断方法。术中注射美兰染色肠管、术中内镜检查是术中重要的诊治措施。     

Is early endoscopy in the emergency room beneficial in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer? A "fortuitously controlled" study

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In previous randomized trials, early endoscopy improved the outcome in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer, though most of these studies defined "early" as endoscopy performed within 24 hours after admission. Using the length of hospital stay as the primary criterion for the clinical outcome, we compared the results of endoscopy done immediately after admission (early endoscopy in the emergency room, EEE) with endoscopy postponed to a time within the first 24 hours after hospitalization, but still during normal working hours ("delayed" endoscopy in the endoscopy unit, DEU). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 81 consecutive patients with bleeding peptic ulcer admitted in 1997 and 1998 (age range 16 - 90 years). Of these 81 patients, 38 underwent DEU (the standard therapy at the hospital) and 43 underwent EEE. Patients in the two groups were comparable with regard to admission criteria, were equally distributed with respect to their risk of adverse outcome (assessed using the Baylor bleeding score and the Rockall score), and differed only in the treatment they received. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed whenever possible in all patients with Forrest types I, IIa, and IIb ulcer bleeding. RESULTS: We found similar rates in the two groups for recurrent bleeding (16 % in DEU patients vs. 14 % in EEE patients), persistent bleeding (8 % in DEU patients vs. none in EEE patients), medical complications (21 % in DEU patients vs. 26 % in EEE patients), the need for surgery (8 % in DEU patients vs. 9 % in EEE patients), and the length of hospital stay (5.1 days for DEU patients vs. 5.9 days for EEE patients). None of the differences between the two groups in these parameters were statistically significant. None of the patients died. CONCLUSIONS: Early endoscopy in an emergency room did not improve the clinical outcome in our 81 consecutive patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.     

Overlooked lesions at emergency endoscopy for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Excessive blood covering the examination field is a frequent cause of diagnostic failure in emergency endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The implications and outcome in these patients have not been well described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records for 1459 consecutive patients who presented at our medical center with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding during a 15-month period were reviewed. All of the patients underwent emergency endoscopy within 24 h of initial presentation. Patients in whom an identifiable bleeding source was not found in spite of an overtly bloody lumen were designated as having a failure of diagnosis, and these cases were analyzed further. RESULTS: Diagnosis failed in 25 patients (1.7 %), 16 of whom underwent repeat endoscopy or surgical intervention. Bleeding vessels were identified in 13 of these patients. Gastric and duodenal ulcers were the most commonly overlooked lesions, with locations in the cardia (n = 3), fundus (n = 2), posterior wall of the antrum (n = 1), duodenal bulb (n = 3), second part of the duodenum (n = 2), and in the stoma of a Billroth II gastrectomy (n = 2). The rates for endoscopic complications, recurrent bleeding, surgery, and mortality were significantly higher in the group with diagnostic failure than in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom diagnosis did not fail (8 % vs. 0.4 %; 20 % vs. 3.1 %; 16 % vs. 2.9 %; and 20 % vs. 3.6 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, diagnostic failure is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The data from this study emphasize the importance of good preparation before the procedure and adequate removal of blood during emergency endoscopy procedures.     

胃早癌患者内镜下黏膜剥离术后二次内镜检查的临床影响

目的评价二次内镜是否能够预防内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)伴迟发性出血及确定何种病变需要二次内镜检查。方法共纳入2014年10月-2016年9月经组织学诊断的胃早癌患者98例,ESD术后24 h出现黏膜破损相关性出血认为是迟发性出血。回顾性研究患者病变及手术相关因素,行二次内镜检查前后的出血率。结果 98例患者整块切除率为100.0%,所有病灶切缘为阴性,无消化道穿孔及死亡严重并发症发生。ESD术后迟发性出血发生率5.1%(5/98),均已在二次内镜下成功止血,无1例手术、迟发性出血阴性者,随访无再出血发生。40.0%迟发性出血者(2/5)给予输血。ESD术后二次内镜检查的时间中位数是术后第2天(1~3 d),5例ESD术后迟发性出血患者出血时间中位数是术后第1天(1~10 d),手术持续时间中位数是75 min(60~150 min),预测成功率94.9%。单因素分析结果表明;年龄[(69.6±7.9)vs(60.9±10.1)岁,P=0.003],手术时间[(90.0±41.0)vs(66.0±42.0)min,P=0.000]是迟发性出血组和无出血组的2个危险因素。二元Logistic回归分析显示:手术时间(OR=1.07,95%CI:0.73~14.63,P=0.010)是ESD迟发性出血唯一预测因素。结论二次内镜检查预防胃ESD术后迟发性出血可能有效,尤其在ESD术后48 h内,操作时间是胃ESD术后迟发性出血的独立危险因素。     

术中内镜检查对上消化道大出血的诊断意义

该文报告对上消化道大出血病人术中施行内镜检查28例，其中经口腔插镜10例，经胃肠切口置镜18例。发现出血病灶26例（92.9％）。经手术治愈25例，死亡3例。其中2例镜检时分不清真正出血原因，水后再度出血死亡，1例镜检时出现心跳骤停，水后昏迷死亡。文中就水中镜检的指征、方法、镜检与手术探查的关系及临床应用应注意的问题进行了讨论。     

内镜下钛夹和(或)尼龙圈套辅助电切术治疗大肠有蒂巨大息肉的临床应用

目的评价内镜下钛夹、尼龙圈套辅助高频电切术治疗大肠有蒂巨大息肉的效果及安全性。方法对41例患者共43枚大肠有蒂巨大息肉分别采用内镜下钛夹和(或)尼龙圈套辅助电切术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 43枚巨大息肉中,结肠26枚,直肠17枚。其中14枚息肉采用尼龙圈套+高频电切术治疗,24枚息肉采用钛夹+高频电切术治疗,5枚息肉采用尼龙圈套+钛夹+高频电切术治疗,均未出现穿孔,术中出血1例;术后迟发性出血2例,急诊内镜下加用钛夹止血成功,无其它并发症发生。结论采用金属钛夹、尼龙圈套辅助高频电切术,能有效预防大肠有蒂巨大息肉切除术中和术后出血,是大肠有蒂巨大息肉内镜下治疗安全有效的联合治疗技术。     

Predictors of peptic ulcer rebleeding after scheduled second endoscopy: clinical or endoscopic factors?

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In a previous study we demonstrated the efficacy of second-look endoscopy with therapy within 16 - 24 hours after index endoscopy in reducing major recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding. In this study, we sought to identify factors that might predict further rebleeding after this scheduled second-look endoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 249 patients (181 men, 68 women) with acute bleeding peptic ulcers who were treated at the United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong from 1999 to 2002 and who underwent a scheduled second endoscopy. Those patients who developed rebleeding after the second endoscopy were evaluated, and possible predictive factors for rebleeding were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the 249 patients who underwent scheduled second-look endoscopy, 17 patients (6.8 %) developed rebleeding: seven of these patients were treated by another endoscopic therapy; ten patients required surgery. The overall mortality rate was 3.1 %. A logistic regression analysis performed on the possible predictive factors for rebleeding found that the following factors were associated with a significant risk of further rebleeding after scheduled second endoscopy: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III or grade IV status (odds ratio 3.81, 95 % CI 1.27 - 11.44), ulcer size greater than 1.0 cm (odds ratio 4.69, 95 % CI 1.60 - 13.80), and a finding of persistent stigmata of recent hemorrhage at the scheduled second endoscopy (odds ratio 6.65, 95 % CI 2.11 - 20.98). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic factors, including large ulcer size and the persistence of endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage are important predictors for recurrent bleeding after scheduled second endoscopy.     

内镜下尼龙圈套扎治疗消化性溃疡大出血的临床观察及护理

目的探讨内镜下尼龙圈套扎对消化性溃疡大出血的治疗价值及护理。方法对37例消化性溃疡大出血患者采用内镜下尼龙圈套扎止血,术后密切观察病情及合理的饮食护理。结果37例消化性溃疡大出血病人,36例即时止血成功,且无复发出血及穿孔。结论尼龙圈套扎是一种安全有效的内镜下治疗消化性溃疡大出血的方法,高质量的术前术后护理是手术成功的重要因素之一,耐心细致的健康教育是防止复发的重要环节之一。     

鼻内镜下鼻止血术后再出血的鼻内镜处理

目的：探讨鼻内镜下鼻止血术后再次出血的鼻内镜下处理技巧及疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年1月符合入选标准的我科住院行鼻内镜鼻止血术后再出血患者的临床资料，随访3个月，分析患者出血高危因素，观察再次鼻内镜下鼻止血效果，总结技术要点。 结果：共入选53例鼻内镜下鼻止血术后再出血患者，年龄31~79岁，平均58.6岁；女性10例（18.87%），男性43例（81.13%）。再出血发生于首次鼻内镜下止血后0.5 h~23 d；其中出血发生于24 h 内25例（47.18%），24~72 h12例（22.64%），72 h~7 d 8例（15.09%），7~30 d 8例（15.09%）。所有患者均再次接受经鼻内镜下鼻止血术，术后即刻止血成功率100%，术后随访3个月2例发生间断少量出血，对症治疗后出血停止，其余患者未再有活动性出血。 结论：鼻内镜下鼻止血术后再出血采用鼻内镜再次处理有效。     

术中内镜在急性消化道大出血急诊剖腹探查术中的应用价值

目的 探讨术中内镜在急性消化道大出血患者行急诊剖腹探查术中的应用价值及其安全性。方法对25例急性消化道大出血行急诊剖腹探查的患者进行术中内镜检查，评价其应用价值。结果25例术中内镜检查有24例明确了出血原因，检出率达96．0％。术中内镜平均用时13min，无一例术中内镜受检者发生术中内镜相关性并发症。所有患者均根据术中内镜诊断进行了相关手术治疗，术后无一例再出血。结论急性消化道大出血患者术中内镜的应用，不仅提高了病变的检出率，而且能对病灶进行准确定位与定性，可提高剖腹探查的成功率。