γ-干扰素可增加鼠骨髓巨噬细胞细胞毒素的释放

各种腹腔效应细胞,诸如T 淋巴细胞、NK 细胞、淋巴因子激活细胞、巨噬细胞(M(?))和多形核白细胞对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用已有报导,但这些细胞哪一期有细胞毒作用以及作为腹腔细胞前体的新鲜骨髓细胞是否对肿瘤细胞也有毒性作用还不清楚。本文作者对鼠骨髓M(?)细胞细胞毒素及γ-干扰素对其影响进行了研究。     

JM细胞培养上清对人B淋巴细胞和小鼠脾细胞增殖的免疫调节作用

JM 是来自人胸腺不成熟 T 细胞的急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞系.本文以 SAC 刺激的人外周血纯化 B 淋巴细胞和小鼠脾细胞增殖为模型,观察了 JM 细胞培养上清(SPN_(JM))对人 B 淋巴细胞和小鼠脾细胞增殖的免疫调节作用.发现具有 T 细胞抑制活性的 SPN_(JM)对人和小鼠 B 淋巴细胞的增殖具有促进作用。在无 SAC 诱导时,SPN_(JM)与 HrIL—2协同对 B 细胞仍有促增殖作用.本实验还发现,高浓度时对 T 细胞具有抑制作用的 SPN_(JM),在低浓度时(1:640)对 T 细胞增殖亦具有促进作用.     

高分子化合物对瑰玫花形成的作用

在E玫瑰花试验中,常采用小牛血清来增强与稳定T细胞和绵羊红细胞的结合,但其成份复杂,作用机理不明。不同来源的小牛血清有时可影响E玫瑰花的形成率,故寻求一种单纯的化合物作为稳定剂,实属必要。本文报导聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和聚蔗糖两种高分子化合物对E玫瑰花形成的促进作用。实验结果表明:1.PVP和聚蔗糖均有增强绵羊红细胞与T结合的作用,E玫瑰花形成率的高低与PVP或聚蔗糖的浓度有关。在20%浓度范围,E玫瑰花的形成率有随着高分子化合物的浓度增加而升高的倾向,其中5%PVP和10%聚蔗糖的E玫瑰花     

001 调节性T细胞与免疫耐受

近年来关于调节性T细胞在移植模型中介导免疫耐受的作用有相当大的进展.免疫调节的机制特别在感染性耐受途径中是通过调节性T细胞,包括Th2细胞因子(IL,-4、IL-10和TGF-β)均起着直接或间接的促进作用.胸腺是促进调节性T细胞产生的微环境.自身免疫性疾病模型中,调节性细胞有不同的胸腺来源的T细胞亚群.CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞都可调节免疫反应,诱导移植免疫耐受.     

前列腺素E_2对自然杀伤细胞活性的调节——T细胞的作用

自然杀伤(NK)细胞已被证实在肿瘤的发生中具有免疫监视作用.在啮齿动物和人中,虽然已知多种物质如干扰素、白细胞介素2、各种激素或前列腺素(PG)等均可调控NK活性,但对于介导这些物质对NK细胞发生效应的细胞间相互作用所知甚少.关于单核细胞和多形核细胞对NK活性的抑制作用已有报导,但T细胞的作用尚不清楚.     

在T细胞发育过程中B细胞可作为抗原呈递细胞

现在普遍认为能起呈递抗原作用的细胞有巨噬细胞和树突状细胞。本文作者报导,B细胞亦可作为抗原呈递细胞。此结论是通过一个动物模型研究所得。将小鼠IgM抗体注入家兔血中,产生抗IgM抗体。用这种抗体处理出生24小时以内的小鼠。获得的模型广泛用于B细胞研究。此模型小鼠B细胞完全消失,血清Ig显著降低;但T细胞的免疫反应包括混合淋巴细胞对有丝分裂原PHA、ConA的反应,迟发型变态反应、皮肤移植、肿瘤移植排斥反应等正常。但亦干扰了T细胞某些活性,如同型特异性辅助T细胞,独特型特异辅助T细胞及抑制性T细     

刺五加注射液对脑缺血再灌注模型脑组织bcl-2及p53表达的影响

既往实验研究表明，刺五加注射液对脑缺血再灌注造成的损伤有保护作用，但在细胞凋亡方面的研究尚未见报道。今以免疫组化法检测bcl-2及p53在脑缺血大鼠脑组织中的动态变化表达。进一步研究刺五加注射液对脑缺血再灌注的保护作用。     

Terasaki反应板检测IgG-FcR~ T细胞法

近年来曾有报告IgG-FcR~ T细胞亚群在各种疾病中有一定变化,因此,检测IgGFcR~ T细胞具有一定的意义 IgG·FcR~ T细胞的检测法已有很多报导,但均有一定的缺点,因此作者将橘氏等T细胞、B细胞微量检测法加以改良。探讨用Terasaki反应板检测IgG-FcRT细胞。材料及方法     

Wu69-小鼠抗人白细胞介素2受体的单抗

本文报导应用杂交瘤技术制备的鼠抗人白细胞介素2受体(IL—2R)的单抗—Wu69.免疫沉淀表明它能识别分子量为56Kd的PHA活化的T细胞膜表面的蛋白分子。该抗体只对部分B细胞及非淋巴样生血细胞系呈阳性反应,而白血病T细胞系均为阴性,但对活化的T细胞及人T细胞克隆有高度的结合力。它可抑制T细胞的同种异体刺激所引起的增殖反应,并与IL—2有竞争作用。进一步应用FACS及顺序免疫沉淀试验证明它与抗Tac完全相同。 本文还对抗IL-2R的重要性及抗IL—2R作为免疫抑制剂的可喜前景进行了讨论。     

特应性皮炎发病前抑制T细胞的数量和功能缺陷

易感性的遗传是变态反应疾病的一个重要决定因素,但特应性的主要细胞机理尚不明了。浆细胞产生IgE受T细胞功能的调节;抑制性T细胞的功能减低,可使IgE反应增强。有关证据多数是通过在近交小鼠中所作的实验而获得。T细胞及T细胞亚群数量和功能的改变,在特应性皮炎患儿中已有报导,但这些改变在特应性皮炎的致病中起何作用还不得而知。作者对60名新生儿进行了研究。试验分为两组:第一组30名,均有变应性疾病家族     

Blood lymphocytes from ankylosing spondylitis patients fail to induce disease-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes

The intriguing observation made by Geczy et al. (1) showing the possibility of generating specific ankylosing spondylitis--cytotoxic T lymphocytes by presenting HLA-B27+AS+ cells as antigen-specific stimulator cells prompted us (by using Geczy's approach) to identify cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for this apparent B27+AS+ target structure. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 21 healthy B27+ individuals were stimulated in primary and in short-term cultures with PBMC of an HLA-identical sibling suffering from definite AS (n = 12). In addition, PBMC in vitro modified by "Geczy bacterial products" from two healthy B27+ individuals were used to stimulate B27+ AS- lymphocytes (either autologous or from a healthy HLA-identical sibling). Effector cells raised in primary AS- versus AS+ and AS- versus "modified B27" mixed lymphocyte culture combinations showed no proliferative nor cytotoxic activity at all. The scarcely observed cytotoxic reactivity of restimulated mixed lymphocyte culture was not restricted to AS+B27+ cells. These results demonstrate that PBMC from ankylosing spondylitis patients fail to induce disease-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and suggest that an ankylosing spondylitis--related "modified B27" structure does not exist, at least in the patient material tested.     

Colostral antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity contributes to innate and antigen-specific immunity in piglets

Immunoglobulins and immune cells are critical components of colostral immunity; however, their transfer to and function in the neonate, especially maternal lymphocytes, is unclear. Cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity in sow blood and colostrum and piglet blood before (PS) and after (AS) suckling were assessed to investigate transfer and function of maternal immunity in the piglet. CD4, CD8, and γδ lymphocytes were found in sow blood and colostrum and piglet blood PS and AS; each had a unique T lymphocyte profile. Immunoglobulins were detected in sow blood, colostrum, and in piglet blood AS; the immunoglobulin profile of piglet serum AS mimicked that of sow serum. These results suggest selectivity in lymphocyte concentration into colostrum and subsequent lymphocyte transfer into the neonate, but that immunoglobulin transfer is unimpeded. Assessment of colostral natural killer activity and antigen-specific proliferation revealed that colostral cells are capable of influencing the innate and specific immune response of neonatal pigs.     

Possible interaction between the inferior colliculus and the substantia nigra in audiogenic seizures in Wistar rats.

Male Wistar rats were tested for sensitivity to audiogenic seizures (AS; 110 dB), using an audiogenic severity index (SI). Sensitive (S) animals were subjected to bilateral lesion of the inferior colliculus (IC) and/or the lateral lemniscus (LL). Resistant (R) animals were subjected to bilateral lesions of the IC, unilateral sequential lesions of the substantia nigra reticulata (SN) and/or IC (contralateral to one another), and unilateral thalamic and sham lesions. Bilateral lesions of the IC and LL abolish AS in S rats. Lesion of the SN resulted in more pronounced sensitivity to AS than unilateral lesion of IC, in R rats. When the SN lesion was contralateral to a previous IC lesion, the effect was not only an increase in the SI, but also a reversal of the asymmetry generated by IC lesion. Although the behavioral effects resulting from IC lesions are due to alterations in the primary structures involved in the origin of AS, unilateral SN lesions can alter critical substrates of sensorimotor integration involved in the control and expression of AS.     

Stimulation of Normal Lymphocytes with Autologous Lymphoid Cell Lines: Properties of Derived Killer Cells

Lymphocytes from normal adults, with or without serological signs of previous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, could be stimulated to proliferate and produce killer cells by incubation with autologous EBV-genome-positive lymphoid cell lines (LCLs). The stimulated cells were most probably of T-cell origin, although at the peak of stimulation many of them lacked the sheep erythrocyte marker. Direct effector-target cell contact was necessary for lysis to occur The cytotoxicity of autologously stimulated (AS) lymphocytes was not restricted to EBV-genome-positive LCLs, nor to cell lines of hematopoietic origin It was equally broad if cells carrying complement receptor had been removed before stimulation Fresh lymphocytes, blasts induced by phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. and Burkitt's lymphoma biopsy cells were resistant or considerably less sensitive Mouse cells-even cell lines-were resistant The sensitivity of target cells to lysis correlated positively with their capacity to block AS lymphocyte lysis of autologous LCLs in competition experiments The cytotoxicity of AS lymphocytes was blocked by EBV-genome-positive and-negative cell lines, whereas the EBV-related cytotoxicity of T cells from acute cases of infectious mononucleosis was blocked by EBV-genome-positive LCL only.     

Inhibition of human lymphocyte blastogenesis by C3: the role of serum in the tissue culture medium.

Preparations of the third component of human complement (C3) inhibit human lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens and antigens when cultured in serum-free medium or in medium supplemented with 5% autologous serum (AS). In contrast, when the culture medium was supplemented with 5% foetal calf serum (FCS), C3 failed to inhibit responses to mitogen (concanavalin A) or to antigen (streptolysin O); some FCS lots allowed stimulation rather than inhibition of the lymphocyte responses. Moreover, when lymphocytes were cultured in serum containing equal amounts of FCS and AS, no inhibition was seen. Our findings may explain previous studies which suggest that C3 enhances or has no effect on lymphocyte responses.     

Genetic Control of the In Vitro Responses of Rat Blood Lymphocytes

Blood lymphocytes from the inbred rat strains AS and BN differ in the magnitude both of their in vitro proliferative response to different mitogens and of their in vivo antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We have examined the segregation of in vitro responsiveness to PHA in (AS × BN)F₁× BN backcross rats and have tried to correlate it with other characters that vary in backcross rats. In vitro responsiveness regulated by one or a few loci, is linked to the in vitro responsiveness to B lymphocyte mitogens and the in vivo antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of PHA, but is not linked to the major histocompatibility locus (Ag-B) nor to the frequency of short-lived, small Ig-negative lymphocytes in blood. Lymphocytes from high-responder rats have a shorter lag period before the onset of DNA synthesis in vitro than low-responder rats, and possibly also a higher number of in vitro responding cells. To explain our findings, that the same gene og genes regulate in vitro responsiveness to different mitogens and in vivo antibody response to the mitogenic fraction of PHA, we suggest that the gene or genes act in an immunologically unspecific manner on regulation of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro as well as in vivo.     

强直性脊柱炎患者外周血CD4+调节性T细胞的变化及意义

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)患者外周血中CD4+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)的表达、功能及意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测78例AS患者和50例健康志愿者外周血中CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- Treg、细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocytes,CTL)和NK细胞,采用ELISA法检测血清中β型转化生长因子(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的表达水平.从患者外周血单个核细胞中磁珠分选出CD4+CD25+ Treg细胞,混合淋巴细胞培养(mixed lymphocyte culture, MLC)分析其免疫抑制功能.结果 AS活动期患者外周血中CD4+CD25+CD127lo/-Treg占CD4+ T淋巴细胞的百分比为(4.36±1.21)%,MLC中CD4+CD25+ Treg抑制同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖功能低下,与其Treg分泌TGF-β减少相关,CD4+ Treg含量及功能均低于健康志愿者(P<0.05).AS患者外周血中CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- Treg水平与TGF-β呈正相关,与TNF-α呈负相关.结论 AS患者外周血中Treg表达水平低,且存在功能缺陷,导致体内诱导免疫耐受机能不足,可能参与AS免疫发病.     

Influence of anti-inflammatory drugs on the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages

The helper function of macrophages in lymphocyte stimulation is well known, but there are indications that macrophages may also exert a suppressor effect on lymphocytes. This effect might be due to prostaglandins secreted by the macrophages. In order to test this hypothesis anti-inflammatory drugs, some of which are known inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, were added to a series of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte cultures containing different proportions of macrophages and lymphocytes. The experiments showed that high concentrations of all drugs were inhibitory. Moderate concentrations of some of the PG-synthesis-inhibiting drugs (like indomethacin and mefenamic acid), however, appeared to have a stimulatory effect. The stimulation was more pronounced in cultures containing a high proportion of macrophages. These results support the assumption that macrophages release prostaglandins, which suppress PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation.     

The Definition of a Lymphocyte-Specific Alloantigen System in the Rat (Ly-1)

AS and Lewis strain rats (both Ag-B¹) were immunised with each others' thymus cells in an attempt to produce antisera analogous to the anti-theta sera of the mouse. An AS anti Lewis thymus serum gave strong and equal reactions against thymus lymphocytes of Lewis, DA and AS2 strains, but was only weakly reactive with peripheral blood lymphocytes of those strains. The Lewis anti-AS thymus serum was non-reactive against both thymus and blood lymphocytes of all strains. The AS anti Lewis thymus serum appeared to be monospecific as determined by absorption studies and Fl hybrid to parental backross studies. The alloantigen system defined by this serum had the following characteristics: (1) the antigen was present on both thymus and lymph node lymphocytes, but not on brain, red cells, kidney, liver or heart, (2) the antigen segregates independently of Ag-B, (3) the antigen was present in equal quantities on thymus and lymph node lymphocytes, (4) the antigen could not be modulated, (5) the antibody could not be produced in response to skin grafting. This alloantigen system defined by the AS anti Lewis thymus serum had all the characteristics of the mouse Ly alloantigens. It has been designated Ly-1.     

Effect of antimalarial drugs on stimulation and interleukin 2 production of human lymphocytes

Effect of pyrimethamine, an antimalarial antifolate, and of mefloquine, chloroquine, and quinine, which belong to the quinoline group of antimalarials, on proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production of human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. Pyrimethamine at concentrations above therapeutic levels suppressed the lymphocytes' proliferation, but not their IL-2 production. All three quinolines suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes, but not equally, with mefloquine having the strongest effect. Quinine suppressed the growth at therapeutic concentrations. The IL-2 production was suppressed at concentrations twice as high as those required to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Addition of exogenous IL-2 only partially reversed the suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation. Delayed addition of the quinolines decreased their suppressive effect, but not completely. The mechanisms of action on human mononuclear cells of the various antimalarial drugs and the potential adverse effects of antimalarial chemotherapy are discussed.