血液净化治疗肝功能衰竭患者的临床效果及护理对策

目的:研究血液净化治疗肝功能衰竭患者的临床效果及护理对策.方法:选取2007-06/2013-05唐山市工人医院收治的急性肝功能衰竭患者41例,均给予常规治疗,血浆置换联合持续静脉血液透析滤过治疗及针对性护理,治疗后观察及评价治疗及护理效果.结果:治疗后患者总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(activated partial prothrombin time,APTT)及NH3分别为215.6μmol/L±53.2μmol/L、105.9μmol/L±42.3μmol/L、593.4U/L±134.5 U/L、981.8 U/L±239.4 U/L、21.8 s±4.9 s、74.3 s±34.3 s及92.1μmol/L±53.3μmol/L;治疗后患者TBIL、DBIL、AST、ALT、PT及NH3有所改善,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后患者Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、SCr及BUN水平分别为2.11mmol/L±0.63 mmol/L、4.19 mmol/L±1.41mmol/L、2.31 mmol/L±0.81 mmol/L、94.33mmol/L±11.94 mmol/L、168.28μmol/L±39.25μmol/L及15.49 mmol/L±3.48 mmol/L;治疗前后Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-水平无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后SCr及BUN水平有显著性改善(P<0.05).结论:血浆置换联合持续静脉血液透析滤过治疗急性肝功能衰竭患者临床效果满意,建议在临床治疗中推广应用.     

MARS人工肝治疗急慢性肝功能衰竭的临床研究

目的　评价应用分子吸附再循环系统治疗各类原因所致肝功能衰竭的治疗效果。方法　回顾并随访分析5 0例次MARS人工肝治疗的疗效。结果　单次 6～ 8小时MARS人工肝治疗显著降低患者血清总胆红素 ( 5 19.3 7±15 2 .70 μmol/L降至 3 61.0 6± 177.98μmol/L ,p <0 .0 5 )和血氨 ( 167.44± 80 .73 μmol/L降至 86.82± 15 .5 2 μmol/L ,P <0 .0 5 )水平 ;升高凝血酶原活动度 ( 3 6.5 5 %± 15 .2 9%到 74.13 %± 2 5 .40 %,P <0 .0 5 )。而电解质、血常规和血气分析等指标无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。 2 5例患者中治愈和好转 15例 ,10例死亡 ,存活率 60 %。结论　MARS人工肝是治疗肝功能衰竭患者安全、有效的辅助方法     

早期肝功能损害对急性胰腺炎病因判定的临床价值

目的:观察急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)患者发病48h内肝功能改变,探讨早期肝功能损害对AP病因判定的临床意义.方法:对153例AP患者临床资料回顾性分析,按病因分为胆源性、非胆源性及不明原因3组.胆源性组(n=80);非胆源性组(n=44);不明原因组(n=29).早期肝功能检测指标:胆源性组(n=61);非胆源性组(n=33).比较胆源性组和非胆源性组早期肝功能指标血清丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(amino transaminase,ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、谷氨酰转移酶(glutamyl transferase,GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP),观察其早期肝功能损害的临床类型,并计算胆源性组早期肝功能损害的敏感性和特异性.结果:胆源性组患者早期肝功能损害较非胆源性组严重,ALT(214.16U/L±146.92U/Lvs30.82U/L±25.59U/L),AST(212.72U/L±210.50U/Lvs28.24U/L±22.16U/L),GGT(438.34U/L±286.69U/Lvs60.48U/L±68.32U/L),AKP(202.81U/L±147.77U/Lvs72.06U/L±36.70U/L),TBIL(56.52μmol/L±46.01μmol/Lvs18.25μmol/L±9.56μmol/L),DBIL(36.81μmol/L±32.50μmol/Lvs5.17μmol/L±4.65μmol/L,均P<0.001);早期肝功能损害临床类型以ALT、AST、GGT、AKP、TBIL及DBIL混合损害为主,占88.6%;其敏感性为95.1%,特异性为90.9%.结论:早期肝功能损害可预测AP病因为胆石(源)性.早期肝功能检测应作为急诊的常规实验室检查项目,更适合于基层医院.     

血浆置换治疗肝功能衰竭90例临床疗效及不良反应分析

目的探讨血浆置换治疗肝功能衰竭的疗效及其不良反应。方法对2008年12月至2011年12月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院感染科收治的90例肝功能衰竭患者进行血浆置换治疗。观察治疗前后肝功能指标变化及治疗后不良反应。结果 90例血浆置换患者治疗后,显效34例,有效33例,无效23例,总有效率为74.4%。治疗后血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清直接胆红素(DBIL)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)的含量与治疗前比较,均有所改善(P<0.05)。治疗后发生的不良反应主要为血浆过敏反应。对90例患者平均随访(23.5±4.1)个月后,全部患者总存活率达66.3%,生存时间延长。结论血浆置换治疗肝功能衰竭临床疗效显著,但须警惕治疗后并发症的发生。     

甘露醇联合补液疗法治疗急性淤胆型肝炎

目的:评价甘露醇联合补液疗法治疗急性淤胆型肝炎的疗效。方法:治疗组25例,血清TBil(378.5±30.18)μmol/L,TBA(20.4±2.56)μmol/L;对照组27例,血清TBil(390.1±45.32)μmol/L,TBA(19.2±3.08)μmol/L。分别接受本疗法和常规疗法,比较两组TBil和TBA复常所需时间。结果:治疗组血清TBil复常(6.8±1.31)周,对照组(12.3±4.62)周(P<0.05);治疗组血清TBA复常(9.7±2.52)周,对照组(15.2±4.89)周(P<0.05)。结论:甘露醇联合补液疗法治疗急性淤胆型肝炎退黄时间显著快于常规疗法。     

分子吸附再循环系统治疗急慢性肝功能衰竭的临床研究

目的 总结用分子吸附再循环系统(moleclular adsorbent recirculating system, MARS)治疗各类原因所致肝功能衰竭患者的经验。方法 回顾并随访分析25例次MARS人工肝治疗的疗效。结果 单次6h MARS治疗显著降低患者血清总胆红素[(618.51±200.68)mmol/L到(390.81±146.02)mmol/L, t=2.729,P＜O.01]、间接胆红素[(490.03±163.39)mmol/L到(303.28±113.06)mmol/L,t=2.516,P＜0.01]和血氨[(152.44±82.62)mmol/L到(84.84±13.30)mmol/L,t=2.174, P＜0.05] 水平;升高凝血酶原活动度(70.55±32.39到93.63±14.20,t=1.728,P＜0.05)。肝功能酶谱、血清蛋白质、肾功能、电解质、血常规和血气分析指标无显著变化。17例患者,治愈和好转13例,死亡4例,存活率76.5%。结论MARS人工肝是治疗肝功能衰竭患者安全、有效的辅助方法。     

氯氮平治疗对以阳性或阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者血清一氧化氮含量的影响

阳性症状为主组32例(阳性组),阴性症状为主组30例(阴性组),单用氯氮平12.5～50.0mg/d,2周内达规定剂量300.0mg/d,共观察8周。治疗前阳性组、阴性组和健康组(28例)血清NO含量分别为(59±16)、(26±7)和(38±11)μmol/L(硝酸还原酶法),组间比较均P<0.01。治疗后阳性组血清NO降至(39±8)μmol/L,阴性组升至(32±8)μmol/L,     

阿苯达唑联合黄芪对华支睾吸虫感染大鼠肝功能异常的疗效观察

Objective To observe the levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total bilirubin(TBIL), hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type Ⅲ aminoterminal peptide (P Ⅲ NP) and larninin (LN) in the sera of rats infected with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) after treatment of albendazole combined with milkvetch root. Methods Thirty-two healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 8 in each based on body mass: control group, non-treatment group, Albendazole group(ALB group) and albendazole combined with milkvetch root group(ALB+MR group). The rats in non-treatmen, ALB and ALB+MR groups were infected orally with metacercariae of C. sinensis 50 per rat. The rats in control group were mock-infected with saline. The rats in ALB group were treated to each rat with 50 mg/kg alhendazole for 5 days, and ALB+MR groups were given to same treat with albendazole, meanwhile each rat injected with 800 mg/kg milkvetch root intraperitoneally for 30 days. All rats were killed after infestation 14 weeks and their sera samples were collected to detect ALT, TBIL, HA, PⅢNP, LN. Results There were statistically significant differences in the levels of ALT and LN in the sera of rats between groups(F=31.40,11.82, P<0.01). Compared with control[ (47.88±4.88)U/L, (51.20±4.12)μg/L], the levels of ALT and LN in rats in non-treatment group [(85.50±9.65)U/L, (64.20±4.18) μg/L] and ALB group [(65.29± 7.78) U/L, (58.23±2.55) μg/L] were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with non-treatment group, the levels of ALT and LN in rats in ALB group and ALB+MR groups[(50.25±9.29)U/L, (53.68±5.63)μg/L] were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and they decreased more obviously in ALB+MR group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the levels of TBIL, PⅢNP and HA in the sera of rats between groups (χ2=15.309,21.418,19.759, P<0.01). Compared with control[(0.700±0.350)μmol/L, (26.085±4.075)μg/L, (81.935±42.550)μg/L], the levels of TBIL, PⅢNP and HA in rats in non-treatment group(2.400 μmol/L, 46.220 μg/L,310.885 μg/L) and ALT group(1.200 μmol/L,36.540 μg/L, 178.010 μg/L) were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with non-treatment group, the level of TBIL in ALT+MR group(0.750 μmol/L), the levels of pⅢNP and HA in ALT and ALT+MR group(30.470,100.240 μg/L) were significantly decreased(P< 0.05). The levels of TBIL, PⅢNP and HA decreased more obviously in ALB+MR group(P<0.05). Conclusions The liver function in rats infected with C. sinensis is abnormal. The liver function and fibrosis are improved after treatment with albendazole or albendazole combined with milkvetch root. The treatment of albendazole combined with milkvetch root is more effective.     

急性左心衰竭和充血性心力衰竭患者肝功能检测指标差异的临床观察

目的探讨急性左心衰竭(ALHF)和充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者肝功能检测指标(LFTs)的差异。方法入选纽约心功能分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的心力衰竭患者137例,根据病情分为ALHF组59例和CHF组78例。收集患者的基本资料,比较两组LFTs和住院病死率的差异。结果与CHF组比较,ALHF组患者的谷丙转氨酶[(34.05±14.48)U/L比(29.41±9.16)U/L]、谷草转氨酶[(30.73±12.47)U/L比(26.64±6.81)U/L]和白蛋白[(38.62±2.70)g/L比(35.33±4.20)g/L]水平均显著升高(分别为t=-2.291,P=0.024;t=-2.454,P=0.015;t=-5.25,P<0.01),而谷氨酰氨基转移酶[(30.7±20.7)U/L比(41.5±32.3)U/L]、总胆红素[(14.22±7.21)μmol/L比(18.42±8.60)μmol/L]、直接胆红素[(6.28±3.46)μmol/L比(8.00±4.67)μmol/L]和间接胆红素[(7.99±4.82)μmol/L比(10.45±5.81)μmol/L]水平均降低(t=2.257,P=0.026;t=3.013,P=0.003;t=2.384,P=0.019;t=2.636,P=0.009)。两组患者的碱性磷酸酶[(75.93±29.01)U/L比(80.42±22.91)U/L]和总蛋白[(65.2±3.8)g/L比(65.9±7.8)g/L]水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ALHF组患者病死率较CHF组高[17例(28.8%)比8例(10.3%),χ2=7.754,P=0.005]。结论 ALHF患者以谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶升高为主,与肝脏缺血相关,而CHF患者以谷氨酰氨基转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素升高和白蛋白降低为主,与肝脏淤血相关。     

血浆置换治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察血浆置换治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的临床疗效。方法选取2011年10月~2013年3月本科收治的慢性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者38例,分为对照组和治疗组,后者在内科综合治疗的基础上给予血浆置换治疗。结果治疗后,19例血浆置换治疗患者血TBIL、ALT和INR分别为(277.8±49.8)μmol/L、(57.0±22.2)U/L和(2.1±0.2),明显低于对照组[分别为(367.7±49.0)μmol/L、(89.9±17.1)U/L和(2.8±0.2),P0.05],而两组肾功能和电解质变化情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在进行44次血浆置换过程中,发生不良反应9次(20.5%),其中6次(13.6%)为血浆过敏,出现皮肤瘙痒和荨麻疹。结论血浆置换治疗慢性乙型肝衰竭疗效明显,适时应用能降低患者病死率。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.