淋巴细胞特异性酪氨酸蛋白激酶基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究

目的探讨淋巴细胞特并性酪氨酸蛋白激酶（LCK）基因多态性、载脂蛋白E（apoE）基因多态性和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的相关性。方法用TaqMan—PCR法检测单核苷酸多态性（SNP），对380例日本人AD患者[包括327例迟发型AD（LOAD）与53例早发型AD（EOAD）]和380例非痴呆对照纽中。观察LCK基因及apoE基因的多态性分布，并分析其与AD的相关性。结果（1）LCK基因＋6424A/G多态位点的G／G基因型息AD风险为非G／G型的1．41倍（95％CI=1．06～1．87），患LOAD风险为1．37倍（95％CI=1．02～1．85）；（2）apoEε4基因携带者患AD风险为非apoEε4基因携带者的5．11倍（95％CI=3．63～7．19）；（3）排除apoE基因型对AD风险的影响后，G／G基因型患AD风险为非G／G型的1．66倍（95％CI=1．16～2．38），患LOAD风险为1．64倍（95％CI=1．12～2．40），同时风险等位基因G与AD（P〈0．05）和LOAD（P〈0．05）具有相关性。结论LCK基因＋6424A／G多态位点与AD风险的增加呈正性相关性，apoEε4增加了AD的发病风险，LCK是独立于APOE基因的又一新的风险基因。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与Alzheimer病的关联研究

目的:观察载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein E,apoE)基因多态性在广东佛山地区汉族老年人中的分布,探讨其与晚发Alzheimer病(AD)的相关性。方法:对88例晚发AD患者和97名正常老年人进行对照研究。用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析apoE基因多态性。结果:晚发AD患者中apoE等位基因ε4频率为18.8%,较正常老年人组显著升高,并与晚发AD呈正关联(OR=2.27,χ2=8.859,P<0.01)。结论:apoE等位基因ε4是晚发AD主要的遗传风险因子。     

脑胶质瘤p16基因CPG岛高甲基化与基因失活的研究

目的探讨脑胶质瘤中p16基因5'端CPG岛高甲基化与该基因失活的相关性.方法应用免疫组化检测50例脑胶质瘤中P16蛋白的表达;应用PCR技术检测脑胶质瘤中p16基因第1、2外显子缺失及第1外显子5'CPG岛高甲基化.结果免疫组化结果显示50例脑胶质瘤组织中27例恶性胶质瘤P16蛋白缺失,23例低级别胶质瘤P16蛋白阳性;9例恶性胶质瘤p16基因纯合性缺失;P16蛋白阴性的恶性胶质瘤中7例显示p16基因CPG岛高甲基化.结论恶性脑胶质瘤中P16蛋白缺失而没有p16基因纯合性缺失,是由于p16基因5'端CPG岛高甲基化后抑制该基因的转录所致.p16基因高甲基化也是该基因失活的重要机制之一.     

神经疾病与精神卫生2006年第6卷文题索引

(按汉语拼音字母顺序排列)A阿尔茨海默病淋巴细胞特异性酪氨酸蛋白激酶基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究(钟望涛等):5ApoE基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究(陈煜森等):89Nicastrin基因新选择性剪接与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究(钟望涛等):92Stroop色词测验在不同严重度的阿尔茨海默病中的表现(陈燕等):131辅助检查在阿尔茨海默病早期诊断中的应用(宋小燕等):147IDE基因5’-端侧翼微卫星重复序列的多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究(赵斌等):165染色体10q24区域微卫星重复序列多态性与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究(陈煜森等):169阿…     

中性内肽酶基因C159T多态性与阿尔茨海默病关联的初步研究

目的 观察中性内肽酶(neprilysin,NEP)C159T多态在广东地区汉族老年人中的分布,探讨其与晚发阿尔茨海默病(AD)的相关性.方法 以91例晚发AD患者和97名正常老年人为对照进行病例-对照研究.用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法(PCR-RFLP)分析NEP基因C159T多态性和载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态性.结果 AD组C159T多态T等位基因频率较对照组降低(23.2%vs 25.3%,χ2=184.96,P<0.05),而两组间基因型频率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).AD组apoE等位基因ε4与AD成正关联(19.2%vs 8.2%,OR=2.648,χ2=9.66,P<0.05).无论是否携带ApoEε4,C159T各基因型和等位基因分布在两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 NEP基因C159T多态C等位基因可能与晚发AD关联,未发现APOEε4与该多态性存在协同效应.     

嵌合蛋白1基因启动子两多态位点与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究

目的探讨嵌合蛋白1(chimerin1,CHN1)基因启动子区多态性、载脂蛋白E(apolipoprotein,APOE)基因多态性和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)的相关性。方法通过使用TaqMan-PCR法检测单核苷酸多态性方法,观察380例日本AD患者(包括327例迟发型AD与53例早发型AD)和380例非痴呆对照组CHN1基因启动子(rs3732315与rs1320875)及APOE基因的多态性分布,并分析与AD的相关性。结果CHN1基因启动子rs3732315上A/T多态位点与rs1320875上A/G多态位点分别与AD无明显相关性(P值分别为0.094,0.17)。进一步在LOAD,EOAD与对照组的比较中发现rs3732315AA基因型与rs1320875GG基因型与EOAD无明显相关(P值分别为0·055,0·065)。结论CHN1基因启动子区rs3732315与rs1320875多态位点与AD无明显相关性,但不能排除rs3732315AA基因型与rs1320875GG基因型微弱增加了EOAD的发病风险,其真正意义有待在大样本、多中心人群中进一步阐明。     

Parkinson病与Alzheimer病载脂蛋白E基因型分布的研究

目的探讨载脂蛋RE（apoE）基因多态性与Parkinson病及Alzheimer病的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段氏度多态性（PCR－RFLP）技术检测72名帕金森氏病（PD）、68名Alzheimer病（AD）患者和66名正常老年人的apoE基因型分布。结果PD组apoE2、apoE3、apoE4及AD组apoE4等位基因频率与对照组比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;AD组apoE2等位基因频率明显低于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论apoE基因型分布与PD发病无关;与AD发病相关,即apoE2基因可能具有防止AD发病的作用;不支持apoE4是中国人散发性AD发病病危因素的结论。     

新疆维吾尔族和汉族阿尔茨海默病患者载脂蛋白E基因的多态性研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族(以下简称维族)与汉族阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因型及等位基因频率的分布及其异同.方法 在流行病学调查基础上,采用美国神经病学会、语言障碍和卒中-老年性痴呆和相关疾病学会制定的标准,诊断为很可能AD的患者209例(汉族98例、维族111例)及正常对照220名(汉族103名、维族117名),应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态分析方法,检测两组apoE基因多态性.结果 (1)AD组及对照组组内维、汉两民族受试者apoE基因型频率和等位基因频率整体分布的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但AD组ε3/4基因型(28.2%)和84等位基因频率(14.8%)均高于对照组(分别为13.2%和8.0%,P＜0.05).(2)在维、汉两民族中,AD组ε3/4基因型频率(维族:30.6%;汉族:25.5%)和ε4等位基因频率(维族:15.8%;汉族:13.8%)均高于本民族对照组(ε3/4基因型频率分别为维族:14.5%,汉族:11.7%;ε4等位基因频率分别为维族:9.4%,汉族:6.3%;P均＜0.05).(3)AD组男性维族患者ε3/4基因型频率(31%)高于对照组男性维族受试者(11%);AD组女性维族患者(16%)和汉族患者ε4等位基因频率(14%),分别高于对照组女性维族受试者(8%)和汉族受试者(7%;P均＜0.05).结论 apoE基因型及等位基因频率在维、汉民族间的分布相似;apoEe4等位基因是AD的危险因素,在维、汉两民族女性AD的发病中起重要作用.     

α1-抗糜蛋白酶基因信号肽和微卫星多态性的关系及其对阿尔茨海默病的作用

目的　探讨中国上海地区汉族人中α1抗糜蛋白酶 (AACT)基因中信号肽多态性和微卫星多态性的相互关系及其在阿尔茨海默病 (AD)中的作用。方法　采用聚合酶链式反应 限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR RFLP)方法及扩增片段长度多态性技术 (Amp FLP) ,观察 6 3例AD患者和 6 8名健康老年人的AACT基因信号肽多态性及微卫星多态性和早老素 1(PS1)基因、载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因多态的分布。结果　 (1)AACT信号肽多态性中的T等位基因与微卫星多态性的A8(15 9bp)等位基因(AACT A8)可能呈共同分离的趋势 ;(2 )apoE基因ε4 等位基因 (apoE ε4 )、AACT基因T等位基因(AACT T)和AACT A8等 3种等位基因的共存与AD显著关联 (OR =3 0 2 ,95 %CI:1 10～ 8 33,χ2 =4 14,P <0 0 5 )。结论　上海地区汉族人群中AACT基因信号肽多态的AACT T、AACT A8与apoE ε4的共存可能构成了AD的风险因子。     

α2-巨球蛋白基因Ⅰ1 000Ⅴ、苷酸缺失多态与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究

目的探讨上海地区汉族人群中α2-巨球蛋白基因(A2M)Ⅰ 1 000 Ⅴ、苷酸缺失多态(Ins/Del多态)与阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病风险的关系.方法采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态方法,于116例AD患者(AD组)和135名正常人(对照组)中检测A2M基因两种多态各基因型及等位基因的频率.通过比值比(OR)的计算作疾病关联分析.结果 AD组与对照组在A2M基因Ⅰ 1 000 Ⅴ多态Ⅰ/Ⅴ基因型分布的差异有显著性(χ2=3.905,df=1, P=0.048),但无Ins/Del多态分布的差异.A2M基因Ⅰ/Ⅴ基因型与AD呈接近显著性的关联[(OR=2.25, 95 %可信区间(95%CI)∶0.99～5.09, χ2=3.76, P=0.52)];按apoE ε4基因分层后,仅非ε4型人群中存在Ⅰ/Ⅴ基因型、Ⅴ等位基因与AD的关联(Ⅰ/Ⅴ基因型OR=2.98, 95%CI∶1.16～7.64, χ2=6.16, P=0.013;Ⅴ等位基因OR=2.77, 95%CI 1.12～6.87, χ2=4.82, P=0.039).A2M基因Ins/Del多态与AD间无相关(P>0.05);即使按apoE ε4基因分层后,AD组和与照组间也无差异.结论上海地区汉族人群中A2M基因Ⅰ 1 000 Ⅴ多态可能构成AD的一种疾病易感因子,其作用独立于apoE ε4基因.     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.