Postoperative Intra-abdominal Complications Assessed by the Clavien–Dindo Classification Following Open and Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer

Background

Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) has been increasingly used for the treatment of early gastric cancer, and many advantages over open gastrectomy (OG) have been reported. However, only a few reports have assessed postoperative complications following LAG using the Clavien?CDindo classification.

Methods

A total of 265 patients who underwent distal gastrectomy or pylorus-preserving gastrectomy with D1+ lymph node dissection for clinical stage IA early gastric cancer at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between June 2009 and December 2011 were included in this study. Clinicopathological characteristics and early surgical outcomes were compared between patients who underwent LAG (LAG group, n?=?129) and those who underwent OG (OG group, n?=?136). The severity of postoperative morbidities was assessed according to the Clavien?CDindo classification.

Results

There were no differences in sex or age between the two groups. Body mass index (21.97 vs 23.19, P?<?0.001) was lower in the LAG group than the OG group. The duration of the postoperative hospital stay was similar between the two groups (9?days each, P?=?0.511). There was no difference in the overall morbidity rate (grade II or higher) between the two groups (LAG group, 7.0?%; OG group, 8.1?%; P?=?0.818). The incidence of grade IIIa or more severe morbidities was also not significantly different between the LAG group (4.7?%) and OG group (2.9?%, P?=?0.532).

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in postoperative complication rates between the LAG and the OG groups. The more severe Clavien?CDindo grade III complications, which required surgical interventions, were observed at similar rates between the two groups. Laparoscopic gastrectomy for early gastric cancer is therefore feasible in terms of the incidence and severity of intra-abdominal complications.     

Impact of adjuvant chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of stomach after curative gastrectomy in Chinese: A 7-year audit

Background and Aim: Adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) after curative gastrectomy was introduced to our hospital in 1998. The present study aims to examine the impact of CRT on survival among Chinese. Methods: From our gastric cancer registry, patients who received R0 gastrectomy, with UICC stage II or above, M0 disease and ASA grades I and II were analyzed. Adjuvant CRT was offered and given if patients agreed. The regimen consisted of five cycles of 5-fluoruracil (5FU)/leucovorin chemotherapy and 45 Gy/25 fractions concurrent with cycles 2 and 3. Results: From January 1998 to December 2004, 134 patients fulfilled the criteria. Sixty had surgery alone and 74 patients received CRT after gastrectomy. One hundred and two (76%) patients received radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. Toxicity ≥ grade 3 was seen in 65% of patients without mortality. The overall and relapse-free 5-year survival rates were 45.8% and 42.0%, respectively. On univariate analysis, early disease stage and adjuvant CRT were associated with better prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed that adjuvant CRT (P = 0.01, HR 2.31, 95% CI: 1.4–3.9) predict better survival after adjustment with the other factors. Conclusion: In the present study, postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation is associated with better overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach after curative gastrectomy.     

Prediction of postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether advanced age was associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications and identify the predictive factors for postoperative complications in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

Between January 2000 and December 2010, 256 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC were investigated. Elderly patients were defined as those aged ≥75 y. The clinicopathologic data and outcomes after hepatectomy for 64 elderly and 192 younger patients were retrospectively collected and compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.936) or the long-term survival after hepatectomy (P = 0.641) between the elderly and younger patients. In multivariate analysis, the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress-preoperative risk score (PRS) was an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity in the elderly patients (P < 0.01). Moreover, the patients were analyzed according to the PRS for the assessment of their general preoperative condition and liver damage grade based on the hepatic reserve. The rate of postoperative complications in the patients with a PRS ≥0.5 and liver damage B was significantly higher in the elderly patients (P < 0.01), whereas a PRS and liver damage grade did not affect the incidence of postoperative morbidity in the younger patients (P = 0.516).

Conclusions

Hepatectomy for elderly patients with HCC is feasible as well as safe, and the preoperative assessment using the estimation of physiological ability and surgical stress scoring system, combined with the liver damage grade, can help to improve the safety of this procedure for elderly HCC patients.     

A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Pringle Manoeuvre with Hemi-hepatic Vascular Inflow Occlusion in Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Cirrhosis

Background

The duration of hepatic vascular inflow occlusion and the amount of intraoperative blood loss have significant negative impacts on postoperative morbidity, mortality and long-term survival outcomes of patients who receive partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis.

Aim

This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of partial hepatectomy for HCC superimposed on hepatitis B-related cirrhosis using two different occlusion techniques.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was carried out to evaluate the impact of two different vascular inflow occlusion techniques. The postoperative short-term results were compared.

Results

During the study period, 252 patients received partial hepatectomy for HCC with cirrhosis. Of these patients, 120 were randomized equally into two groups: the Pringle manoeuvre group (n?=?60) and the hemi-hepatic vascular inflow occlusion group (n?=?60). The number of patients who had poor liver function on postoperative day 5 with ISLGS grade B or worse was 24 and 13, respectively (P?=?0.030). The postoperative complication rate was significantly higher in the Pringle manoeuvre group (40 versus 22 %, P?=?0.030). However, the Pringle manoeuvre group had significantly shorter operating time (116 versus 136 min, P?=?0.012) although there was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups [200 ml (range 10–5,000 ml) versus 300 ml (range 100–1,000 ml); P?=?0.511]. There was no perioperative mortality.

Conclusions

The results indicated that for patients with HCC with cirrhosis, hemi-hepatic vascular inflow occlusion was a better inflow occlusion method than Pringle manoeuvre.     

Impact of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with F4-liver cirrhosis

Background

Although the utility of laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been recognized in recent years, the impact of the laparoscopic liver resection for HCC with complete liver cirrhosis (F4) is still unknown.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 56 patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC (3 cm or smaller in a diameter) and had complete liver cirrhosis (F4) diagnosed histologically was performed. Of the 56 patients, partial hepatectomy was performed under laparotomy in 28 patients (laparotomy group) or under laparoscopy in 28 patients (laparoscopy group). Perioperative outcome was analyzed in the two groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in the results of the preoperative liver function tests and the operation time between the two groups. The intraoperative blood loss was lower in the laparoscopy group than the laparotomy group (p = 0.0003). The incidence of the postoperative complications was significantly higher in the laparotomy group (20/36 patients) than in the laparoscopy group (3/28 patients, p < 0.0001). The incidences of surgical site infection, especially incisional infection, and intractable ascites were significantly higher in the laparotomy group than in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.0095, p < 0.0001, respectively). The proportions of patients who were classified into Clavien’s grade I and IIIa were higher in the laparotomy group than in the laparoscopy group (p = 0.0043, p = 0.051, respectively). The duration of the postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The postoperative morbidity, such as surgical site infection and intractable ascites, decreased by the induction of laparoscopic liver resection in patients with liver cirrhosis. As the results, the necessity of invasive treatment for postoperative complications decreased and the duration of the postoperative stay was shortened.     

96序列相似的家庭成员B在肝癌的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察96序列相似的家庭成员B(FAM96B)在肝癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义。方法:收集2012年1月至2013年12月期间在中国人民解放军中部战区总医院接受手术治疗的肝癌患者的组织标本及临床病例资料。采用免疫组织化学技术(IHC)、蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测FAM96B在96例肝...     

胃癌根治术后胰瘘发生率及其影响因素分析的多中心前瞻性研究(附2089例报告)

目的探讨胃癌根治术后胰瘘发生率及其影响因素。方法采用前瞻性研究方法。选取2017年12月至2018年11月22家医疗中心收治的2089例(复旦大学附属中山医院380例、上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院351例、上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院130例、北京大学肿瘤医院139例、福建省肿瘤医院128例、陆军军医大学第一附属医院114例、南昌大学第一附属医院104例、青海大学附属医院104例、潍坊市人民医院103例、福建医科大学附属协和医院102例、空军军医大学第一附属医院99例、浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院97例、浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院60例、复旦大学附属肿瘤医院48例、西安交通大学第一附属医院29例、丽水市中心医院26例、广东省人民医院26例、江苏省人民医院23例、中山大学附属第一医院13例、吉林大学第二医院7例、新疆医科大学第一附属医院4例、首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2例)行胃癌根治术患者的临床病理资料。观察指标:(1)胃癌根治术后胰瘘发生率情况。(2)胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘治疗情况。(3)临床病理资料分析。(4)手术特征资料分析。(5)影响胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘发生相关因素分析。正态分布的计量资料以±s表示,多组间比较采用方差分析;计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示,多组间比较采用χ2检验;剔除临床病理资料和手术特征资料的缺失数据后行单因素分析,单因素分析采用t检验或χ2检验,将P<0.20因素纳入多因素分析;多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型。结果筛选出符合研究条件患者2089例,男1512例,女576例,性别数据缺失1例;年龄为(62±11)岁,体质量指数(BMI)为(23±3)kg/m2。(1)胃癌根治术后胰瘘发生率情况:2089例患者胃癌根治术后胰瘘总发生率为20.728%(433/2089),生化瘘发生率为19.627%(410/2089),B级胰瘘发生率为1.101%(23/2089),C级胰瘘发生率为0。(2)胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘治疗情况:23例胃癌根治术后发生B级胰瘘患者中,2例引流管放置时间>21 d,予以抗感染治疗;4例影像学检查发现腹腔积液,其中2例经B超引导下腹腔穿刺引流,1例尝试穿刺引流失败,1例未行穿刺引流,均予以抗感染治疗;11例影像学检查未发现腹腔积液,但临床表现发热或实验室检查示白细胞升高,均予以抗感染、抑制胰酶分泌治疗;6例无典型临床表现,给予生长抑素以抑制胰酶分泌且腹腔引流管放置时间延长(中位时间为7 d)。23例患者经治疗后均顺利康复,未行二次手术治疗。(3)临床病理资料分析:2089例患者中,无胰瘘患者BMI,新辅助治疗(无、有)分别为(23±3)kg/m2,1487例、160例,生化瘘和B级胰瘘患者上述指标分别为(23±3)kg/m2,386例、22例和(24±3)kg/m2,22例、1例,3类患者上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.787,χ2=8.269,P<0.05)。(4)手术特征资料分析:2089例患者中,无胰瘘患者手术方式(开腹、腹腔镜辅助、全腹腔镜),淋巴结清扫范围(D1、D2、其他),网膜囊切除范围(未切除、部分切除、全部切除),能量设备使用(无、超声刀、LigaSure、LigaSure+超声刀),生物胶使用(无、有),淋巴结清扫数目分别为737例、624例、292例,24例、1580例、51例,418例、834例、381例,63例、1530例、23例、16例,1431例、201例,(33±14)枚,生化瘘和B级胰瘘患者上述指标分别为146例、189例、74例,11例、389例、9例,110例、171例、128例,35例、359例、6例、9例,378例、31例,(31±14)枚和14例、5例、4例,0、20例、3例,6例、13例、4例,2例、18例、1例、2例,22例、1例,(37±16)枚,3类患者上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=15.578,9.397,15.023,28.245,8.359,F=4.945,P<0.05)。(5)影响胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘发生相关因素分析。单因素分析结果显示:能量设备使用是影响胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘发生的相关因素(χ2=9.914,P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:腹腔镜辅助手术、联合脏器切除、使用LigaSure+超声刀、淋巴结清扫数目是胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘发生的独立影响因素(比值比=0.168,3.922,9.250,1.030,95%可信区间为0.036~0.789,1.031~14.919,1.036~82.602,1.001~1.059,P<0.05)。结论胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘发生率较低,腹腔镜辅助手术、联合脏器切除、使用LigaSure+超声刀、淋巴结清扫数目是胃癌根治术后B级胰瘘发生的独立影响因素。临床试验注册:在美国ClinicalTrial.gov注册,注册号:NCT03391687。     

Laparoscopic vs open total gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer following neoadjuvant therapy: A propensity score matching analysis

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) has drawn increasing attention over the years. Although LTG has shown surgical benefits compared to open TG (OTG) in early stage gastric cancer (GC), little is known about the surgical and oncological outcomes of LTG for advanced GC following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).AIMTo compare the long- and short-term outcomes of advanced GC patients who underwent LTG vs OTG following NAT.METHODSAdvanced GC patients who underwent TG following NAT between April 2011 and May 2018 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were enrolled and stratified into two groups: LTG and OTG. Propensity score matching analysis was performed at a 1:1 ratio to overcome possible bias.RESULTSIn total, 185 patients were enrolled (LTG: 78; OTG: 109). Of these, 138 were paired after propensity score matching. After adjustment for propensity score matching, baseline parameters were similar between the two groups. Compared to OTG, LTG was associated with a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.012). The rates of R0 resection, lymph node harvest, and postoperative morbidity did not significantly differ between the two groups. Overall survival (OS) outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Pathological T and N stages were found to be independent risk factors for OS.CONCLUSIONLTG can be a feasible method for advanced GC patients following NAT, as it appears to be associated with better short- and comparable long-term outcomes compared to OTG.     

Should portosystemic shunt be reconsidered in the treatment of intractable ascites in cirrhosis?

Fifty-seven cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites had a portosystemic shunt. In 35 patients, a peritoneovenous shunt had previously failed. Forty-six patients were in Pugh's class B and 11 were in class C. There were three operative deaths (5.3%). Fifty-three (98.2%) of the 54 survivors were cleared of ascites. In one patient, ascites persisted because of postshunt heart failure that resulted in a marked increase of caval pressure. Twenty-seven patients (50%) had late encephalopathy, which was severe and disabling in 12 (22%). One- and three-year survival rates were 72% and 36%, respectively. These results suggest that although portosystemic shunts are remarkably effective in dealing with ascites, the high rate of postoperative encephalopathy is a strong argument against their routine use in the management of intractable ascites in cirrhosis.     

Totally laparoscopic versus laparoscopy-assisted Billroth-I anastomosis for gastric cancer: a case–control and case-matched study

Objective

To evaluate the safety, feasibility and clinical results of the modified delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy (MDSG) in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) for gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We performed a case–control and case-matched study enrolling 642 patients with GC undergoing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I anastomosis from January 2011 to December 2014. TLDG with MDSG was performed in 158 patients (Group TL), and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with circular anastomosis was performed in 484 patients (Group LA). One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups.

Results

Patients with smaller tumors or stage I cancer were more likely to receive TLDG (P < 0.05). In the propensity-matched analysis of 143 pairs, there were no differences in demographic and pathologic characteristics between groups (all P < 0.05). All patients successfully underwent laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy. Before PSM, Group TL had more dissected lymph nodes (LNs), a longer time to first fluid diet and a longer postoperative length of stay than Group LA (all P < 0.05). After PSM, except for the fact that more dissected LNs were obtained in Group LA (P < 0.05), no difference was found in the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between the groups (all P > 0.05). The postoperative complications were similar in both groups (all P > 0.05). Stratification analysis performed after PSM showed that in early GC, no difference was observed in intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between the groups (all P > 0.05). However, in locally advanced GC, Group TL had more dissected LNs and a higher rate of postoperative complications (both P < 0.05). Univariate analysis carried out in locally advanced cases after PSM showed that the body mass index (BMI), the method of digestive tract reconstruction and Charlson’s score were significant factors that affected postoperative morbidity (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that BMI was an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The MDSG in TLDG is safe and feasible for early GC; however, it should be chosen with caution in advanced GC, particularly in patients with a high BMI.

     

肝泡型包虫病术后并发症与Child-Pugh分级和手术方式关系研究

目的探讨肝泡型包虫病术后并发症与手术方式、Child-Pugh分级之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2016年12月至2018年12月青海省人民医院包虫病诊疗中心行手术治疗的104例肝泡型包虫病人的临床资料,按Child-Pugh分级标准将病人分为A级组(73例)和B级组(31例)两组;按是否行根治性手术治疗将上述病例分为根治性手术组(52例),准根治性手术组(52例)两组。分别观察以上各组间病人术后并发症及临床客观指标。结果入院时,B级组病人术后发生切口感染、难治性腹水及腹腔感染等并发症发生率较A级组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间术后1年病死率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根治性手术组病人术后难治性腹水率、肝功能不全、肝功能衰竭、黄疸、腹腔感染、腹腔脓肿等并发症发生率较准根治性手术组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间术后1年病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肝泡型包虫病病人行根治性肝切除手术后,术后并发症发生率较行准根治性肝切除术低,Child-Pugh分级B级病人术后出现的并发症发生率较Child-Pugh分级A级组显著升高。     

Management of Ascites after Radical Surgery in Gastric Cancer Patients With Liver Cirrhosis and Minimal Hepatic Dysfunction

A radical lymph node dissection is important for the cure of gastric cancer. However, such a procedure in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) could develop serious complications such as massive ascites. To determine the management of postoperative ascites, 26 gastric cancer patients with LC were reviewed retrospectively. Child-Pugh status was grade A in all 26 patients. Thirteen (50%) patients had advanced gastric cancer, and a D2 lymph nodes dissection was performed in 25 (96.2%) patients. The mean number of dissected lymph nodes was 33 ± 11 (range: 11–54). An abdominal closed suction drain was placed in 12 (46.2%) patients, and the average amount of fluid drainage was 463 ml/day. The drainage tube was removed on about the eleventh postoperative day (range: day 6 to day 13), and diuretics were used in 8 (30.8%) patients. A paracentesis was needed in one patient but no postoperative surgical morbidity or mortality was observed. Therefore, an extended lymph node dissection is safe in gastric cancer patients with mild hepatic dysfunction. Liver cirrhosis and postoperative ascites can be managed conservatively without any complications.     

Prognostic significance of pancreatic fistula and postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThe influence of postoperative complications, specifically, pancreatic fistula (PF), on long-term oncologic outcome in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unclear.MethodsProspectively collected data of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Deaths within 90 days were excluded. Median follow-up time was 22 months for the entire cohort (range 2–102 months). PF was graded as biochemical leak, grade B, or grade C according to the criteria of the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula. Postoperative complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC). Data on clinical and pathological characteristics as well as on recurrence and survival were collected.ResultsTwenty-nine of the 148 identified patients (19%) developed PF, of whom 17 (11.4%) had a PF grade B or C. 29 patients developed a postoperative complication CDC grade 3 or 4. The respective 3-year disease-free survival was 15.5% and 19.2% (P = 0.725), and the 5-year overall survival was 20% and 16% (P = 0.914) in patients with and without PF. On multivariate analysis, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node involvement, surgical margin involvement, and tumor grade were associated with patient survival. PF and postoperative complications CDC grade 3 or 4 were not associated with decreased long-term survival, disease-free survival or local recurrence rate.ConclusionsWhile acknowledging the limited sample size, no association was seen between PF or postoperative complications and overall or disease-free survival in patients undergoing PD for PDAC.     

两种胃切除术式对进展期近端胃癌预后的影响分析

目的比较全胃切除和近端胃切除对进展期近端胃癌预后的影响。 方法回顾分析2008年1月至2012年3月就诊的172例进展期近端胃癌患者的临床病理资料,按不同的手术方式分为近端胃切除组(83例)和全胃切除组(89例);观察并记录患者手术情况、术后并发症等情况,并对患者出院后生存、肿瘤复发、转移等情况进行为期5年的随访。采用SPSS 24.0统计软件进行数据分析,年龄、手术时间、术中出血量等计量资料采用( ±s)表示,比较采用独立t检验;性别、肿瘤部位等无序二分类资料采用卡方检验,肿瘤大小浸润深度等有序二分类资料采用秩和检验;生存分析采用Kaplan－Meier法,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果全胃切除组患者手术时间、术中出血量较近端胃切除组患者偏高,其余术中及术后情况差异无统计学意义。全胃切除组患者术后胃排空障碍、吻合漏和反流性食管炎的发生率较近端切除组患者显著偏低(P<0.05)。术后1年、3年、5年生存率,近端切除组患者分别为71.1%、45.5%和34.2%明显低于全胃切除组83.1%、67.2%和56.6%;(F＝10.746, P＝0.001)。 结论全胃切除能减少对进展期近端胃癌术后并发症的发生率,并延长患者术后生存时间。     

微波消融辅助肝切除联合术后TACE治疗BCLC-B期肝细胞癌临床疗效分析

背景与目的:研究显示,术后行经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗可以给肝细胞癌(HCC)患者尤其是存在复发高危因素的HCC患者带来生存获益,但在获益患者群体的确定上仍存在较大争议。因此,本研究探讨微波消融辅助肝切除联合术后TACE治疗BCLC-B期HCC的临床疗效。方法:收集空军军医大学第二附属医院2010年1月—2014年12月收治的经微波消融辅助肝切除治疗的BCLC-B期2～3个肿瘤、最大直径3cm且微血管侵犯(MVI)阳性HCC患者的临床资料,根据是否行术后辅助TACE治疗分为观察组与对照组,采用Kaplan-Meier曲线进行生存分析,Log-rank检验两组生存差异,并采用Cox回归模型分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果:共纳入344例患者,其中173例患者接受术后TACE治疗(观察组),171例患者未行术后TACE治疗(对照组)。两组患者基线资料具有可比性。观察组和对照组的1、3、5年总生存率(OS)分别为82.7%、47.4%、28.8%和69.0%、22.3%、15.9%;观察组和对照组的0.5、1、3年无瘤生存率(DFS)分别为86.7%、75.0%、29.6%和73.8%、60.4%、10.6%,观察组的OS与DFS均明显优于对照组(均P0.001)。单因素与多因素分析结果显示,治疗方式、肿瘤直径、白蛋白、总胆红素、HBs Ag阳性均为影响OS与DFS的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论:微波消融辅助肝切除联合术后TACE可以给2～3个肿瘤,最大直径3cm且MVI阳性的BCLC-B期HCC患者带来明显的生存获益,但此结论仍需多中心、大样本、高质量研究加以验证。     

Evaluation of liver function for hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver with damaged parenchyma

Background

Liver functional parameters, including the Child—Pugh score and indocyanine green clearance (ICG), and volumetric parameters influencing postoperative liver function were evaluated with the aim of obtaining standardardized criteria for selecting patients for, and deciding the extent of, hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and methods

The study population consisted of 120 patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection excluding those with more than 3000 ml of intraoperative bleeding. Patients were classified as grades A, B, or C on the basis of, respectively, a Child—Pugh score of 5 or 6, 7-9, or ≥10 and were assigned to group D (postoperative liver dysfunction) or group N (no complication). Postoperative complications included massive ascites, pleural effusion, or hyperbilirubinemia. For each grade, the standardized estimated liver remnant ratio (STELR) was determined as the ratio of the liver remnant volume (estimated by computerized tomography) to the standardized total liver volume (STLV), estimated from the body surface area using the equation: liver volume [cm³] = 706 × body surface area [m²] + 2.4. The ICG retention rate at 15 min after injection (ICGR15) was then plotted against the STELR for each grade and a demarcation line separating patients in groups N and D was determined statistically by discriminant analysis.

Results

For grade A patients, the equation of the demarcation line was ICGR15 = 27.5 × STELR + 1.9 (Wilks’ Lambda: 0.667, P < 0.001), indicating that, for safe hepatic resection in patients with an ICGR15 of 10%, the STELR should be greater than 0.29. In contrast, for grade B patients, the equation was ICGR15 = 72 × STELR − 22.1 (0.589, P < 0.001), indicating that, in patients with a 10% ICGR15, the STELR should be greater than 0.44, a larger value than in grade A patients. The number of grade C patients was too small for analysis.

Conclusions

By combining the Child—Pugh score, ICG clearance, and liver volumetric parameters, criteria for the selection of patients for hepatic resection for HCC were established.     

Role of Preoperative Viral Load and Presence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation Due to Hepatitis C Virus

BackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem, and the need for liver transplants is ever-growing. For optimal surgical success, risk factors must be identified and HCV viral load must be reduced to a minimum to avoid complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of HCV viral load on the post-transplant biliary complications.MethodBetween 2004 and 2018, the cases of 114 liver transplant recipients with HCV infection were retrospectively reviewed. Data collection included demographic variables, preoperative and postoperative amount of serum HCV RNA copies, preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and postoperative biliary complications in the early and late period. After missing values were excluded, the remaining 97 patients were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative HCV RNA status (Group A: HCV RNA [+] and Group B: HCV RNA [-]).ResultsDemographic parameters were similar among both groups. There were 67 patients in Group A and 30 patients in Group B. The overall rate of biliary complications was higher in Group A without statistical significance (20% [n = 14] vs 13% [n = 4], respectively, P = .573). Biliary stricture occurrence in the late period was also higher in Group A. In HCC (+) patients (n = 26), biliary complications were significantly higher compared to HCC (-) patients (34% vs 12%, P = .018). However, in patients with biliary complications, the rate of multiple duct anastomoses was higher with no statistical significance (45% vs 26%, respectively, P = .14).ConclusionThe biliary complications on patient survival has been previously established, and this is mostly evident in those patients with viral etiology and hepatocellular carcinoma. As was also suggested in our study, hepatocellular carcinoma and positive viral status should be considered as predisposing factors for postoperative biliary complications after liver transplantation. However, the rate of multiple duct anastomoses should also be taken into consideration. New standards of antiviral medications and bridge therapy for HCC may improve transplant outcomes.     

Role of Transarterial Chemoembolization Before Liver Resection for Hepatocarcinoma

The aim of this study was to clarify whether chemoembolization (TACE) before liver resection (LR) can reduce postoperative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and improve disease-free and overall survival. Eighty-nine patients with tumor-stage (TNM) I-II HCC were evaluated for LR. Patients were prospectively allocated to LR alone or TACE plus LR based on their place of residence. Twenty nonlocal patients (24%) were selected for LR, while 69 (77.5%) local patients were selected for TACE plus LR. Following TACE, the tumor stage could be confirmed in only 20 patients (29%) who then underwent LR. Operative mortality was 0%, but in the TACE-LR group, 3 patients died of liver failure between 2 and 5 months after surgery. Early recurrence (<24 months) was 59% for LR versus 20% for TACE plus LR (P < .05). Late recurrence was 18% for LR versus 10% for TACE plus LR (P = not significant [NS]). The overall recurrence rate was 76% for LR versus 30% for TACE plus LR (P < .02). Death due to HCC recurrence was 70% for LR versus 15% for TACE plus LR (P < .05). The overall 1- and 5-year survival rates did not differ significantly (71% to 38% for LR v 85% to 43% for TACE + LR; P = NS), whereas the difference in 1- and 5-year disease-free survival was highly significant (64% to 21% for LR v 82% to 57% for TACE + LR; P < .02). TACE was able to improve the HCC staging process and significantly reduce the incidence of early and overall HCC recurrence and related death after LR; it improved the disease-free interval, but not the overall survival, due to an increase in liver failure in the first 5 months. (Liver Transpl 2000;6:619-626.)     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with a history of gastrectomy

PURPOSE: Previous gastrectomy has been considered a relative contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LC in patients with a history of gastrectomy. METHODS: From a database of 1 104 consecutive patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, who underwent LC between April 1992 and January 2007, 51 (4.6%) had undergone previous gastrectomy: for gastric cancer (n = 36) or gastroduodenal ulcer (n = 15). We compared the operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity rate, diet resumption, and postoperative hospital stay between patients with, and those without, a history of gastrectomy. RESULTS: The incidence of common bile duct stones was significantly higher (33.3% vs 8.6%, P < 0.001) and operative time was significantly longer (111.2 min vs 77.9 min, P < 0.001) in the patients with a history of gastrectomy. There was no significant difference in operative time between the first-half and second-half periods. Conversion to an open cholecystectomy was required in two patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity rate, diet resumption, or postoperative hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease in patients with a history of gastrectomy, although previous gastrectomy is associated with an increased need for adhesiolysis and a longer operative time.