蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

[目的]研究蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用.[方法]建立大鼠原代培养心肌细胞缺氧损伤模型,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测心肌细胞代谢活力;胎盼兰染色法检测细胞成活率;比色法测定细胞外乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK)活性及细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量.[结果]与模型组比较,蕨麻正丁醇提取部位各剂量组细胞代谢活力及细胞成活率显著提高(P<0.01),并均可显著减少缺氧损伤引起的LDH、CK的外漏量(P<0.01),提高细胞SOD活性(JD<0.01),减少MDA的产生(P<0.01或P<0.05).[结论]蕨麻正丁醇部位具有抗心肌缺氧损伤作用,其途径之一可能与其抗自由基氧化的能力有关.     

雪莲抗缺氧胶囊对模拟高原缺氧小鼠脑组织损伤的保护作用

目的:研究雪莲抗缺氧胶囊对模拟高原缺氧环境小鼠脑组织的保护作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用常压密闭缺氧模型进行药效学考察,确定最优给药剂量;将BALB/C小鼠随机分为正常对照组、缺氧模型组、乙酰唑胺阳性药对照组和雪莲抗缺氧胶囊组,单次灌胃给药后,在模拟海拔8000m环境停留9小时,进行脑组织常规病理学和超微结构观察,并检测脑组织能量代谢和自由基代谢指标的变化。结果:雪莲抗缺氧胶囊750mg/kg剂量可使常压密闭缺氧小鼠获得最长存活时间(P0.01),可明显缓解模拟高原缺氧环境对小鼠脑组织的损伤,提高脑组织中Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase、PK、T-AOC活力,降低LD、MDA、MPO含量。结论:雪莲抗缺氧胶囊具有良好的抗高原缺氧作用,其机理与调节能量代谢和提高抗氧化能力有关。     

回心草心脏保护作用的活性部位筛选

目的探讨回心草各极性部位抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血及耐缺氧作用,初步筛选其活性部位。方法采用导联生理仪观察回心草不同极性部位对氯仿诱发小鼠室颤的作用;并采用常压耐缺氧、特异性心肌缺血、缺氧及小鼠断头模型,观察回心草各部位对小鼠存活时间的影响。结果回心草醋酸乙酯相低剂量和正丁醇相低剂量均可显著降低氯仿诱发小鼠室颤的发生率、延长心律失常出现时间;还可明显延长小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间,并可使特异性心肌缺血、缺氧小鼠存活时间显著增加,其中醋酸乙酯相各剂量还可显著延长断头小鼠张口动作持续时间。结论回心草可提高小鼠耐缺氧能力,具有明显的抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血作用,其95%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯及正丁醇部分可能是有效活性部位。     

生姜对小鼠缺氧耐受时间的影响

生姜是临床常用中药,具有解表散寒,化痰止咳,保肝利胆,抗炎止吐等药理作用。近年来人们发现,生姜不但具有明显的抗氧化及清除自由基的作用,而且具有明显提高脑缺血再灌注损伤时,脑组织的抗氧化活性。人们发现缺氧可使机体的自由基增多,清除自由基的能力下降。既然生姜具有抗氧化和清除自由基的作用,那么生姜是否也具有抗缺氧作用呢?本文以生姜不同提取物对小鼠耐常压密闭缺氧时间为指标,研究了生姜的抗缺氧作用。     

西藏红景天提取物抗缺氧作用的实验研究

本文对西藏红景天抗缺氧作用进行了研究.结果表明:西藏红景天不仅对常压缺氧和组织缺氧小鼠有保护作用,而且对特异性增加心脏耗氧的小鼠能够明显延长其生存时间,此外西藏红景天提取液对减压缺氧小鼠也有明显的保护作用,说明西藏红景天提取液确能增强整体动物在缺氧条件下的生存能力.本研究为西藏红景天的开发利用提供了实验依据.     

百合不同提取部位的药理活性比较

目的比较百合不同提取部位的药理活性。方法采用光电管法,以小鼠在程控自主活动箱中的自发活动数为指标,观察百合不同提取部位的镇静作用;采用常压耐缺氧及冰水浴游泳法,观察百合不同提取部位的抗应激损伤作用。结果结果证明百合的4号部位(即正丁醇部位)能明显减少小鼠的自发活动数,同时显著延长小鼠在常压下的耐缺氧时间及在冰水浴中的游泳时间。结论百合的正丁醇提取部位有明显的镇静及抗应激损伤的作用。     

锁阳抗缺氧活性部位的药理作用及机制研究

目的筛选锁阳中具有抗缺氧作用的活性部位,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用部位提取和大孔树脂-乙醇梯度洗脱的方法对锁阳中抗缺氧活性部位进行分离,复制常压密闭缺氧模型、高原低压缺氧模型,测定大脑含水量、脑和心肌中SOD活性、MDA含量、总蛋白及脑中乳酸含量。结果锁阳水提物和醇提物均能延长小鼠缺氧存活时间。锁阳水提取物的大孔树脂95%乙醇洗脱物(部位Ⅲ)能显著延长小鼠缺氧存活时间,减轻缺氧状态下小鼠大脑水肿,提高小鼠脑、心肌SOD活性,降低脑和心肌中MDA的含量,减少脑中乳酸的积累,增加心肌蛋白含量。结论锁阳有提高小鼠缺氧耐受的作用,其水提物部位Ⅲ具有较强的抗缺氧活性,能预防高原缺氧对脑与心肌的损伤,这与其提高缺氧时脑和心肌的SOD活性,防止膜脂质过氧化、减轻缺氧时脑中乳酸积累和增加心肌蛋白有关。     

蕨麻抗缺氧作用的实验研究

本文采用减压缺氧实验等方法进行了蕨麻抗缺氧作用的实验研究。结果显示：该药能提高小鼠在减压缺氧和窒息性缺氧状态下的存活率和存活时间，显著提高小鼠对氧的利用率和氧耗速度。     

康心复脉颗粒耐缺氧和活血化瘀作用的研究

目的：对康心复脉颗粒进行与功能主治相关的药理研究，为临床治疗提供佐证。方法：应用密闭容器造常压缺氧环境，观察康心复脉颗粒对小鼠耐缺氧能力的影响。皮下注射肾上腺素2次外加冷刺激造大鼠急性“血瘀”模型，观察对血瘀大鼠血液流变学指标的影响。结果：康心复脉颗粒对常压缺氧条件下的小鼠存活有明显的保护作用，可推迟死亡时间。能降低血瘀大鼠全血黏度、红细胞压积以及聚集指数，改善机体血液流变性，与模型对照比较有明显的差异。结论：康心复脉颗粒能提高小鼠耐缺氧能力。明显降低血液“浓、黏、聚、凝”状态，具有良好的活血化瘀作用。     

五加参冲剂抗缺氧作用研究

目的:研究以倒卵叶五加为主要组成的复方制剂-五加参冲剂的抗缺氧作用,探讨其抗缺氧作用机制,为五加参冲剂临床新用途提供实验依据。方法:采用小鼠常压耐缺氧实验观察五加参冲剂的常压耐缺氧能力;采用盐酸异丙肾上腺素致小鼠心肌缺血模型实验,观察五加参冲剂对心肌缺血性缺氧小鼠存活时间的影响;采用断头小鼠张口动作持续时间模型实验,观察五加参冲剂对急性脑缺血性缺氧小鼠存活时间的影响。结果:五加参冲剂1.8,3.6,7.2g/kg剂量均能显著延长常压缺氧条件下小鼠的存活时间(P<0.05);3.6,7.2g/kg显著延长心肌缺血性缺氧小鼠的存活时间(P<0.05);3.6,7.2g/kg显著延长断头小鼠喘气时间(P<0.05)。结论:五加参冲剂具有提高机体缺氧耐受力功能的作用。     

人参藏红花组合物预防急性高原反应的研究

目的:研究人参藏红花组合物预防急性高原反应的作用。方法:将昆明小鼠按照体重随机分为5组,分别为空白组、诺迪康0.56 g·kg-1组、人参藏红花组合物20,10,5 g·kg-1组。预先给予小鼠人参藏红花组合物7 d,末次给药后1 h观察其在常压缺氧环境下的存活时间,低压低氧后的游泳时间以及在低压低氧环境下的死亡率。结果:人参藏红花组合物20,10,5 g·kg-1均能延长常压缺氧小鼠的存活时间及低压低氧后小鼠的游泳时间,但对低压低氧环境下小鼠的死亡率无影响。结论:人参藏红花组合物能够提高小鼠的耐缺氧和抗疲劳能力,可用于预防急性高原反应。     

蕨麻对低压缺氧大鼠脑组织脑红蛋白表达的影响

[目的]建立大鼠高原低压缺氧模型,研究大鼠脑组织中脑红蛋白(Ngb)表达及蕨麻乙醇提取物干预的影响。[方法]将50只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照组、低压缺氧模型组、蕨麻乙醇提取物0.9、1.8和3.6 g/kg组,每组10只。分别按0.9、1.8和3.6 g/kg剂量将蕨麻乙醇提取物溶于1 mL 0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液。每天于固定时间(8∶00)灌胃给药1次,正常对照组、低压缺氧模型组同时给予等体积0.3%羧甲基纤维素钠。连续灌胃14 d。各组大鼠在最后1次灌胃后1 h置于低压缺氧舱在海拔7 000 m低压缺氧12 h。缺氧结束后,用免疫组织化学方法检测Ngb在脑组织中的表达定位,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR法)检测皮质Ngb mRNA水平,用West-ern blot方法检测皮质Ngb表达量。[结果]低压缺氧模型组大鼠皮质Ngb蛋白免疫反应阳性细胞数增加,胞浆、胞核均可见棕黄色颗粒状免疫反应阳性产物,海马各区未见Ngb表达;脑皮质表达Ngb mRNA及蛋白水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,蕨麻乙醇提取物3.6 g/kg组大鼠脑皮质中Ngb mRNA及蛋白水平明显升高(P<0.01)。[结论]低压缺氧可刺激脑组织表达Ngb,蕨麻乙醇提取物在低压缺氧时可通过促进Ngb的表达,发挥脑保护作用。     

Anti-hypoxic activity of the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea in mice

Aim of the study

To investigate the effects of the ethanol extract from Portulaca oleracea (EEPO) on hypoxia models mice and to find the possible mechanism of its anti-hypoxic actions so as to elucidate the anti-hypoxia activity and provide scientific basis for the clinical use of Portulaca oleracea.

Materials and methods

EEPO was evaluated on anti-hypoxic activity in several hypoxia mice models, including closed normobaric hypoxia and sodium nitrite or potassium cyanide toxicosis. To verify the possible mechanism(s), we detected the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mice cortices.

Results

Given orally, the EEPO at doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg could dose-dependently enhance the survival time of mice in both of the normobaric and chemical hypoxia models. The activity of the glycolysis enzymes and the level of ATP were higher than those of the control. In the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping time test and the open-field test, EEPO neither significantly enhanced the pentobarbital sodium-induced sleeping time nor impaired the motor performance, indicating that the observed anti-hypoxic activity was unlikely due to sedation or motor abnormality.

Conclusions

These results demonstrated that the EEPO possessed notable anti-hypoxic activity, which might be related to promoting the activity of the key enzymes in glycolysis and improving the level of ATP in hypoxic mice.     

Polysaccharide extracted from Potentilla anserina L ameliorate acute hypobaric hypoxia‐induced brain impairment in rats

High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a high altitude malady caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHH), in which pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Potentilla anserina L is mainly distributed in Tibetan Plateau, and its polysaccharide possesses many physiological and pharmacological properties. In the present study, the protective effect and potential treatment mechanism of Potentilla anserina L polysaccharide (PAP) in HACE were explored. First, we measured the brain water content and observed the pathological changes in brain tissues, furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by kits. Finally, the protein contents and mRNA expressions of pro‐inflammatory (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, vascular endothelial cell growth factor [VEGF], NF‐κB, and hypoxia inducible factor‐1 α [HIF‐1α]) were detected by ELISA kits, RT‐PCR, and western blotting. The results demonstrated that PAP reduced the brain water content, alleviated brain tissue injury, reduce the levels of MDA and NO, and increased the activity of SOD and GSH level. In addition, PAP blocking the NF‐κB and HIF‐1α signaling pathway activation inhibited the generation of downstream pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and VEGF). Therefore, PAP has a potential to treat and prevent of HACE by suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.     

干姜对缺氧和受寒小鼠的影响

抗缺氧实验表明,干姜醚提物可能是通过减慢机体耗氧速度,延长常压密闭缺氧和KCN中毒缺氧模型小鼠的存活时间,也能延长断头小鼠的张口动作持续时程,但对NaNO₂中毒小鼠存活时间仅有延长倾向。     

五子衍宗丸对小鼠记忆力、免疫功能、耐缺氧及耐疲劳的影响

目的:观察五子衍宗丸对小鼠记忆力、免疫功能、耐缺氧及耐疲劳的影响。方法:选用ICR雄性小鼠,五子衍宗丸高、中、低剂量分别按生药计为2.4,1.2,0.6 g·kg-1,ig给药。以Morris水迷宫测定小鼠记忆力和认知能力;碳粒廓清率、迟发型变态反应测定免疫功能;常压缺氧和常温游泳法测定耐缺氧和耐疲劳能力。结果:与对照组比较,五子衍宗丸各剂量组小鼠寻找隐藏平台的逃避潜伏期及总路程明显缩短(P0.05或P0.01);高剂量组廓清指数K值明显增加(P0.01);各剂量组耳肿胀度无明显差异;高、中剂量组耐缺氧时间明显延长(P0.01);高剂量组常温游泳时间有所延长(P0.05);结论:五子衍宗丸具有明显增强小鼠记忆力和空间认知力,提高小鼠耐缺氧、抗疲劳能力的作用;同时可提高非特异性免疫功能,但对细胞免疫功能无明显作用。     

黄药子抗肿瘤活性组分筛选及作用分析

目的 :分析中药薯蓣科植物黄药子可能的抗肿瘤组分及其作用机制。方法 :将黄药子依次用石油醚、乙醇、水系统地提取 ,采用HepA肿瘤细胞株在小鼠进行体内筛选和研究 ,观察不同组分对肿瘤腹水生长及肿瘤细胞的各种变化 ,分析各组分抗肿瘤作用及特征。结果 :石油醚提取物抑制肿瘤腹水生长作用强于乙醇提取物 ,而水提取物有一定的促生长作用。石油醚提取物能显著延长小鼠存活期 ,低降肿瘤腹水生成量和肿瘤细胞存活率 ,用药后肿瘤细胞再次传代 ,肿瘤腹水的形成时间显著延长。结论 :黄药子石油醚提取物具有显著的抗肿瘤活性 ,且抗肿瘤作用与直接的细胞作用有关。     

宁夏枸杞叶水煎剂增强小鼠抗疲劳抗缺氧能力研究

目的探讨宁夏枸杞叶水煎剂的抗疲劳抗缺氧作用。方法给实验组小鼠以2.5 g.kg-1.d-1和5.0 g.kg-1.d-1两个剂量的枸杞叶水煎剂灌胃,对照组灌服等量自来水处理14 d后,各组小鼠分别进行抗疲劳游泳实验和常压密闭缺氧实验。结果与对照组相比,两剂量枸杞叶水煎剂均极显著地延长了实验小鼠的密闭缺氧存活时间(P<0.01),两剂量枸杞叶水煎剂均极显著地延长了小鼠游泳耗竭时间(P<0.01)。结论一定剂量的宁夏枸杞叶水煎剂对小鼠有明显的抗疲劳抗缺氧作用。     

Anti-hypoxic activity at simulated high altitude was isolated in petroleum ether extract of Saussurea involucrata

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Rhodiola algida, Saussurea involucrata, and other herbs grown in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau have long been used to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness.

Aim of the study

To screen and identify the anti-hypoxic constituents in the herbs grown in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of Northwestern China.

Materials and methods

The anti-hypoxic activities of 20 selected plateau herbs were examined against two positive controls, Rhodiola algida and acetazolamide, using the normobaric hypoxia model of mice. The herb with the highest activity was successively extracted with 70% ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The extract with the highest activity was identified by comparing the survival time of mice under normobaric hypoxia condition after being subjected to different extracts. The identified extract was further tested by simulating high altitudes through an acute decompression model and a chronic decompression model for mice.

Results

The herb found to have the highest anti-hypoxic activity was Saussurea involucrate (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip, and the most effective fraction was in the petroleum ether extract. Administration of petroleum ether extract of Saussurea involucrata (PESI) to mice at 50 mg/kg significantly decreased the mortality of animals under acute decompression conditions. Changes in biochemical indicators for glycometabolism and energy metabolism, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in brain and cardiac muscle, lactic acid (LAC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood and cardiac muscles, blood sugar, and glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle were reversed under chronic decompression conditions.

Conclusions

Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip exhibits high anti-hypoxic activity that may be effective in preventing acute mountain sickness, and the active constituents are mainly in the petroleum ether extract.     

基于抗氧化效应的降脂宁质量评价方法研究

目的:建立降脂宁有效部位抗氧化生物效应质量评价方法。方法:采用DPPH法,以维生素C为阳性对照,测定降脂宁有效部位清除DPPH IC50值和抗氧化作用强度,以评价降脂宁质量。结果:阳性对照(维生素C)清除DPPH IC50为7.43mg·L-1,降脂宁有效部位清除DPPH IC50为11.50mg·L-1,抗氧化作用强度为0.646;不同批次药材制备的降脂宁有效部位抗氧化作用强度无明显差异。结论:该方法简便、准确,可用于降脂宁有效部位抗氧化效应测定和降脂宁质量评价。