入院血糖对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者冠脉病变及预后的影响

目的探讨非糖尿病患者入院时血糖水平与急性心肌梗死（AMI）冠脉病变程度及预后的关系。方法根据入院时血糖水平将94例经皮介入治疗（PCI）的非糖尿病的AMI患者分为2组,A组48例（血糖〈7.8 mmol/L）,B组46例（血糖≥7.8 mmol/L）。对比两组病人的平均住院日、射血分数、溶栓再通率、严重心律失常发生率、病死率及冠脉造影结果。结果 B组患者的射血分数明显低于A组、病死率明显高于A组（P〈0.05）,但两组患者的平均住院时间、溶栓再通率、严重心律失常发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;B组发生多支血管病变的比例明显高于A组（P〈0.05）。结论非糖尿病AMI患者入院时血糖高者往往伴有多支血管病变,其心功能差,病死率高,入院时血糖水平可作为非糖尿病AMI患者预后判断的重要指标之一。     

急性心肌梗死患者早期血糖增高的临床意义

目的探讨非糖尿病急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者早期血糖增高的临床意义.方法收集357例AMI患者临床资料,根据其入院空腹血糖（FBS）水平,将其分为血糖正常组（FBS＜7.0 mmol/L,n=112）、血糖轻度升高组（7.0 mmol/L≤FBS＜11.1 mmol/L,n=152）和血糖高度升高组（FBS≥11.1 mmol/L,n=93）,对比分析各组患者住院并发症、病死率、梗死面积、心肌酶及左心室功能.结果血糖增高组患者的住院并发症、病死率、复合壁梗死发生率及心肌酶显著高于血糖正常组（P＜0.01）,且空腹血糖升高程度与以上各项指标成正相关.而在左室功能方面,血糖增高组显著差于正常组（P＜0.01）,且与血糖增高程度成负相关.结论AMI患者早期血糖增高提示病情重,梗死面积大、并发症多、预后差及病死率高.     

女性急性心肌梗死患者入院时血糖水平与预后关系的研究

目的 探讨入院时高血糖对女性急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者住院期间预后的影响.方法 对我院心脏内科1988年1月至2007年12月接诊的171例无糖尿病史的女性急性AMI患者根据其入院时血糖水平分为3组.第Ⅰ组:69例,血糖水平<6.1 mmol/L;第Ⅱ组:49例,血糖水平6.1～7.8 mmol/L;第Ⅲ组:53例,血糖水平>7.8 mmol/L.对3组患者的一般临床情况、梗死部位、主要并发症发生率和病死率进行比较.结果 ①3组患者在一般临床情况、梗死部位方面差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);②第Ⅲ组患者住院期间心力衰竭、心源性休克、严重心律失常发生率明显高于第Ⅰ组、第Ⅱ组患者[心力衰竭发生率:第Ⅰ组30.43%(21/69),第Ⅱ组32.65%(16/49),第Ⅲ组58.49%(31/53);心源性休克发生率:第Ⅰ组5.80%(4/69),第Ⅱ组8.16%(4/49),第Ⅲ组24.53%(13/53);严重心律失常发生率:第Ⅰ组24.64%(17/69),第Ⅱ组30.61%(15/49),第Ⅲ组54.72%(29/53)],差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).第Ⅲ组患者院内病死率[28.30%(15/53)]显著高于第Ⅰ组[13.04%(9/69)]患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 女性AMI患者入院血糖水平增高时,住院期间心力衰竭、心源性休克、严重心律失常的发生率及病死率均明显增加.     

非糖尿病性持续性高血糖与一过性高血糖对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

【目的】探讨非糖尿病性持续性高血糖对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者预后影响。【方法】将2010年8月至2012年8月本院收治的125例A M I住院患者排除糖尿病后,根据住院期间患者随机血糖值分为：A组（入院24 h后空腹血糖＜6．1 mmol/L ）;B 组（入院24 h 后空腹血糖＜6．1 mmol/L 且随机血糖＜9．0 mmol/L ）;C组（入院24 h后空腹血糖≥6．1 mmol/L或随机血糖≥9．0 mmol/L ）。分析比较各组恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、死亡的发生率。【结果】C组恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、死亡发生率均高于A组、B组,且差异有显著性（P ＜0．05）。B组恶性心律失常及心力衰竭的发生率均高于A组,且差异有显著性（P ＜0．05）,A组与B组死亡的发生率相比较差异无显著性（ P＞0．05）。【结论】非糖尿病性持续性高血糖AMI患者的预后较一过性高血糖患者的预后差,检测其血糖水平对判断此类患者的预后具有一定的临床意义。     

不同年龄组急性心肌梗死患者心室晚电位发生情况分析

【目的】探讨心室晚电位（VLP）在不同年龄组急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的阳性率差别。[方法]中国医科大学附属第一医院心血管内科2011年2～8月收治的AMI患者357例：其中高龄老年（≥80岁）AMI组32例,老年（60～79岁）AMI组154例、非老年（34～59岁）AMI组171例进行VLP检测。【结果】高龄老年AMI组32例患者中,VLP阳性23例（71．9％）;老年AMI组154例患者中,VLP阳性82例（53．2％）;非老年AMI组171例患者中,VLP阳性74例（43．3％）,三组VLP阳性率差别有统计学意义（x^2=9．87,P〈0．01）。VLP阳性179例患者中,发生恶性室性心律失常（包括室颤、室速）的27例（15．1％）,VLP阴性178例患者中,发生恶性室性心律失常的11例（6．2％）,差异有统计学意义（x^2=7．44,P〈0．01）。[结论]：IAMI患者随着年龄的增高,VLP阳性率明显上升。VLP阳性患者恶性心律失常发生率明显高于VLP阴性患者。尽早进行心电监护并检测VLP对预防和避免老年AMI恶性室性心律失常有重要意义。     

急性心肌梗死患者静脉溶栓对QTd的影响及其临床意义

【目的】探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者静脉溶栓对QT离散度（QTd）的影响,并评价其与近期恶性室性心律失常的相关性。【方法】将158例AMI静脉溶栓的患者分为再通组和未再通组,比较溶栓前、溶栓后24h的QTd变化,同时观察两组患者溶栓治疗后一周内恶性室性心律失常的发生情况,分析其与QTd的相关性。【结果】静脉溶栓再通组QTd明显减少（P〈0．01）,未再通组无明显变化（P〉0．05）;再通组恶性室性心律失常发生率明显低于未再通组（12．7％比32．1％,P〈0．01）。AMI伴恶性室性心律失常者的QTd明显大于无恶性室性心律失常者（P〈0．01）。【结论】成功的静脉溶栓能显著减少AMI患者的QTd,降低恶性室性心律失常的发生率;QTd对判断静脉溶栓疗效、评价AMI近期预后具有一定的临床参考价值。     

67例急性心肌梗死患者血糖水平与预后的关系

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血糖水平与预后的关系。方法选择本院67例确诊的非糖尿病AMI住院患者分为两组,AMI合并血糖升高(A组)35例,AMI伴血糖正常(B组)32例,观察两组患者的磷酸肌酸激酶、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶和心力衰竭、心源性休克、心律失常发生率及近期死亡率。结果 A组患者的心肌酶谱明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者心力衰竭、心源性休克、心律失常发生率及近期死亡率明显高于B组,差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血糖升高与AMI的预后密切相关,应予以高度警惕。     

老年2型糖尿病患者急性心肌梗死的临床分析

目的研究老年2型糖尿病患者急性心肌梗死（AMI）的临床特征。方法研究性别、吸烟、高血压、血脂紊乱、梗死前有无心绞痛、是否行溶栓治疗、梗死范同、严重心律失常、心源性休克、心力衰竭的发生率和病死率的比较。结果糖尿病组25例和非糖尿病组70例，男性分别为76％、87.14％，女性分别为24％、12.86％；高血压发生率分别为60％、34.29％，吸烟发生率分别为40％、62.86％（均P〈0.05）；严重心律失常发生率分别为44％、21.43％，病死率分别为36％、12.86％（均P〈0.05），心力衰竭发生率分别为52％、24.29％（P〈0.01）。结论糖尿病组AMI女性患病率有增高的趋势；糖尿病组AMI的主要危险因素为高血压，非糖尿病组AMI的主要危险因素为吸烟；糖尿病组AMI患者心力衰竭、严重心律失常发生率高、病死率高、预后差。     

非糖尿病患者急性心肌梗死血糖增高对预后的影响

目的:探讨非糖尿病患者急性心肌梗死(AMI)血糖增高与临床预后的关系.方法:选择无糖尿病病史的AMI患者386例,入院次日测定空腹血糖(FBS),107例血糖正常;279例血糖增高,其中160例给予胰岛素或阿卡波糖控制血糖,119例未采取任何干预措施.入院第7天检测FBS并行糖耐量试验(OGTT),选择FBS及OGTT均正常者,并根据首次血糖测定水平分为A、B两组,比较两组心肌酶、心肌梗死面积、30天病死率.结果:386例中121例非糖尿病患者出现血糖增高,发生率为31.3%,其心肌酶、心肌梗死面积及30天病死率与血糖正常者比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).血糖干预组与未干预组急性心肌梗死患者30天内并发症及病死率比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:非糖尿病AMI患者血糖增高提示预后较差,其血糖水平可作为判断临床预后的指标.     

AMI患者QTd、Tp-e和Tp-e／QT的临床意义

目的：探讨AMI患者QT离散度（QTd）、T波峰末间期（Tp-e）和Tp-e/QT的临床意义。方法AMI 患者（AMI 组）和健康成人（对照组）100名,AMI 患者又分室性心律失常组（38例）和无室性心律失常组（62例）,对比分析AMI组和对照组及有、无室性心律失常组的QTd、Tp-e和Tp-e/QT。结果AMI 组的 Tp-e、Tp-e/QT 明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;AMI患者中室性心律失常组Tp-e、Tp-e/QT均明显高于无室性心律失常组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;QTd在各组间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论AMI患者Tp-e、Tp-e/QT比健康对照组延长,且与室性心律失常的发生有密切关系。     

高龄急性心肌梗死室性心律失常与QT间期离散度的关系

目的　探讨 70岁以上的老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者室性心律失常与QTcd的关系。方法　回顾性单盲法分析 10 0例 70岁以上老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)发病 2 4h内首次心电图未校正的QT离散度(QTd)、心率校正QT离散度 (QTcd)。结果　 5 5例QTcd大于 6 0ms患者室性心律失常发生率明显高于QTcd小于 6 0ms的患者。结论　老年急性心肌梗死QTcd增高是导致室性心律失常的原因之一 ,早期测定QTcd是防止心律失常导致猝死的重要检测内容     

Urinary Excretion of Catecholamines and their Main Metabolites after Myocardial Infarction; Relationship to the Clinical Syndrome

Abstract Serial measurements of the urinary excretion of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), normetanephrine + meta-nephrine (NMN) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) have been made in 18 patients with acute myocardial infarction and in 2 patients with severe and recurrent episodes of angina pectoris. The urinary excretion of these 4 compounds was significantly elevated in the patients with myocardial infarction whereas it was within the normal range in the 2 patients with angina pectoris. — NA+A / NMN+VMA ratio was calculated in the 18 patients with myocardial infarction. This ratio was significantly higher in the patients (during the first 4 days after the onset of the infarction) than in the controls. This may indicate that the rate of enzymatic inactivation of NA and A is relatively decreased after myocardial infarction.— The excretion of catecholamines and metabolites was found to be higher in patients with hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) and heart failure, than in patients without these complications. Frequent and. severe ventricular arrhythmias were observed in the 6 patients with the highest urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites. Among the 12 patients who had a less marked increase in excretion of these compounds, 2 had episodes of ventricular arrhythmias, 5 had supraventricular arrhythmia and 5 had no complications. — Our results suggest that in most cases of myocardial infarction, the marked release of catecholamines is accompanied by a decreased rate of inactivation of these amines. This must lead to high levels of circulating catecholamines which could be related to the development of arrhythmias.     

Influence of carbon monoxide (CO) on the early course of acute myocardial infarction

Objective To clarify the influence of an elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) blood level on the course of acute myocardial infarction and to evaluate the administration of supplemental oxygen on the COHb level and the incidence of complications.Design Prospective clinical study with randomized, unblinded intervention.Setting Coronary Care Unit of a university hospital.Patients 78 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. Excluded were patients with severe dyspnea, pulmonary edema or any other medical indication for supplemental oxygen therapy.Interventions Randomized therapy with 4l/min oxygen in 35 patients.Measurements and results: COHb was measured at admission and 4 h later. The incidence of serious arrhythmias and the maximal creatine kinase (CK) values were recorded. In patients with initial COHb5%, there were significantly more arrhythmias and significantly higher maximal CK values than in those with normal COHb at admission (89 vs 33%,p<0.001; and 1897±1602 u/l vs 960±1097 u/l,p=0.05). This effect was seen only in patients with Q-wave infarction, not in those with non-Q-wave infarction. Supplemental oxygen had no effect on the incidence of arrhythmias.Conclusions We conclude that myocardial infarction patients with acute Q-wave infarction and increased COHb levels at admission suffer a more severe course of the disease. This outcome was not influenced by oxygen therapy. Whether this finding indicates a causal relationship and whether higher oxygen concentrations would favorably alter the course of acute myocardial infarction remain to be determined.     

The urinary excretion of DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Urinary excretion of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine and noradrenaline was studied in 36 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The group included 18 patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction and 18 patients with infarction complicated by heart failure and/or cardiac arrhythmias. Two patients died during hospitalization.The excretion of DOPA was higher in patients with myocardial infarction than in the control group. The increase was greater in uncomplicated infarction than in infarction with a complicated clinical course. In contrast, the urinary excretion of dopamine and noradrenalin was higher in complicated infarction. The possible causes of different behaviour of DOPA and catecholamines in relation to the clinical course of myocardial infarction are discussed.     

Outcome of patients with cardiac diseases admitted to coronary care units: a report from Lazio, Italy

BACKGROUND: Coronary care units (CCUs) currently treat a variety of diseases, but little is known about the effectiveness of CCUs on heart conditions other than acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between direct admission to CCUs and the risk of inhospital death in patients with heart disease, to investigate factors affecting direct admission to a CCU, and to assess the effect of CCU admission on the use of invasive procedures in patients with arrhythmias. RESEARCH DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective analysis of discharge-abstract data from Lazio, Italy, hospitals. We used logistic regression, propensity score, and instrumental variable analysis to compare inhospital risk of death between patients admitted to CCUs and to ordinary wards in 13 different groups of heart disease. We used linear regression to study the association between the rate of CCU admission and the relative risk of death. RESULTS: The study included 181,049 heart disease admissions, of which 8620 were admitted to CCUs (4.8%). Risk of death was significantly lower in patients admitted directly to CCUs for "acute myocardial infarction" (odds ratio [OR], 0.57), "acute ischemic heart disease" (OR, 0.55), and "other arrhythmias" (OR, 0.56). Mortality ORs were inversely related to the rate of CCU admission. CCU patients with arrhythmias received more invasive procedures (OR, 2.70) than non-CCU patients. CONCLUSION: Direct admission to a CCU is associated with a decrease in mortality for patients with "acute myocardial infarction," "acute heart ischemia," and "other arrhythmias." Patients most likely to benefit from CCU care are preferentially admitted to CCUs. CCUs make larger use of invasive procedures than ordinary wards.     

临时起搏在急性下壁心肌梗死中的临床应用

目的:探讨临时起搏在急性下壁心肌梗死接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)患者中应用的适应证及时机。方法:回顾性分析我院2003年1月至2013年1月成功行急诊PCI的下壁心肌梗死213例的临床资料,其中行临时起搏治疗84例,未行临时起搏治疗129例。结果:临时起搏并不减少急性下壁心肌梗死的住院心血管事件发生率,且长时间使用(48 h)或保护性临时起搏在急性下壁心肌梗死患者中增加室性心律失常、感染、心脏破裂的机会,且延长住院日。结论:临时起搏在急性下壁心肌梗死中的应用应严格把握指征并尽快拔除。     

急性心肌梗死再灌注心律失常124例分析

目的 :探讨再灌注心律失常的临床特点。方法 :分析 168例急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 ,冠状动脉再通后心律失常的发生情况。结果 :12 4例 (73 8% )发生再灌注心律失常 ,其中 69例 (5 5 6% )为室性心律失常 ,7例(5 6% )发生室颤或持续性室性心动过速 ,3 6例 (2 9% )发生加速性室性自主心律。 5 1例 (4 1 1% )发生缓慢性心律失常 ,且均发生在下 /后壁梗死患者。结论 :再灌注心律失常发生率高 ,应引起警惕。加速性室性自主心律和缓慢性心律失常为予示再灌注的较可靠的临床指征     

老年人急性心肌梗死临床特点探讨

目的：探讨年龄因素对老年人急性心肌梗死临床特点的影响。方法：将32～92岁共153例急性心肌梗死病人按年龄分为3组进行临床分析。结果：随着年龄增长，≥70岁组女性患者明显增多，无痛性心肌梗死增多，心律失常，心力衰竭．心源性休克等并发症的发生率及死亡率均明显高于60～69岁组及32～59岁组。结论：年龄是急性心肌梗死发病及预后的重要影响因素之一，70岁以上老年人急性心肌梗死无痛性多见，并发症多，死亡率高。     

Stroke in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The analysis has been performed of 40 cases of acute myocardial infarction with concomitant stroke versus 26 cases of acute myocardial infarction alone. Being a complication of acute myocardial infarction in 0.94% of the cases, the stroke was ischemic in 95% and hemorrhagic in 5% of the patients. Association of the two events accounted for lethal outcomes in 80% of the cases. The principal factors of the stroke risk in myocardial infarction are suggested. They involve: an advanced age, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, diabetes mellitus, recurrent or transmural myocardial infarction, previous acute episodes of disturbed cerebral circulation, essential hypertension and hyperglycemia.     

1827例急性心肌梗死患者梗死部位的相关分析

目的　调查不同部位急性心肌梗死患者梗死的发病特点。方法　通过回顾病史 ,将符合诊断标准的住院患者按照不同发病部位分组 ,分别记录发病特点 ,了解不同发病部位的构成比 ,不同发病部位的男女构成比以及发病部位与病死率的关系。结果　符合条件的病例共 182 7例 ,前壁急性心肌梗死 (前壁、前间壁和广泛前壁 )占总发病的 4 5 8% ,其次是下壁急性心肌梗死组占 2 6 7%。在所有部位急性心肌梗死病例中 ,男性发病比例 (6 4 0 %～ 88 3% )与女性 (11 7%～ 36 0 % )相比均有很大差别 (P <0 0 5 )。各部位急性心肌梗死的病死率为 8 7%～ 2 0 6 %。除急性前壁合并下壁组心肌梗死病例病死率差异有显著性外 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其他部位急性心肌梗死患者的病死率与急性心肌梗死平均住院病死率相比差异未见显著性(P >0 0 5 )。结论　急性心肌梗死以前壁或下壁为主 ,男性仍是发生急性心肌梗死的主要人群 ,急性前壁和合并下壁心肌梗死的病死率显著高于急性心肌梗死平均病死率。