恶性血液病血清SOD活力和MDA含量的检测及临床意义

目的探讨血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量在恶性血液病中的变化规律及临床意义。方法采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD活力,采用硫代巴比妥酸化学比色法测定MDA含量。结果治疗前急性白血病、慢性粒细胞白血病和多发性骨髓瘤组血清SOD活力明显低于正常组(P<0.05),非霍奇金淋巴瘤组血清SOD活力与正常组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);急性白血病、慢性粒细胞白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤组血清MDA含量均明显高于正常组(P<0.05)。14例急性白血病和8例多发性骨髓瘤患者经治疗病情缓解后血清SOD活力较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),MDA含量明显下降(P<0.05)。结论自由基—脂质过氧化反应参与了恶性血液病的发生、发展,动态监测血清SOD活力和MDA含量的变化,对观察恶性血液病病情变化、判断预后有重要的临床意义。     

阿托伐他汀对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶的影响

目的：探讨阿托伐他汀对局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。方法选用健康Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠,随机分为阿托伐他汀预处理组、单纯缺血组和假手术组。阿托伐他汀预处理组于术前15 d灌胃阿托伐他汀,6 mg/（kg·d）,然后制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型,缺血后24 h行神经行为学评分、化学比色法测定脑组织匀浆中SOD活性。结果与假手术组比较,局灶性脑缺血24 h,脑组织SOD活性明显下降（P〈0.05）。与单纯缺血组比较,阿托伐他汀预处理组明显降低神经行为学评分（P〈0.05）,提高脑组织匀浆SOD活性（P〈0.05）。结论阿托伐他汀可以改善局灶性脑缺血大鼠神经行为学评分,提高脑组织SOD活性,增强氧自由基清除作用,具有神经保护作用。     

固定化超氧化物歧化酶的制备

目的 研究固定化超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的制备方法。方法 分别以不同方法对铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZnSOD)进行固定并比较其活力,对固定化方法进行相应的考察和优化。结果 以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛交联法制备固定化SOD酶,酶活力和酶活回收率均较理想,固定化过程中的pH在6.0-8.2范围内,对固定化效果无明显影响;优化条件下制备的固定化铜锌超氧化物歧化酶,所得壳聚糖酶粉活力可达141 U·g-1,酶活回收率大于60％。结论 壳聚糖-戊二醛交联法可用于固定化超氧化物歧化酶粉的制备。     

Organ-specific effects of naphthalene on tissue peroxidation,glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase in the rat

Male, weanling Blue-Spruce rats were treated with naphthalene (p.o.) in defined dose increments up to 750 mg/kg body weight over 9 weeks. At necropsy, treated rats showed a 20% decrease in body weight compared to controls. Naphthalene treatment resulted in enhanced peroxidation (p<0.001) only in the liver. This increased peroxidation was associated with reductions (p<0.05) in the activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in hepatic cytosolic fractions and an associated increase (p<0.05) in the selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase. No increase in peroxidation was observed in the lung, eye or heart of these rats and the activities of the selenoenzyme and the selenium-independent glutathione peroxidases were also unaffected by naphthalene in these organs. Naphthalene also did not affect superoxide dismutase activity in any of the organs examined. Thus, in addition to the known effects of naphthalene on tissue glutathione, naphthalene-induced reductions in the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase can also contribute to peroxidation in the liver and must be considered as a contributing factor in naphthalene toxicity in vivo.Supported, in part, by NIH Grant ES 03370     

Study of the inactivation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase by tetracycline analogues

Tetracycline analogues (oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and tetracycline) can inactivate copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The interactions between tetracycline analogues and CuZnSOD were studied by using the UV–visible absorption and spectrofluorimetric method. Tetracycline analogues can cause fluorescence quenching of CuZnSOD by a static mechanism. The absorption spectrum and quenching constant all support this conclusion. The binding constants of tetracycline analogues with CuZnSOD were obtained at various temperatures. Based on the Förster nonradioactive energy transfer theory, we obtain the distance between the donors and acceptors. Based on the thermodynamic parameter we also determined that the main force acting between them is electrostatic gravitation. Tetracycline analogues can decrease the activity of CuZnSOD purified from garlic and the whole blood from rabbits injected with tetracycline. Such results provide a reference for clinical diagnosis using the activity level of CuZnSOD, which varies in patients with different diseases.     

超氧化物歧化酶同工酶异常表达与活性的临床前研究进展

超氧化物歧化酶同工酶（Cu,Zn-SOD、Mn-SOD和EC-SOD）在抗肿瘤和其它抗氧化损伤过程中表达和活性的变化较为复杂。在不同的病理生理条件下,超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的表达或活性在不同组织器官中会出现不同的状况,表达的数量和活性也各有特点。近几年,有关超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的异常表达及其活性的国内研究较少,本文对其进行归纳总结,以便为疾病诊断、治疗、预后和新药的研究开发以及抗氧化抗凋亡的研究提供参考。     

Susceptibility of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase to aluminium induced oxidative damage

Aluminium has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases but exact mechanism of action is still not known. Mitochondria being a major site of reactive oxygen species production are considered to be target of oxidative stress and it seems that the oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins may underlie the pathogenesis of aluminium induced neurodegeneration. Thus, the present study was undertaken to reveal the effects of chronic aluminium exposure (10 mg/kg b.wt, intragastrically for 12 weeks) on the oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins in male albino Wistar rats. Chronic aluminium exposure resulted in decrease in the activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and aconitase in different regions of rat brain suggesting increased oxidative stress. This decrease in MnSOD activity in turn might be responsible for the increased protein oxidation as observed in our study. All these processes taken together may cause increased oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins in general. By taking the advantage of recent immunochemical probe for oxidatively modified proteins, we identified MnSOD to be susceptible to oxidative damage in aluminium treated animals. The quantitative RT-PCR analysis for Lon protease, a protease involved in the removal of oxidatively modified proteins from mitochondria, showed decreased mRNA expression suggesting increased oxidative damage and decreased removal of mitochondrial proteins. The identification of specific proteins as targets of oxidative damage may provide new therapeutic measures to reverse the effects of aluminium induced neurodegeneration.     

肾缺血再灌注后血清、脑脊液和脑组织中Ca^2＋和超氧化物歧化酶活性变化的研究

目的通过测定肾缺血再灌注后血清、脑脊液和脑组织中Ca2 含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,探讨其在肾缺血再灌注损伤中的变化规律。方法20只健康新西兰兔随机分为对照组和肾缺血再灌注组(IR组),检测和比较缺血再灌注后24小时血清和脑脊液中尿素氮(BUN)含量,以及血清、脑脊液和脑组织中Ca2 含量和SOD活性。结果与对照组相比,在肾缺血再灌注后24小时IR组血清和脑脊液中的BUN显著升高,IR组脑脊液和脑组织中Ca2 含量显著升高而SOD活性均显著降低。结论肾缺血再灌注损伤后,脑脊液和脑组织中自由基生成增多,出现钙积聚,提示肾缺血再灌注损伤后神经系统功能的改变可能与其相关。     

邻苯三酚法测定超氧化物歧化酶缓释片中SOD的活性

目的建立超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)缓释片的活性测定方法。方法采用邻苯三酚自氧化法。结果在SOD浓度为 0 .0 6 0～0 . 0 0 6mg·ml-1时线性关系良好 (r=0 .9996 ) ;平均空白加样回收率为 10 1 .94 % (n=9)。结论所用方法简单、快速 ,结果准确。     

High efficiency entrapment of superoxide dismutase into mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes

Superoxide dismutase (SOD), antioxidative enzyme and potential anti-inflammatory agent, was encapsulated into mucoadhesive chitosan-coated liposomes in order to increase its releasing time and to facilitate its cellular penetration. Positively, neutrally and negatively charged liposomes were prepared using soybean lecithin, stearylamine, phosphatidyl glycerol and cholesterol. The effects of liposomal lipid composition and protein to lipid ratio on the encapsulation parameters were studied in three preparation methods: dehydration–rehydration, hydration and proliposome methods. The highest efficiency of SOD entrapment, 39–65%, was achieved by the proliposome method. Vesicles prepared by the hydration method entrapped 1–13% and vesicles prepared by dehydration–rehydration entrapped 2–3% of SOD. Stability tests for SOD-loaded liposomes prepared by the proliposome method showed no significant loss of the enzyme activity within 1 month at 4 °C or within 2 days at 37 °C. Positively, neutrally and negatively charged liposomes, prepared by the proliposome method, were successfully coated with two types of low and medium molecular weight chitosans. Both types of chitosan coating increased the mucoadhesive characteristics of all three types of vesicles. Using the proliposome method and subsequent chitosan coating, highly efficient SOD-loaded vesicles for drug targeting on mucosal tissues could be produced.     

超氧化物歧化酶含量对肺癌病情的影响

目的 探讨超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在肺癌发病过程中的作用.方法 采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测30例正常人及29例肺癌患者化疗前及化疗1、2、3个周期后血浆SOD值,并进行对比研究.结果 肺癌组血浆SOD明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),化疗1、2个周期后SOD升高,但仍低于对照组(P＜0.01),化疗3个周期后SOD与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),化疗前后鳞癌与腺癌间SOD值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),腺癌、鳞癌与鳞腺癌间SOD差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).各周期化疗后SOD差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 SOD与肺癌的发生、发展、治疗有关,可作为肺癌诊治的一个临床检测及疗效判定的指标.     

应用荧光原位杂交法和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶测定法诊断先天愚型的比较研究

目的　为探索快速诊断先天愚型症的方法 ,采用荧光原位杂交法与红细胞超氧化物歧化酶测定法进行研究。方法　红细胞超氧化物歧化酶用极谱氧传感器法测定 ,荧光原位杂交法按探针说明书进行。结果　红细胞SOD测定检测正常人 6 2例 ,正常新生儿 5 2例 ,先天愚型病人 32例 ,先天愚型新生儿 5例。SOD平均值分别为 :6 935± 487U/mlRBC、5 6 5 3± 46 3U/mlRBC、10 6 2 1± 837U/mlRBC、8375± 2 43U/mlRBC。荧光原位杂交法检测先天愚型病人 15例 ,正常人 15例 ,杂交斑点阳性率分别为 96 7%和 95 %。结论　红细胞超氧化物歧化酶测定法快速 ,可在 2h内完成 ;荧光原位杂交法相对费时、繁琐 ,但直观、安全 ,但两者的准确性是一致的。     

Preliminary studies on the differential removal of products formed in the DNA of various rat organs after chronic administration of a low dose of zinc

Metals can bind to various sites on the bases, the phosphate groups and/or sugars in DNA, depending on the physico-chemical characteristics of the metal ion. Up till now most studies concerned with the interaction of metal ions with DNA and polynucleotides have been carried out in vitro. In the present study, 23 ppm Zn2+ was administered chronically to rats in the drinking water for periods up to 1 week, after which the DNA was isolated from liver, kidney, ileum, colon and brain. The DNA was subsequently hydrolysed and the purine bases separated on Sephadex G-10. Three products of metalation were eluted. There were differences in the overall levels of metalation and in the capacity of the different organs to remove the major product of metalation from the DNA: after 7 days the Zn2+ content of this adduct in brain and kidney was 2 and 4 times respectively that of the controls, but in colon and ileum it had returned to control values, despite the continued administration of Zn2+.     

宫内急性缺血及再灌注对胎鼠肾SOD和MDA的影响

目的利用大鼠宫内急性缺血及再灌注模型检测胎龄21d鼠肾损伤后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化,以探讨宫内缺血/再灌注时肾损伤的发病机制。方法选取孕21dWistar大鼠,腹腔麻醉后,暴露双角子宫及供应子宫和卵巢的动静脉血管,钳夹其双角子宫一侧动静脉血管,钳夹时间分别为10、30min,达要求时间后取下动脉夹行再灌注,再灌注时间分别为0.5、2、6、24h,对侧未钳夹宫角内的胎鼠为对照组,每个时间点留取7份标本。分别检测各个时间点胎鼠肾SOD、MDA的含量。结果①SOD活性:缺血10min时SOD活性开始降低(P>0.05),缺血30min时SOD活性下降明显(P<0.05),随再灌注时间的延长,SOD活性逐渐降低,于再灌注6h时达最低(P<0.01),而后SOD活性开始升高,再灌注24h时虽未恢复正常,但与假手术组无差异(P>0.05);缺血10min组与缺血30min组相比,后组明显低于前组,尤为再灌注0.5h和再灌注6h(P<0.01);②MDA含量:缺血10minMDA含量即开始升高(P>0.05),缺血30min时MDA含量升高明显(P<0.05);随再灌注时间的延长,MDA含量逐渐升高,尤为再灌注2、6、24h(P<0.01);缺血10min组与缺血30min组相比,后组明显高于前组,尤为再灌注6h(P<0.01)。结论宫内缺血无再灌注时即有自由基损伤的存在;自由基损伤可能是宫内缺血再灌注肾损伤的发病机制之一。     

微波加热破膜提取猪血超氧化物歧化酶的研究

目的建立一种提取猪血超氧化物歧化酶粗品的简易方法。方法采用微波加热和铜离子保护相结合的方法从猪血红细胞中提取超氧化物歧化酶。结果微波加热破膜法与传统的水溶胀法相比 ,处理时间短 ,酶的比活显著提高。结论微波加热破膜法是一种快速、高效的粗提取超氧化物歧化酶的方法。     

ICP—MS法测定莲子中重金属元素含量

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）测定莲子中砷（As）、镉（cd）、铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）等重金属含量的方法。方法样品经微波消解处理后,以铟（In）为内标,采用ICP—MS同时测定上述4种元素的含量。结果各测定元素线性关系良好（相关系数r〉0．9995）,回收率在97．5％-107．8％之间。结论该方法准确、简便、快速、灵敏,可用于莲子中这4种重金属元素的测定。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清总胆红素水平与超氧化物歧化酶活性相关性研究

目的：探讨血清总胆红素水平与超氧化物歧化酶活性在糖尿病肾病中的临床价值。方法：根据尿微量清蛋白排泄率将87例糖尿病肾病患者分为临床清蛋白尿组、微量清蛋白尿组、正常清蛋白尿组,并取76例健康体检者,分别测定血清总胆红素水平、超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果：两者在实验组、正常对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,且两者与尿微量清蛋白排泄率呈负相关（r=-0.520,P〈0.01;r=-0.507,P〈0.01）,两者之间呈正相关（r=0.409,P〈0.01）。结论：糖尿病肾病患者血清总胆红素水平与超氧化物歧化酶活性均较正常水平低,证实低胆红素水平与氧化应激参与糖尿病肾病发生,并提示二者存在一定联系。     

Effects of mono and di(n-butyl) phthalate on superoxide dismutase

Di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) is a plasticizer used in the manufacture of several industrial and household articles. They get easily released to the environment and may cause adverse effects to living organisms. Effects of DBP and its metabolite monobutyl phthalate (MBP) on superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, have been studied. When SOD was incubated with varying amount of DBP the activity of the enzyme was decreased proportionate to the concentration of the phthalates added. A similar result was observed with MBP also. These indicate that the DBP and MBP possess concentration dependent inhibitory effect on SOD. The mode of interaction of DBP and MBP has also been investigated using modeling and docking studies. The docking results showed that both DBP and MBP can bind in the active site of SOD and can make hydrogen bonds with the active site residue R143. This residue is crucial in the binding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during its conversion to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This may perhaps explain the inhibitory effect of DBP and MBP on SOD.     

脑出血患者血浆及脑血肿引流物ET、MDA、SOD、LPO对照研究

目的研究内皮素(ET)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)脑出血患者含量改变的临床意义。方法分析脑出血患者血浆及脑血肿引流物ET、MDA、SOD、LPO含量改变。结果血浆和脑血肿引流物ET、MDA、LPO明显增高 ,其中脑血肿引流物增高更为显著。而血浆和脑血肿引流物SOD均明显降低 ,以脑血肿引流物降低更明显。结论脑出血时血管收缩因子增加 ,而舒张因子减少 ,同时脑内自由基产生增多 ,而清除自由基能力下降 ,这可能是脑出血时比较重要的病理机制     

黄芪中4种重金属元素含量的测定

目的测定黄芪中As,Hg,Cd,Pb 4种重金属元素的含量。方法用原子荧光光谱法测重金属含量。结果黄芪中As,Hg,Cd,Pb含量分别为0.6053,0.0130,0.0082,7.1975（mg.kg-1）,对于所测元素校准曲线的相关系数r〉0.9995,加标回收率为98.3%~101.5%,RSD≤2.1%。结论该方法快速、简便、准确且灵敏度高,可用于黄芪中重金属元素的含量测定。