甲状腺相关性眼病患者患病体验的质性研究

目的探讨和了解甲状腺相关性眼病(thyroidassociated ophthal mopathy,TAO)患者的患病体验,以期为制定针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法 2014年1月至2015年6月,采用目的抽样方法选择在第二军医大学长征医院住院治疗的11例TAO患者为研究对象,采用现象学研究方法对其进行半结构式访谈,并用Nancy的7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果TAO患者的患病体验可归纳为5个主题:生活里的多方面受到影响、就医经历坎坷、应对方式多样、渴望社会支持、期待治疗效果。结论护理人员应关注TAO患者的患病体验,了解他们的需求,制定并实施针对性的护理干预措施,呼吁家庭、社会多关心患者,为患者提供更多的支持和帮助。     

In Vitro Microassay for Biological Activity of Cyclophosphamide Metabolites

A rapid tissue culture assay for detecting the activated metabolites of cyclophosphamide in serum is described. Serum obtained shortly after drug administration was added to microtest wells containing a known number of previously planted target cells. The presence and amount of drug was directly correlated with the degree of inhibition of target cell replication. Either transformed or untransformed cells could be used as the target cells. No inhibition of cell growth was observed if cyclophosphamide was added directly to target cells without prior in vivo activation.     

Rescue of Impaired NK Cell Activity in Hodgkin Lymphoma With Bispecific Antibodies In Vitro and in Patients

Natural killer (NK) cells represent a key component of the innate immune system against cancer. Nevertheless, malignant diseases arise in immunocompetent individuals despite tumor immunosurveillance. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by CD30⁺ tumor cells and a massive infiltration of immune effector cells in affected lymph nodes. The latter obviously fail to eliminate the malignant cell population. Here, we tested for functional NK cell defects in HL and suggest an improvement of NK function by therapeutic means. We demonstrate that peripheral NK cells (pNK) from patients with HL fail to eliminate HL cell lines in ex vivo killing assays. Impaired NK cell function correlated with elevated serum levels of soluble ligands for NK cell receptors NKp30 (BAG6/BAT3) and NKG2D (MICA), factors known to constrict NK cell function. In vitro, NK cell cytotoxicity could be restored by an NKG2D/NKp30-independent bispecific antibody construct (CD30xCD16A). It artificially links the tumor receptor CD30 with the cytotoxicity NK cell receptor CD16A. Moreover, we observed that NK cells from patients treated with this construct were generally activated and displayed a restored cytotoxicity against HL target cells. These data suggest that reversible suppression of NK cell activity contributes to immune evasion in HL and can be antagonized therapeutically.     

Antifungal Activity of Propolis Against Yeasts Isolated From Blood Culture: In Vitro Evaluation

Background: Due to the failure of available antifungal agents in the treatment of candidemia and the toxic activities of these drugs, a lot of researches are being conducted to develop new nontoxic and effective antifungal agents for optimal control of fungal pathogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of propolis against yeasts isolated from the blood cultures of intensive care unit patients. Methods: Seventy‐six strains were included in this study. The in vitro antifungal activity of propolis, fluconazole (FLU), and itraconazole (ITR) was investigated by the microdilution broth methods (CLSI guidelines M27‐A3 for yeast). The propolis sample was collected from Kayseri, Turkey. Results: Of the 76 isolates, 33 were identified as Candida albicans while 37 were C. parapsilosis, three were C. tropicalis, and three were identified as C. glabrata. The geometric mean range for MIC (μg/ml) with regard to all isolates was 0.077 to 3 μg/ml for FLU and ITR, and 0.375 to 0.70 μg/ml for propolis. It was shown that propolis had significant antifungal activity against all Candida strains and the MIC range of propolis was determined as 0185 to 3 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that propolis had significant antifungal activity against yeasts isolated from blood culture compared with FLU and ITR. The propolis MIC in azole‐resistant strains such as C. glabrata was found lower than the FLU MIC.     

DC-CIK细胞的生物学活性及体外抗白血病作用的研究

本研究探讨树突状细胞（DC）对细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）增殖能力、免疫表型、分泌细胞因子水平及抗白血病细胞的作用。健康人外周血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK，将DC与CIK共培养，以CIK细胞单独培养为对照。用台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数，MTT法测定杀伤活性，流式细胞术分析免疫表型，ELISA双抗体夹心法测定干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白介素-12（IL—12）的水平。结果表明：DC—CIK细胞增殖能力明显高于CIK细胞（P〈0．05）；DC、CIK细胞共培养后，CD3^＋CD8^＋、CD3^＋CD56^＋细胞比率较相同条件下CIK细胞组显著增多（P〈0．05）；共培养3天，DC—CIK细胞上清液中IL-12、IFN-γ水平均比CIK细胞单独培养的水平高（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；在5：1—40：1的效靶比范围内，DC—CIK细胞对白血病细胞的杀伤率显著高于CIK细胞（P〈0．05），且杀伤率与效靶比呈正相关。结论：DC增加CIK细胞的增殖能力和抗白血病活性，有可能作为一种临床有效的抗白血病免疫治疗手段。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of the Biological Activity of Novel Arylimidamides against Trypanosoma cruzi

Fifteen novel arylimidamides (AIAs) (6 bis-amidino and 9 mono-amidino analogues) were assayed against Trypanosoma cruziin vitro and in vivo. All the bis-AIAs were more effective than the mono-AIAs, and two analogues, DB1967 and DB1989, were further evaluated in vivo. Although both of them reduced parasitemia, protection against mortality was not achieved. Our results show that the number of amidino-terminal units affects the efficacy of arylimidamides against T. cruzi.     

In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Effects of Novel Arylimidamide Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem in several Latin American countries. The available chemotherapies for CD have limited efficacy and exhibit undesirable side effects. Aromatic diamidines and arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown broad-spectrum activity against intracellular parasites, including T. cruzi. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of eight novel AIAs (16DAP002, 16SAB079, 18SAB075, 23SMB022, 23SMB026, 23SMB054, 26SMB070, and 27SMB009) against experimental models of T. cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that none of the compounds induced a loss of cellular viability up to 32 μM. Two AIAs, 18SAB075 and 16DAP002, exhibited good in vitro activity against different parasite strains (Y and Tulahuen) and against the two relevant forms of the parasite for mammalian hosts. Due to the excellent selective indexes of 18SAB075, this AIA was moved to in vivo tests for acute toxicity and parasite efficacy; nontoxic doses (no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL], 50 mg/kg) were employed in the tests for parasite efficacy. In experimental models of acute T. cruzi infection, 18SAB075 reduced parasitemia levels only up to 50% and led to 40% protection against mortality (at 5 mg/kg of body weight), being less effective than the reference drug, benznidazole.     

Effect of Pulmonary Surfactant on Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro

Time-kill curve experiments were performed with linezolid, doripenem, tigecycline, moxifloxacin, and daptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus and with colistin, moxifloxacin, and doripenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate the effect of porcine pulmonary surfactant on antimicrobial activity. Pulmonary surfactant significantly impaired the activities of moxifloxacin and colistin. When antibiotics are being developed for respiratory tract infections, the method described here might be used to preliminarily quantify the effect of pulmonary surfactant on antimicrobial activity.     

脐血树突状细胞对同源CIK细胞生物学活性及抗白血病作用影响的研究

本研究旨在探索脐血树突状细胞（DC）对同源细胞因子诱导的杀伤（CIK）细胞体外增殖、免疫表型、分泌细胞因子水平及其对白血病细胞细胞毒作用的影响。采集脐血单个核细胞诱导DC和CIK细胞。将DC和CIK细胞按1：5的比例混合培养,以脐血CIK细胞或外周血DC—CIK细胞为对照。用流式细胞术分析细胞表型,台盼蓝活细胞计数计算细胞扩增倍数,MTT法检测效应细胞杀伤白血病细胞的活性,ELISA法测定分泌干扰素-γ（IFN—γ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-12（IL—12）的水平。结果表明,脐血DC—CIK细胞增殖能力显著高于脐血CIK细胞和外周血DC-CIK细胞（P〈0．05、P〈0．05）;脐血DC、CIK细胞共培养后,CD3^＋CD8^＋、CD3^＋CD56^＋细胞比例较相同奈件下CIK细胞明显增多（P〈0．05）;混合培养3天,脐血DC—CIK细胞上清液中IL-12、IFN-γ 、TNF—α含量均比单纯培养CIK细胞分泌含量高（P〈0．01、P〈0．05、P〈0．05）;在2．5：1—20：1的效靶比范围内,脐血DC—CIK细胞对各亚型急性白血病细胞的杀伤率明显高于CIK细胞（p〈0．05）,但对各亚型白血病细胞杀伤活性无显著性差异,与外周血DC—CIK细胞对白血病杀伤效应相类同。结论：脐血DC可增强同源CIK细胞的增殖活性和抗白血病效应。脐血DC。CIK细胞增殖能力比外周血DC—CIK细胞强,但两者在细胞毒方面无显著性差异。因脐血较易获得,且输注不易引起严重的排斥反应,因而DC—CIK细胞在免疫治疗方面具有更广泛的临床应用前景。     

In Vitro Activity and Pharmacokinetics in Patients of Cefamandole, a New Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Cefamandole nafate, a new cephalosporin for parenteral use, was evaluated in vitro against 231 recent clinical isolates and in 12 patients. Cefamandole had activity equivalent to cefazolin against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cefamandole was more active than cephalothin or cefazolin against Proteus mirabilis. Both cefamandole and cefazolin were as active as cephalothin against S. aureus, were slightly more active against K. pneumoniae, and were considerably more active against E. coli. All strains of indole-positive Proteus sp. were inhibited by 6.3 mug of cefamandole per ml but only 20% were inhibited by 25 mug of cefazolin or cephalothin per ml. Eighty-eight percent of Enterobacter sp. was inhibited by 25 mug of cefamandole per ml, but only 20 and 5% were inhibited by the same concentration of cefazolin and cephalothin, respectively. Peak levels of cefamandole ranged from 6.0 to 110 mug/ml in serum and levels ranged from 440 to 16,800 mug/ml in a 4- to 6-h collection of urine after a 500-mg or 1-g intramuscular dose (6.1 to 17.3 mg/kg) in patients with endogenous creatinine clearances of >/=31 ml/min. These levels were done after the first dose, at mid-therapy, and at the end of therapy. There was no evidence of accumulation with the 500-mg or 1-g dose given every 4 to 6 h. The percentage of the dose excreted in the urine within the first 4 to 6 h after administration of cefamandole was >/=43%. The half-life of cefamandole in serum was 49 to 126 min.     

Cefaclor: In Vitro Spectrum of Activity and Beta-Lactamase Stability

The in vitro activity of cefaclor against 556 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was compared with that of other cephalosporins. Cefaclor had activity similar to that of cephalexin against gram-positive bacteria. It showed greater activity against Haemophilus strains than did cephalexin and inhibited β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus isolates. Cefaclor was more active than cephalexin or cephalothin against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella isolates but did not act against Serratia, Acinetobacter, indole-positive Proteus, or Bacteroides isolates. Cefaclor was resistant to type III (TEM) β-lactamases but was destroyed by type I β-lactamases and, to a lesser degree, by type IV and type V β-lactamases.     

Cefamandole: Antimicrobial Activity In Vitro of a New Cephalosporin

Cefamandole, a new cephalosporin derivative, was found to have a broad spectrum of activity against a cross-section of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical material. Gram-positive cocci, except for Streptococcus faecalis, were very susceptible. Penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus also was susceptible to cefamandole. Minimal bactericidal concentrations for gram-positive cocci approximated the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Strains of Haemophilus influenzae were very susceptible to the drug. Most strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Proteus sp. were inhibited by low concentrations. Increasing resistance occurred with larger inocula. Strains of Pseudomonas sp. were resistant to cefamandole.     

体外受精-胚胎移植患者以问题为导向教育模式的效果观察

目的：探讨以问题为导向教育模式在体外受精－胚胎移植患者健康教育中的应用效果。方法选取入我院行体外受精－胚胎移植治疗的患者231例为研究对象,按开始接受体外受精－胚胎移植治疗时间顺序分为2组,2015年7—10月接受治疗的112例患者为对照组,2015年11月—2016年2月接受治疗的119例患者为观察组。对照组给予常规健康教育,观察组给予以问题为导向教育模式的健康教育。观察2组患者对体外受精－胚胎移植治疗相关辅助生殖专科知识的掌握情况;对遵医嘱用药、遵医嘱检查、合理饮食、规律运动与休息共4项依从性。结果观察组患者不孕症相关知识、促排卵治疗相关知识、取卵术相关知识、胚胎移植术相关知识、并发症预防相关知识得分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者对遵医嘱用药、遵医嘱检查、合理饮食、规律运动与休息共4项依从性得分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论以问题为导向的教育模式可提高体外受精－胚胎移植患者辅助生殖专科相关知识水平,提高其对治疗依从性,值得临床借鉴使用。     

In Vitro Activity of Antimicrobial Agents on Legionnaires Disease Bacterium

Six isolates of Legionnaires disease bacteria were tested for their susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial agents. The most active agent was rifampin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 相似文献   

低危骨髓增生异常综合征患者间充质干细胞的生物学特性的实验研究

骨髓增生异常综合征的发病机制至今尚未明确，有研究表明MDS患者骨髓基质微环境功能的异常与其发病有关。间充质干细胞是造血微环境的重要成分，本研究拟探讨低危MDS患者间充质干细胞（MSC）的生物学特性及功能．采集低危MDS患者的骨髓标本，分离、培养和扩增MSC，观察细胞形态，进行免疫表型、成骨分化能力鉴定，检测其增殖能力及对体外造血的支持功能；用实时定量RT—PCR法测定MSC中相关细胞因子及化学趋化因子的表达，并与健康供者的MSC进行比较。结果表明：培养低危MDS患者的MSC呈典型的成纤维细胞样，细胞表达SH2（CD105），SH3（CD73），Thy—1（CD90），CD34及CD45均为阴性，诱导后可向成骨细胞分化。其体外扩增能力与与健康供者相比无显著差异（P〉0．05），但体外支持造血功能较后者显著减低（P〈0．05）。实时定量PT—PCR显示SDF—1在低危MDS患者MSC中显著高表达（P〈0.01）。结论：间充质干细胞的功能异常与低危MDS患者骨髓微环境的造血调控失常相关，这为MDS发病机制的认识及治疗提供了新的思路，值得进一步探讨。     

The Effect of Dextran on Platelet Factor 3 Activity: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Intravenous infusions of one liter of low molecular weight and standard clinical dextran in normal adult subjects resulted in a significant alteration of platelet function as characterized by marked depression of platelet factor 3 (PF 3) activity. Disruption of the abnormal platelets by sonic oscillation corrected the defect, indicating that dextran coating of the platelets inhibited the release of PF 3 activity. These findings were confirmed by in vitro studies.
Infusions of serum albumin failed to produce a significant alteration in PF 3 activity.
The PF 3 depression could not be related to hemodilution or the total platelet count. Clot retraction, platelet adhesiveness, and the platelet thromboplastin test were normal. Serum prothrombin time was abnormal in some subjects.
The platelet abnormality was related to the plasma dextran concentration and the retention of large dextran molecules in the circulation. Clinical dextran had a more deleterious effect on PF 3 activity than low molecular weight dextran.
Since the majority of subjects had normal bleeding times associated with their reduced levels of PF 3 activity, the clinical significance of these studies is not clear. Nevertheless, the results of these experiments indicate that dextran coating of platelets interferes with the release of PF 3 activity, and suggest that alteration of the platelet surface may modify other platelet functions involved in maintaining a normal bleeding time.     

针对性护理对多次体外受精失败患者心理状态的影响

目的:探讨针对性护理对多次体外受精失败患者心理状态的影响。方法:选取2018年1月1日~3月31日收治的90例多次体外受精失败患者为对照组,采取常规护理;选取2018年4月1日~6月30日收治的93例多次体外受精失败患者为研究组,在常规护理基础上采用针对性护理。比较两组干预前后焦虑、抑郁情况[采用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)]、妊娠结局及护理满意度。结果:干预后,研究组HAMA、HAMD评分均低于对照组(P<0.01);研究组流产率低于对照组(P<0.05),妊娠成功率、护理满意度均高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:将针对性护理应用于多次体外受精失败患者护理中,其心理状态及妊娠结局改善明显,护理满意度高。     

In Vitro Susceptibilities of Chlamydia pneumoniae Isolates from German Patients and Synergistic Activity of Antibiotic Combinations

The susceptibilities of six Chlamydia pneumoniae type strains and of six German patient isolates to erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, doxycycline, ofloxacin, and rifampin were investigated. MICs and minimal chlamydicidal concentrations were all within the ranges reported previously. Combinations of azithromycin with either ofloxacin, doxycycline, or rifampin, as well as combinations of three antibiotics (rifampin, azithromycin, and ofloxacin or doxycycline), showed synergistic activity against C. pneumoniae.     

Effects of Cocaine on Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro

Background: A temporal relationship has been established between cocaine ingestion and myocardial infarction, and a cocaine-induced increase in platelet aggregation has been suggested as a possible explanation. However, the mechanisms of cocaine associated coronary thrombosis have yet to be completely elucidated. For this reason, we examined the in vitro effect of cocaine and its metabolites on platelet aggregation. Methods: Platelet aggregation was tested by obtaining platelet rich plasma from 42 healthy volunteers and incubating the platelet rich plasma in six concentrations of cocaine (ranging from 1.47 to 2940 nmol)for 10 minutes prior to aggregation with ADP 1 μM. The same procedure was used to test the effect of two cocaine metabolites, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester, on platelet aggregation. Abnormal results were confirmed by inducing aggregation with ADP at higher concentrations (2.4 and 10 μM) and with arachidonic acid (624 μM). Results: At increasing concentrations, cocaine progressively inhibited ADP and arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation. No effect was seen with benzoyl ecgonine or ecgonine methyl ester as compared to saline. Conclusions: These data suggest that under certain conditions cocaine may negatively affect hemostasis by decreasing platelet aggregation.