胆囊息肉样病变恶性倾向的临床病理分析

目的探讨胆囊息肉样病变恶性倾向的危险因素、超声造影表现及其在鉴别良、恶性息肉样病变中的应用。方法收集356例胆囊息肉样病变的手术病理与术前超声的资料,回顾性分析其临床和病理特征。结果手术病理结果显示,假瘤样息肉是胆囊息肉的最主要病理类型335例(94.1%),其次为良性腺瘤和恶变息肉,分别是12例(3.4%)和9例(2.5%)。在胆囊息肉恶变组中,年龄>50岁居多(占88.9%),其息肉病理类型以乳头状或乳头管状腺瘤为主(OR=17.5,P<0.01)。随着息肉的增大,恶性率逐渐增加。息肉直径≥2cm时,恶性率≥50.0%。结合手术病理结果分析发现,合并胆囊结石是影响胆囊息肉超声诊断的重要因素,彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)指标是预测良恶性息肉的独立因素。结论年龄>50岁、胆囊直径增大以及CDFI指标是胆囊息肉恶性倾向的危险因素。     

胆囊息肉样病变203例临床分析

目的　探讨胆囊息肉样病变 (PLG )的临床若干问题 ,提高其诊疗水平。方法　腹部B超检出胆囊息肉样病变患者 2 0 3例 ,其中 3 0例经腹腔镜或剖腹胆囊摘除术 ,对其临床表现与病理特点进行比较。结果　 3 0例患者中男性 12例 ,女性 18例 ,年龄 2 8～ 62岁 ,平均年龄 3 8岁。有症状者 16例 ,占 5 3 .3 3 %。真性肿瘤 5例 ( 16.66% ) ,息肉样病变 2 5例 ( 83 .3 3 % ) ,胆囊增厚 18例( 60 .0 % ) ,合并结石者 4例 ( 13 .3 % )。结论　胆囊息肉样病变属胆囊良性肿瘤 ,但少数有恶变危险 ,建议对单发性胆囊息肉样病变直径≥ 10mm或多发性的直径≥ 12mm、直径 <10mm ,但胆囊壁显著增厚 ( >4mm)及 (或 )伴有结石、有较明显的临床症状和B超动态检查息肉短期增大者应手术治疗。     

新疆地区胆囊息肉样病变331例临床分析

目的对胆囊息肉样病变(PLG)的临床特征进行分析,并探讨手术切除指征。方法对2008年8月-2013年12月新疆医科大学第四附属医院331例住院已经手术的PLG患者资料进行回顾性分析。组间率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 331例手术病例中,肿瘤性息肉13例(3.9%),非肿瘤性息肉318例(96.2%);将肿瘤组与非肿瘤组的临床特征进行对比,发现性别(χ2=6.2,P=0.013)、年龄(≥40岁/40岁)(χ2=3.90,P=0.048)、息肉大小(≥10 mm/10 mm)(χ2=77.4,P0.000 1)、病灶数目(多发/单发)(χ2=6.2,P=0.013)、息肉基底宽度(≥6 mm/6 mm)(χ2=111.8,P0.000 1)、是否合并胆囊结石(χ2=7.5,P=0.006)在2组间分布差异具有统计学意义。结论症状是决定手术指征的一个单独因素,有症状即应手术。大多数胆囊息肉恶变率低,年龄≥40岁、直径≥10 mm的单发息肉、息肉基底宽≥6 mm、近期增大明显、息肉合并结石等肿瘤相关因素,也是胆囊切除的手术指征。     

胆囊息肉恶变危险因素及治疗策略的研究进展

胆囊息肉(GBP)是一类胆囊黏膜向腔内呈息肉样隆起的病变的总称.GBP分为非肿瘤性GBP和肿瘤性GBP,研究显示胆囊癌(GBC)可由GBP恶变而来, GBP发生恶变与息肉的大小、数量、形态,患者年龄,原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC),胆囊结石,糖尿病病史等因素有关.目前GBP的治疗以外科手术为主,术前明确肿瘤性GBP的危险...     

胆囊息肉样病变的癌变危险因素分析

目的探讨胆囊息肉样病变（PLG）的癌变危险因素。方法选择118例行手术治疗且经病理证实的PLG患者,对其临床特征、腹部超声表现及病理类型进行统计分析。结果118例PLG患者中,男女比例为1：2．03,平均年龄46．2岁,临床多无特异性症状;腹部超声诊断PLG的灵敏度为80．5％。PLG以非肿瘤性息肉为主,其中胆固醇性息肉占72．9％;肿瘤性息肉占9．3％,其中癌变1例（癌变率为0．8％）;118例PLG患者的平均息肉直径为7．86rain,息肉直径≥7mm者肿瘤性息肉占90．9％、非肿瘤性息肉占54．2％（P〈0．05）。肿瘤性息肉中单发者占63．6％,非肿瘤性息肉者占24．3％（P〈0．05）。结论PLG以胆固醇性息肉为主;年龄≥50岁、息肉直径≥7mm、单发或腹部超声表现为中低或等回声的PLG癌变可能性较大,应密切随访,观察息肉变化情况,必要时行外科手术治疗。     

单发胆囊息肉样病变55例分析

本文报告经手术和病理证实的单发胆囊息肉样病变５５例，经Ｂ超和病理类型综合分析，提示癌危息肉与病变单发、大小、部位Ｂ超形态、年龄五个因素有关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以期通过Ｂ超表现来推断单发息肉样病变的病理类型、并进行了Ｂ超分型。本文对３３例前瞻性考核的符合率为９３．９％，避免了盲目性胆囊切除，又未使癌危病变漏诊。     

保胆术后胆囊结石及息肉复发的超声征象及相关因素分析

目的探讨影响保胆术后胆囊结石及息肉复发的超声征象相关因素。方法回顾性收集2011年1月~(-2)015年2月于黄石市中心医院行保胆术的700例患者的术前术后超声检测的胆囊大小、胆囊透声、胆囊壁厚度、胆汁淤积、胆囊收缩功能、胆总管内径等相关征象及术后有无胆囊结石及胆囊息肉样病变复发的情况。采用Fisher确切概率法及Cox比例风险回归模型对保胆术后复发的相关因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果 700例患者的随访时间最短6个月,最长48个月,平均(18±12)个月,其中1例术后1个月复发胆囊结石、2例术后6个月复发胆囊结石、1例术后12个月复发胆囊结石、1例术后24个月复发胆囊息肉,胆囊结石及息肉样病变平均复发时间为术后9.8个月,复发率为0.71%(5/700)。单因素分析结果显示胆囊壁厚度≥4 mm、胆囊收缩功能30%、胆汁淤积在胆囊结石及息肉复发与未复发的患者之间差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。多因素分析结果显示胆囊壁厚度≥4 mm、胆汁淤积、胆囊收缩功能30%为保胆术后复发的独立影响因素(P值分别为0.000 3、0.040 0、0.040 0)。结论超声显示胆囊壁厚度≥4 mm、胆囊收缩功能30%、胆汁淤积与胆囊结石及胆囊息肉样病变复发密切相关。     

内镜下结直肠息肉切除术后迟发性出血的危险因素分析

目的 分析结直肠息肉切除术后迟发性出血的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年5月行内镜下结直肠息肉切除术的459例患者资料,根据术后是否发生迟发性出血分为出血组与未出血组,比较两组相关因素的差异,分析迟发性出血的危险因素。结果 459例患者中发生迟发性出血者27例;共切除息肉572枚,发生迟发性出血息肉42枚。单因素分析显示,患者性别（男性85.2%）、切除息肉数量（≥3枚者59.3%）、合并高脂血症（29.6%）,息肉直径(≥10 mm者66.7%）、形态（有蒂81.0%)、病理类型（腺瘤型95.2%）、切除方式(EMR者90.5%)与迟发性出血显著相关（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,患者性别、合并高脂血症,息肉数目、大小、形态为迟发性出血的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 男性患者、合并高脂血症、切除≥3枚息肉、息肉直径≥10 mm、息肉有蒂为迟发性出血的独立危险因素。     

胆囊息肉样病变直径对判断息肉性质的价值分析*

目的 探讨胆囊息肉直径对判断息肉性质的价值。方法 2010年1月～2019年3月我科诊治的胆囊息肉患者420例,接受开放或腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗。采用多因素Logistic回归分析胆囊癌发生的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),计算不同胆囊息肉直径预测息肉恶变的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感性和特异性。结果 经术后组织病理学检查,诊断良性胆囊息肉388例,恶性胆囊息肉32例;良性胆囊息肉患者年龄为(46.6±8.7)岁,显著小于恶性胆囊息肉患者;良性胆囊息肉直径为6(2,27)mm,显著小于恶性胆囊息肉直径;良恶性息肉患者性别构成、胆囊息肉数目、胆囊结石、癌胚抗原、CA19-9和空腹血糖等均无显著性统计学差异(P>0.05);经多因素分析,发现胆囊息肉直径是胆囊癌发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05,OR=1.52,95%CI:1.36～1.69);绘制胆囊息肉直径ROC曲线,得出AUC为0.89(0.85～0.93),即当息肉直径为13 mm时,诊断胆囊癌的敏感性和特异性分别为91.0%和71.8%。结论 胆囊息肉直径预测胆囊癌的价值较高,当息肉直径>13 mm时,因恶变风险增大,建议手术治疗。     

胆囊息肉样病变612例临床分析

目的分析总结胆囊息肉样病变的临床、病理、诊断等特征．方法我院及中华医学会第七届全国胆道外科学术会议资料共报道胆囊息肉样病变６１２例进行分析和总结．结果胆囊息肉样病变６１２例占同期胆囊切除术的４２％；３０岁～５０岁占７８５％；结石合并率２８５％；病理类型中以胆固醇息肉最多，占５３７％；腺瘤性息肉恶变率极高，达２８５％；临床表现无特异性，Ｂ超的诊断率最高，达９２５％．结论胆囊息肉样病变患者相对年轻；病理类型以胆固醇类多见，腺瘤性息肉易恶变，特别是合并结石的息肉；临床诊断以Ｂ超为首选     

Hand dysfunction after transradial artery catheterization for coronary procedures

AIM To sythesize the available literature on hand dysfunction after transradial catheterization.METHODS We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE. The search results were reviewed by two independent judicators for studies that met the inclusion criteria and relevant reviews. We included studies that evaluated any transradial procedure and evaluated hand function outcomes post transradial procedure. There were no restrictions based on sample size. There was no restriction on method of assessing hand function which included disability, nerve damage, motor or sensory loss. There was no restriction based on language of study. Data was extracted, these results were narratively synthesized.RESULTS Out of 555 total studies 13 studies were finally included in review. A total of 3815 participants with mean age of 62.5 years were included in this review. A variety of methods were used to assess sensory and motor dysfunction of hand. Out of 13 studies included, only 3 studies reported nerve damage with a combined incidence of 0.16%, 5 studies reported sensory loss, tingling and numbness with a pooled incidence of 1.52%. Pain after transradial access was the most common form of hand dysfunction(6.67%) reported in 3 studies. The incidence of hand dysfunction defined as disability, grip strength change, power loss or any other hand complication was incredibly low at 0.26%. Although radial artery occlusion was not our primary end point for this review, it was observed in 2.41% of the participants in total of five studies included.CONCLUSION Hand dysfunction may occur post transradial catheterisation and majority of symptoms resolve without any clinical sequel.     

Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Plasma on Micro-Tensile Bond Strength at Adhesive/Dentin Interface: A Systematic Review

Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) on adhesives resin–dentin micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) in previously published studies. Methods: Electronic search was conducted using the Medline, Cochrane library, and Scopus databases. The included studies were laboratory studies that investigated the effect of NTAP on adhesives μTBS to coronal dentin. Studies that evaluated the effect of NTAP on bond strength to indirect substrates, enamel or root dentin, were excluded. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed. Results: Thirteen studies were included in this systematic review. All the included studies were considered to have a medium risk of bias. NTAP significantly improved μTBS at 24 h or after short-term aging in five studies (38.5%) and both immediate and after long-term aging in 5 studies (38.5%). In two studies (15.4%), NTAP resulted in a short-term material-dependent effect that was not stable after long-term aging. Interestingly, in one study (7.7%), NTAP had a positive effect only in the etch-and-rinse (ER) mode after long-term aging. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this systematic review, NTAP application could enhance resin–dentin μTBS of ER adhesives or universal adhesives (UAs) applied in the ER mode. In the ER mode, the rewetting step after NTAP seems to be unnecessary. Because of the limited information currently available in the literature, further studies are required to evaluate the effect of the NTAP application on self-etch (SE) adhesives or UAs applied in the SE mode.     

Physical activity interventions promoted in the Arabic‐speaking region: A review of the current literature

The Arabic‐speaking region suffers from insufficient levels of physical activity (PA). Assessing the effectiveness of PA interventions presents a scientifically evaluated method to reduce and prevent the current high burden of noncommunicable diseases affecting this region. This review examined implemented PA interventions and corresponding measured health outcomes in this region. The review was limited to studies prior to January 2020 using nine electronic academic databases. Only intervention‐focused articles incorporating PA as the primary intervention or as a component of a multibehavioural intervention were included. Thirty‐nine PA intervention studies were identified. Published PA interventions were implemented among 50% of the countries in the region. Seventy percent of the studies were conducted in the Gulf region and 25% in North Africa. A third of the studies was designed for children and adolescents. Accordingly, 40% of interventions were for patients living with comorbidities. Seventy percent of the studies included PA as part of a multidisciplinary intervention. Most studies included body mass index as an outcome parameter. Significant improvement (P < .05) in measured health outcomes was seen in 97% of studies. Thorough analysis includes social and culturally congruent aspects of the PA interventions and discussion of resultant health outcomes. This information furthers the understanding of effective PA interventions that can be adapted to target sedentary lifestyle behaviours in this region.     

Pharmacokinetic changes post–bariatric surgery: A scoping review

Bariatric surgeries induce structural changes that can alter the absorption of drugs in patients already at risk of polypharmacy. This scoping review aimed to explore pharmacokinetic changes of orally administered drugs in patients post‐bariatric surgery, and assess the quality and level of bias. Electronic databases were searched for articles relating to bariatric surgery and pharmacokinetics published between 1998 and 2019. Pre‐post studies reporting on pharmacokinetic parameters were included, and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk‐of‐bias. A total of 21 studies were included in this review, and changes in absorption were reported in all included studies across 29 drugs. In 11 studies, this change was reported as statistically significant (p<.05), while six reported a nonsignificant change. More drugs exhibited a shorter Tmax and higher Cmax after surgery than otherwise, however changes in AUC were variable. Four studies were assessed as having fair quality while the remainder of the included studies were of good quality and low risk‐of‐bias. Bariatric surgery alters the absorption of drugs and several mechanisms are implicated to be responsible. Short and long‐term monitoring is recommended in patients post‐surgery for clinical changes in response to medications. Future research with a higher number of participants and greater control of variables, such as concurrent medications, malabsorptive disorders, and body composition should be considered.     

Complete Obturation—Cold Lateral Condensation vs. Thermoplastic Techniques: A Systematic Review of Micro-CT Studies

To prevent re-infection and provide a hermetic seal of the root canal system, an endodontist must aim to produce a void-free obturation. This review aimed to compare the completeness of root canal obturation between the two most prevalent methods—cold lateral condensation and warm gutta-percha techniques—using micro-CT (PROSPERO reg no. 249815). Materials and Methods: A search of Scopus, Embase, PubMed (Medline via PubMed), and Web of Science databases was done without any time restriction according to the PRISMA protocol. Articles that compared both techniques and were published in English were included. Data was extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using an adapted tool based on previous studies. Results: A total of 141 studies were identified by the search. Following the screening and selection of articles, 9 studies were included for review. Data was extracted manually and tabulated. Most studies had a moderate risk of bias. None determined operator skill in both methods before comparison. The data extracted from the included studies suggests that both techniques produce voids in the obturation. The thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques may result in fewer voids compared to cold lateral condensation. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the included studies, it was concluded that neither technique could completely obturate the root canal. Thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques showed better outcomes despite a possible learning bias in favor of cold lateral condensation. Establishing operator skills before comparison may help reduce this bias.     

The effectiveness of e-healthcare interventions for mental health of nurses: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Background:Mental health problems, including burnout among nurses, are common and important. With the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the rise in use of smartphones, the use of e-mental health strategies is increasing in public and clinical settings, and initial clinical trials using this intervention have been conducted. This systematic review evaluated whether e-healthcare interventions improve burnout and other mental health aspects in nurses.Methods:Six electronic databases including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Elsevier), the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and PsycARTICLES were searched to collect relevant randomized controlled trials up to January 28, 2021, using e-healthcare interventions for mental health in nurses. The e-healthcare intervention was classified as web-based, smartphone-based, and real-time online interventions. The primary outcome was burnout in this population. Due to the heterogeneity of the interventions used in the included studies, quantitative synthesis was not performed, but included studies were analyzed qualitatively. Also, the details of e-healthcare for the mental health of nurses were analyzed. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane''s Risk of Bias tool.Results:Seven randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The 20-minute session of an online form of the emotional freedom technique was reported to significantly improve burnout severity compared to no intervention (P < .001). Other outcomes, such as career identity, quality of work life, workplace bullying, job stress, turnover intention, distress, anxiety, and resilience in nurses, were also reported to be improved by e-healthcare interventions. The methodological quality of the included studies was generally poor.Conclusions:In conclusion, there was some evidence that e-healthcare interventions may improve mental health outcomes, including burnout in nurses, compared with no intervention. However, due to the poor methodological quality and wide heterogeneity of the interventions and outcomes in the included studies, we were not able to reach sufficiently reliable conclusions. E-healthcare intervention for nurses in the new coronavirus disease era was discussed. High-quality clinical trials in this area should be conducted in the future.     

Relationship between personality factors and frailty. A systematic review

PurposeTo date, some empirical studies showed a link between personality factors and frailty. Nevertheless, a systematic review is lacking synthesizing the current evidence. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to fill this gap in knowledge based on observational studies.Materials and methodsThree electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL) were searched. Moreover, a hand search was conducted. Observational studies focusing on the association between personality and frailty were included, whereas disease-specific studies were excluded. Data referring to methods, characteristics of the sample and key findings were extracted. The NIH tool was used to assess study quality/risk of bias. Two reviewers performed study selection, extracted the data and conducted the quality assessment.Result: In sum, five (mostly longitudinal) studies were included in the final synthesis. Mainly based on large, nationally representative cohorts, these studies point to an association between personality and frailty. More precisely, they mainly point to a link between low conscientiousness as well as high neuroticism and increased frailty levels. The quality of the studies included was quite high.ConclusionsThis knowledge may assist in identifying individuals at risk for increased frailty levels (i.e., particularly individuals with low conscientiousness and high neuroticism). Efforts to increase conscientiousness and reduce neuroticism may assist in postponing frailty. Future studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Prospero registration number: CRD42020193100.     

Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in treating sleep disturbance in dementia patients: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and limitations of current evidence

Background:Dementia is of increasing importance, as it is a major public health problem worldwide. Sleep disturbance is common in dementia patients and may be associated with worse cognitive symptoms or behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as acupuncture, for treating this clinical condition are gaining importance. This study aimed to comprehensively search and analyze randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of acupuncture in treating sleep disturbance or sleep disorders in dementia patientsMethods:A comprehensive search was conducted from 12 electronic databases on December 2, 2020. We included RCTs reporting the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in treating sleep disorders or disturbance in dementia patients. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration''s risk-of-bias tool.Results:Five articles with four original RCTs met the inclusion criteria. These studies reported clinical data suggesting that adjuvant acupuncture for hypnotics, and ear acupressure in dementia patients with sleep disorders or sleep disturbance may have clinical benefits in certain sleep-related parameters and total effective rate (TER). Only 1 study reported the safety profile of the intervention, and no acupuncture-related adverse reactions were reported. Some studies compared 2 kinds of acupuncture methods, and found that specific acupuncture methods were superior to conventional acupuncture in improving sleep-related parameters, cognitive function and TER. The methodological quality of the included clinical studies was not high.Conclusions:There were limited acupuncture studies on this topic. Given the number of studies included and their sample size, methodological quality, and heterogeneities, clinically relevant conclusions could not be drawn. Further clinical studies are needed in this field considering its urgency and importance.     

Economic impact of childhood obesity on health systems: a systematic review

The primary purpose of this study is to analyse the costs related to childhood obesity (CO) with reference to different models of healthcare systems. A systematic review of the economic impact of CO on healthcare systems was conducted by searching the main electronic scientific databases. Cost-of-illness (COI) analyses of children aged under 18 years who had been diagnosed as overweight or obese published up to July 2010 were considered. Short- and long-term consequences of CO were taken into account. In order to appraise the quality of the included studies, the British Medical Journal referees' checklist was used. About 3,844 COI analyses were initially found and 10 were finally considered in the current review: two studies referred to Beveridge and eight referred to Voluntary health insurance models. No studies have been conducted within a Bismarck model. Six studies considered in-patient costs, four studies estimated outpatient and primary care costs and seven studies considered pharmaceutical costs. The average quality of the included analyses was medium. The analysis confirmed the significance of CO related costs and the heterogeneity among available studies, which made it impossible to compare the different healthcare models.     

Defining bloodstream infections related to central venous catheters in patients with cancer: a systematic review

The objective of this review was to determine whether consistent definitions were used in published studies of bloodstream infections due to central venous catheters in patients with cancer (ie, catheter-related or catheter-associated bloodstream infections). Review of 191 studies reporting catheter-related or catheter-associated bloodstream infections in patients with cancer revealed a lack of uniformity in these definitions. We grouped definitions by type, with 39 articles failing to cite or report a definition. Definitions included those of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n = 39) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (n = 18). The criteria included in the definitions in studies were also tabulated. Clinical manifestations were frequently included. Definitions used have been highly variable; comparability of risk factors, incidence, management, and outcomes of such infections is difficult to achieve across studies. Future research should focus on development of a common definition of catheter-related and catheter-associated bloodstream infections for both adults and children with cancer.