葶苈子水提液对动物实验性心室重构的影响

目的研究葶苈子水提液对异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱发小鼠,L-甲状腺素(L-Thy)诱发大鼠实验性心室重构的影响。方法小鼠每天scISO2mg/kg,连续7d;大鼠每天ipL-Thy0.3mg/kg,连续10d,制备心室重构动物模型。各组小鼠每天ig葶苈子水提液6、12g/kg和美托洛尔0.06g/kg,连续7d后,检测心脏指数、血浆环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、心肌血管紧张素(Ang)量的变化;各组大鼠每天ig葶苈子水提液4、8g/kg和卡托普利0.02g/kg10d后,检测心脏指数、血浆中醛固酮(ALD)及左心肌Ang、羟脯氨酸(Hyp)量的变化。结果模型小鼠的心脏指数、cAMP、Ang量均明显升高,给予美托洛尔0.06g/kg或葶苈子水提液12g/kg均可抑制小鼠左心室重构和肥厚,降低心脏指数和血清cAMP水平及心肌Ang的量(P<0.05)。模型大鼠也出现心肌纤维化,心脏指数、心肌Ang、血浆ALD、心肌Hyp量均明显升高,给予卡托普利0.02g/kg或葶苈子水提液4、8g/kg均可降低大鼠心脏指数和Ang、ALD及心肌Hyp水平(P<0.05)。结论葶苈子水提液具有抑制实验动物心肌肥大、心室重构的作用,其作用机制可能与抑制交感神经系统兴奋性及抑制Ang、ALD等神经内分泌因子激活有关。     

国产西洋参茎叶总皂甙对犬心肌血流量及氧代谢的影响

 用在位心脏冠脉流量测定法，观察了国产西洋参茎叶总皂甙iv25，50mg/kg对麻醉开胸犬心肌血流量及氧代谢的影响。结果表明，50mg/kg可明显增加心肌血流量、降低冠脉阻力，并减少心肌耗氧量及心肌耗氧指数，对心肌氧利用率则无明显影响。     

救必应提取物心血管药理作用

研究表明:救必应醇提物具有降低冠脉流量、减慢心率及使心肌收缩力减弱,提高耐缺氧能力及抗心律失常作用;救必应水提物作用与醇提物相似,但减慢心率及减弱心肌收缩力的作用不明显。     

心复康对猫冠脉窦流量及心肌耗氧量的研究

本实验研究了中药心复康对猫冠脉窦流量、心肌耗氧量、心肌氧摄取率、血压、心率等的影响。结果表明:静注心复康5.4mg/kg和27mg/kg分别在给药后10min和15min作用达到最强。此时,显著增加冠脉窦流量;降低心肌耗氧量及心肌氧摄取率,30min后基本恢复至给药前水平。心复康二组剂量均能轻度、短暂、降低血压,而对心率无影响。     

壮药土甘草水提物及醇提物毒理学研究

目的 观察土甘草水提物和醇提物对小鼠灌胃给药的急性毒性.方法 以土甘草水提物1.57 g/ml,醇提物2.40 g/ml,最大剂量40 ml/kg分别对小鼠灌胃给药,观察其急性毒性.结果 给药后,小鼠均蜷卧少动,24 h后此症状消失.观察7 d,小鼠的行为、进食、皮毛、眼和粘膜、呼吸、四肢活动和体重均无异常,未出现其它毒性反应.土甘草水提物对小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量为62.8 g生药/kg;醇提物对小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量为96.0 g生药/kg.结论 土甘草水提物对小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量为62.8 g生药/kg;醇提物对小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量为96.0 g生药/kg.未出现其它毒性反应.     

复方丹参片的药理作用研究

实验结果表明,给动物口服复方丹参片10g/kg,有明显抑制氯仿引起小鼠心室纤颤作用。静脉注射0.4g/kg,有缩短氯化钡引起的大鼠心律失常时间的作用。口服3.5g/kg和腹腔注射13.5g/kg,均能明显延长小鼠常压耐缺氧时间,并能显著对抗垂体后叶素引起的心电图T波变化。复方丹参片液0.1ml(相当于成人每次口服量的3倍)和0.2ml(相当于成人每次口服量的6倍)均有显著增加冠脉流量的作用,并随着剂量的增加而作用增强。复方丹参片对缺氧灌流液所致心衰的冠脉流量增加18.6%,口服10g/kg能显著延长小鼠的凝血时间。     

懈皮素磷酸酷钾对冠脉流量及心肌耗氧量的影响

 iv懈皮素磷酸酯钾（potassium quercetin phosphate,简称PQP)20mg/kg能增加猫的冠脉流量，对血压、心率及心肌耗氧量均无显著影响。小鼠ipPQP 200mg/kg能显著增加心肌营养性血流，但对小鼠心肌耐缺氧时间无明显影响。小鼠ivPQP的LD₅₀为238.5±26.5mg/kh。     

小叶榕水提物和醇提物止咳平喘作用的比较研究

目的:对小叶榕水提物和醇提物止咳平喘作用进行比较研究。方法:以小白鼠制作动物咳嗽模型,采用浓氨水喷雾致咳法,以咳必清为阳性对照药,观察小叶榕水提物、醇提物的止咳作用;以豚鼠制作动物哮喘模型,采用磷酸组胺喷雾致喘法,以氨茶碱为阳性对照药,观察小叶榕水提物、醇提物的平喘作用。结果:与正常对照组比较,小叶榕醇提物0.09g/kg、0.18g/kg、0.36g/kg组均能明显延长咳嗽潜伏期、减少咳嗽次数(P<0.05或P<0.01);小叶榕水提物0.18g/kg、0.36g/kg组亦能明显延长咳嗽潜伏期、减少咳嗽次数(P<0.01),与小榕叶水提物同剂量组相比,醇提物高剂量在延长咳嗽潜伏期、中剂量组在减少咳嗽次数方面作用优于水提物(P<0.05或P<0.01)。小叶榕醇提物0.09g/kg、0.18g/kg、0.36g/kg组明显延长豚鼠哮喘的潜伏期(P<0.05),小叶榕水提物0.09g/kg、0.18g/kg、0.36g/kg亦能明显延长豚鼠哮喘的潜伏期(P<0.05),醇提物延长豚鼠哮喘的潜伏期数值要高于水提物,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:小叶榕水提物、醇提物均有明显的止咳、平喘作用,且醇提物的作用稍强于水提物。     

土甘草抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:对土甘草水提取物和醇提取物的抗炎、镇痛作用厦急性毒性进行研究.方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、醋酸扭体法观察土甘草的抗炎、镇痛作用;以土甘草水提物1.57g/ml,醇提物2.40g/ml,最大剂量40ml/kg分别对小鼠灌胃给药,观察其急性毒性.结果:土甘草对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05);对0.7%醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05).土甘苹水提物对小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量为62.8g生药/kg;醇提物对小鼠灌胃给药的最大耐受量为96.0g生药/.结论:土甘草具有一定的抗炎、镇痛作用;土甘草水提物及醇提取物未出现其它毒性反应.     

南葶苈子提取物对哮喘大鼠肺组织中CyclinD1、PI3K表达的影响

目的 探讨南葶苈子提取物对哮喘大鼠肺组织中CyclinD1、PI3K表达的影响。方法 将100只SD大鼠分随机分为空白组、模型组、地塞米松组、南葶苈子醇提物组、南葶苈子水提物组,每组20只。除空白组外,其余各组均以卵蛋白致敏结合寒冷刺激构建哮喘模型,造模第21天灌胃给药,地塞米松组灌胃给予0.4 mg/kg地塞米松片(研碎后溶于生理盐水),南葶苈子水提物、醇提物组灌胃给予南葶苈子水提物、醇提物10 g/kg,空白组和模型组灌胃给予等体积生理盐水,每天1次,连续8周。末次给药后,采用免疫组化法检测肺组织中CyclinD1蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测各组大鼠肺组织中PI3K mRNA表达。结果 给药前,各造模组大鼠肺组织中CyclinD1蛋白、PI3K mRNA表达均高于空白组(P<0.05);给药后,各给药组大鼠肺组织中CyclinD1蛋白、PI3K mRNA表达均低于给药前(P<0.05),且低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论 南葶苈子提取物抗哮喘作用可能是通过调节肺组织中CyclinD1蛋白、PI3K mRNA表达起效。     

The neuroprotective effect of picroside II from hu-huang-lian against oxidative stress

Picroside II is an active constituent extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hu-huang-lian. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of picroside II, PC12 cells were treated with glutamate in vitro and male ICR mice were treated with AlCl(3) in vivo. Pre-treatment of PC12 cells with picroside II could enhance the cell viability and decrease the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glutamate. By DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry assay, picroside II (1.2 mg/ml) significantly prevented glutamate-induced cell apoptosis. In the animal study, amnesia was induced in mice by AlCl(3) (100 mg/kg/d, i.v.). Pricroside II, at the dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d (i.g.), markedly ameliorated AlCl(3)-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and attenuated AlCl(3)-induced histological changes. This was associated with the significant increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain of experimental mice. All these results indicated that picroside II possessed the therapeutic potential in protecting against neurological injuries damaged by oxidative stress.     

心脉康胶囊对犬心肌缺血和心肌梗塞的保护作用

目的:观察心脉康胶囊对心肌缺血和心肌梗塞犬的影响。方法:结扎麻醉犬冠状动脉以造成急性心肌缺血和心肌梗塞模型,经十二指肠给予不同剂量的心脉康胶囊(分别为0.4g/kg、0.8g/kg和1.6g/kg),观察给药前后各时间段心肌缺血范围及程度、心肌梗塞范围、冠脉血流量、心肌耗氧量及血清肌酸激酶(CK)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的影响。结果:心脉康胶囊能不同程度地缩小心肌缺血和心肌梗塞范围,减轻心肌缺血程度,增加冠脉血流量,降低心肌耗氧量(P<0.05)。各组血清CK和LDH水平均有显著升高,且随着结扎时间的延长进一步增加,而心脉康均有抑制CK和LDH活性的作用(P<0.05)。结论:心脉康胶囊具有明显改善犬急性心肌缺血和心肌梗塞的作用。     

参芪养心颗粒对冠脉结扎致犬急性心肌缺血影响的实验研究

[目的]研究参芪养心颗粒对冠脉结扎致犬急性心肌缺血的影响。[方法]冠脉结扎致犬急性心肌缺血,观察参芪养心颗粒对犬心肌缺血区心外膜电图(N-ST)、冠脉血管阻力(CVR)、心肌血流量(MBF)、心肌耗氧量(MOC)、左心室心肌细胞苏木精-伊红(HE)染色病理变化以及心肌梗死区质量的影响。[结果]与模型对照组比较参芪养心颗粒中剂量组(5.46 g生药/kg)和参芪养心颗粒高剂量组(10.92 g生药/kg)可显著降低犬心肌缺血区N-ST。与模型对照组比较参芪养心颗粒中剂量组(5.46 g生药/kg)和参芪养心颗粒高剂量组(10.92 g生药/kg)可显著降低冠脉血管阻力。与模型对照组比较参芪养心颗粒中剂量组(5.46 g生药/kg)和参芪养心颗粒高剂量组(10.92 g生药/kg)可显著增加犬急性心肌缺血模型的心肌血流量。与模型对照组比较参芪养心颗粒高剂量组(10.92 g生药/kg)可显著降低心肌耗氧量。与模型对照组比较参芪养心颗粒中剂量组(5.46g生药/kg)和参芪养心颗粒高剂量组(10.92 g生药/kg)可显著降低心肌梗死区质量。[结论]参芪养心颗粒对冠脉结扎致犬急性心肌缺血模型具有保护作用。     

Pharmacological study on the compatibility of cortex Cinnamomi with Halloysitum Rubrum]

The decoction of Cortex Cinnamomi (CC, 1 g/kg p.o.) and Halloysitum Rubrum (HR, 3 g/kg p.o.) or the combination of the two drugs (4 g/kg p.o., CC 1 g/kg, HR 3 g/kg) could antagonize the diarrhea caused by p.o. water ex tract of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in mice; and inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. Meanwhile, the effect of the combination of the two drugs was not different from that of each single one. In addition, CC was able to inhibit the spontaneous movement of intestine in situ and showed an analgesic effect (hot-plate method) in mice; HR was ineffective in these aspects and did not reduce the effect of CC. CC(20 g/kg p.o., i.p. or i.v.) exhibited very strong toxicity in mice, while HR(60 g/kg p.o., i.p. or i.v.) was nontoxic. When the two drugs were used together, the toxicity was markedly reduced.     

Aconitine-induced bradycardia,centrally acting muscarinic effects are inhibited peripherally by higenamine in conscious mice

The effects of aconitine, higenamine and coryneine derived from processed aconite, a Sino-Japanese medicine on pulse rate were examined in unanaesthetized mice. The intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the water extract (3 mg/kg) of processed aconite produced a bradycardia, like bigeminy, within 15 min which was prolonged for 30 min. Aconitine (30 μg/kg, i.p.) produced a similar bradycardia. Higenamine induced tachycardia at doses of 30 and 100 μg/kg, i.p. The aconitine-induced bradycardia was antagonized completely by higenamine (10 μg/kg, i.p.), isoproterenol (1 μg/kg. s.c.), or scopolamine (10 μg/kg. s.c.). The anti-aconitine effect of higenamine was prevented by propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Centrally administered aconitine (1 and 3μg) also induced bradycardia. The aconitine (i.c.v.)-induced bradycardia was prevented by centrally administered atropine (1 μg, i.c.v.). These results demonstrated that aconitine (i.p.)-induced bradycardia is mainly due to a central muscarinic action. As higenamine has a peripheral β₁-adrenergic action, like isoproterenol, the inhibition by higenamine of aconitine-induced bradycardia is due to physiological antagonism.     

HPLC法测定甘草酸单钾盐的血药浓度及药代动力学研究

目的建立一种有效,快速的HPLC法测定血液中微量的甘草酸,并对其药动学进行初步研究.方法从甘草中提取,纯化甘草酸单钾盐,给小鼠静脉注射和灌胃,定时取出血样,使用HPLCX测定其血药浓度,数据使用3P87程序处理,绘制药时曲线.结果小鼠(500MG/KG)2.2%甘草酸单钾盐,药进曲线符合双室模型,A相T1/2=15.97min,B相t1/2=200.05MIN,AUC=2453.96(PG/ML).min.c1(s)=3.642(PG/ML).min.甘草酸单钾盐40mg/kg药进曲线任合双室模型,A相T1/2=15.97min,B相t1/2=200.05MIN,AUC=2453.96(PG/ML).min.c1(s)=3.642(PG/ML).min..结论.HPLC法是一种方便,可靠,快速的检测甘草酸单钾盐血药浓度的方法.     

四逆散对利多卡因毒性的影响

静脉注射四逆散2.5g/kg能救治利多卡因中毒,降低小鼠的死亡率,明显推迟其死亡发生的时间;腹腔注射四逆散5g/kg能显著预防利多卡因的毒性,并增加大鼠对利多卡因的耐受量。预防利多卡因毒性的半数有效量为6.1±0.69g/kg,随着四逆散的剂量增加其预防作用增强,呈显著的量效关系。     

Protective effect of Hachimi-jio-gan, an oriental herbal medicinal mixture, against cerebral anoxia

The protective effect of Hachimi-jio-gan (HJ) against cerebral anoxia was investigated with various experimental models in mice. Minimal effective dose of HJ which significantly prolonged the survival time was 0.5 g/kg, p.o. for normobaric hypoxia and 0.5 g/kg, p.o. for KCN- (4 mg/kg, i.v.) induced anoxia. HJ reduced the duration of coma induced by a sublethal dose of KCN (1.8 mg/kg, i.v.) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore HJ potentiated the anti-anoxic effect of physostigmine and the effect of HJ was diminished by the treatment with atropine.     

Assessment of the antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of ethanolic extracts of some Colombian medicinal plants

The antihypertensive and vasodilator effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from Calea glomerata Klatt, Croton schiedeanus Schlecht, Curatella americana L., Lippia alba (Mill)n N.E.Br. and Lupinus amandus, which are medicinal plants used in Colombian folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, were assayed both in SHR and Wistar rats and in rat isolated aortic rings. At a dose of 20 mg/kg, intravenous bolus administration of the ethanolic extracts, from C. schiedeanus, C. americana and L. amandus showed significant antihypertensive activity in SHR, C. schiedeanus being the most active. C. schiedeanus elicited dose-dependent decreases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate (5-100 mg/kg, i.v.) in SHR but 200 mg/kg administered orally did not show any significant effects, even after 3 h of observation. In intact rat aortic rings, ethanolic extracts from C. schiedeanus and Calea glomerata relaxed the contractions induced by KCl (80 mM) and phenylephrine (10(-6) M) in a concentration-dependent manner (10(-6)-3x10(-4) g/ml), with IC(50) of 6.5x10(-5) (7.3-5.8) g/ml and 7.1x10(-5) (7.9-6.4) g/ml, respectively. Bioguided phytochemical fractionation of the ethanolic extract from C. schiedeanus was started. More than one active principle seems to be present, flavonoids and terpenoids compounds were detected.     

Isolation of hypotensive compounds from Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam

The crude hydroalcoholic root extract (CRE) of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. has formerly been shown to have hypotensive activity both in normo-and hypertensive rats. Hypotensive activity-guided fractionation of the CRE was performed in anaesthetized normotensive rats, which led to the isolation of the active principles. The intravenous (i.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) values of the CRE in mice were found to be, respectively, 343 and 451 mg/kg, and no lethal effect was caused by doses up to 5.0 g/kg when administered by oral route. Depression of locomotion, increase of breathing rate and piloerection was observed in a general behavior test with doses up to 200 mg/kg i.p., and 1000 mg/kg p.o., respectively. Increase in the gastrointestinal transit was found using 0.1 g/kg, whereas at doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg, no significant activity was observed in comparison with the control mice. Hexanic and butanolic fractions induced a remarkable hypotension in anaesthetized normotensive rats in doses of 1, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg i.v. Two compounds isolated from the butanolic fraction induced a significant decrease of the blood pressure, HR, amplitude of the ECG and breathing rate when injected in a dose of 1 mg/kg i.v; and both systofic and diastolic, blood pressures were affected in a proportional mode. The hypotensive effect of the two compounds were not influenced by pretreatment with atropine and propranolol; and the pressor response to noradrenaline was not affected by any of them which suggests that neither a direct muscarinic activity, β-adrenoceptor activation nor decrease of sympathetic vascular tone (sympatholitic activity) are probably involved in the mechanism of hypotension. The present study shows that the CRE of S. sisymbriifolium contains at least two hypotensive compounds whose characterization is under way.