采用OB胶粘贴法建立人胃癌裸鼠原位种植转移模型

背景与目的建立理想的动物肿瘤移植模型是进行肿瘤防治研究的重要前提,目前公认的胃癌造模的方法为采用完整组织块的“皮下移植法”、“胃囊法”,但传统的造模方法目前尚存在操作复杂、成活率低等缺点,本研究拟采用“OB胶粘贴法”更简便地建立人胃癌裸鼠原位移植模型。方法以反复接种传代于裸鼠皮下的SGC鄄7901人胃癌细胞株建立的移植瘤组织块为材料,将其用生物吻合“OB胶”原位粘贴于裸鼠胃壁,并与传统“胃囊法”、“皮下移植法”比较观察移植肿瘤的生长情况、移植成功率和自发转移的发生率。结果“OB胶粘贴法”组原位移植成功率为100%,局部淋巴结转移率为100%,肺转移发生率为62.5%,肝转移发生率为87.5%,腹膜转移发生率为87.5%,较之胃囊法(分别为100%、100%、50.0%、50.0%和33.3%),除腹膜转移率升高外,远处脏器转移差异无显著性,但成活率高。皮下移植组未发生局部浸润及远处转移。结论“OB胶粘贴法"能更简便地建立人胃癌高转移模型,重现临床转移过程。     

人类胃癌裸鼠原位移植模型的建立

 目的：探讨建立人胃癌裸鼠原位移植转移模型简便易行的方法，比较三种方法的成瘤率。方法：用人胃癌细胞SGC7901悬液接种于裸鼠皮下，形成稳定传代的皮下移植瘤，连续传八代。15只裸鼠随机分为三组，以第八代裸鼠皮下移植瘤组织为移植材料，分别用困扎法、医用OB胶法以及两种联合的方法把皮下肿瘤组织移植裸鼠胃浆膜下形成原位移植肿瘤。结果：6～7周后，处死全部裸鼠，捆扎组、医用OB胶组和联合组成瘤率分别为4／5、3／5和5／5，捆扎联合医用OB组成瘤率最高。结论：应用缝线困扎联合OB胶建立人胃癌裸鼠原位移植模型是一种简便易行的方法，值得推广和应用。     

裸鼠人胃腺癌SGC-7901原位移植模型的构建及其生物学特性

目的：建立裸鼠人胃癌原位移植模型。方法：以反复接种传代于裸鼠皮下的SGC-7901人胃癌细胞株建立的移植瘤组织块为材料，将其原位移植于裸鼠胃壁，观察移植肿瘤的生长情况、移植成功率和自发转移的发生率。结果：原位移植成功率及局部浸润率为8／8，局部淋巴结转移率为8／8，肺转移发生率为5／8，肝转移发生率为7／8，腹膜转移发生率为7／8。结论：裸鼠人胃癌原位移植模型的生物学行为与人胃癌自然生长和转移过程相似，可作为肿瘤转移机制及其抗转移治疗实验研究的理想模型。     

裸鼠人胃腺癌SGC-7901原位移植模型的构建及其生物学特性

目的 :建立裸鼠人胃癌原位移植模型。方法 :以反复接种传代于裸鼠皮下的SGC 790 1人胃癌细胞株建立的移植瘤组织块为材料 ,将其原位移植于裸鼠胃壁 ,观察移植肿瘤的生长情况、移植成功率和自发转移的发生率。结果 :原位移植成功率及局部浸润率为 8 8,局部淋巴结转移率为 8 8,肺转移发生率为 5 8,肝转移发生率为 7 8,腹膜转移发生率为 7 8。结论 :裸鼠人胃癌原位移植模型的生物学行为与人胃癌自然生长和转移过程相似 ,可作为肿瘤转移机制及其抗转移治疗实验研究的理想模型     

人胃癌组织块裸鼠原位移植/转移模型的建立

 目的　用肿瘤组织块原位移植 ,建立人胃癌裸小鼠原位移植 /转移模型。方法　以人胃低分化腺癌细胞系接种于裸小鼠皮下 ,形成稳定传代的皮下移植瘤 ,再取该肿瘤组织块原位移植于裸鼠胃壁 ,观察移植肿瘤的生长状况、移植成功率和自发转移的发生率。结果　原位移植成功率 (成瘤率 )为 1 0 0 %、局部淋巴结转移率 1 0 0 %、远处淋巴结转移率 90 %、肝转移发生率为 75%。荷瘤鼠的中位生存期为 1 4周 ,晚期出现消瘦和全身衰竭。结论　该裸小鼠原位移植 /转移模型的生物学行为与人胃癌自然生长和转移过程相似 ,可作为一种有价值的工具用于胃癌转移机理和抗转移实验治疗的研究。     

人类胃癌裸鼠淋巴结转移模型的建立

 目的　研究胃癌淋巴结转移动物模型的建立方法。方法　人类胃癌低分化细胞系SGC-7901体外培养、传代并扩增后，收集细胞行皮下种植成瘤，鼠间传代至第6代，以皮下肿瘤组织块原位种植于裸鼠胃壁建立动物模型。种植后第9周处死裸鼠，观察原位种植瘤生长、淋巴结转移及其他脏器转移情况，测定荷瘤裸鼠血清癌胚抗原（CEA）值。结果　原位移植瘤种植成功率100 ％，胃周淋巴结转移率93.3 ％，移植瘤可发生局部浸润及远处脏器转移，荷瘤裸鼠CEA值明显高于正常裸鼠（P＜0.01）。结论　应用SGC-7901细胞系可成功建立胃癌的淋巴结转移动物模型。     

人原发性小肠恶性黑色素瘤裸鼠原位移植高转移模型的建立

目的 建立人原发性小肠恶性黑色素瘤裸小鼠原位移植高转移模型.方法 将手术切除的人原发性小肠恶性黑色素瘤原发灶和肝转移灶新鲜瘤组织块分别植入裸鼠小肠黏膜层内,观察原位移植的成瘤率、移植瘤的侵袭性和转移率,并进行形态学、流式细胞分析和染色体核型分析.结果 人小肠恶性黑色素瘤原发灶和肝转移灶新鲜组织均移植成功,建成人原发性小肠(原发灶)恶性黑色素瘤裸鼠原位移植高转移模型(ttSIM-0602)和人原发性小肠(肝转移灶)恶性黑色素瘤裸鼠原位移植肝转移模型(HSIM-0603).HSIM4)602和HSIM-0603模型分别传至21代和23代,共移植裸鼠227只,其肿瘤移植生长率和液氮冻存复苏成活率均为100%.HSIM-0602模型肝转移率为65.7%,肺转移率为84.8%,淋巴结转移率为63.8%.HSIM-0603模型肝转移率为100%,肺转移率为46.7%,淋巴结转移率为71.3%.移植瘤组织病理学为小肠高度恶性黑色素瘤.免疫组织化学显示,S-100蛋白和HMB-45均为阳性表达.电镜下,瘤细胞浆内可见大量的黑色素小体,也可见黑色素复合体.HSIM-0602模型移植瘤细胞DNA指数为1.59±0.07,HSIM-0603模型移植瘤细胞DNA指数为1.71±0.12,均为异倍体.染色体核型分析显示,HSIM-0602模型移植瘤细胞染色体数为55～57条,HSIM-0603模型移植瘤细胞染色体数为57～59条.结论 HSIM-0602和HSIM-0603模型是成功的人原发性小肠恶性黑色素瘤裸鼠原位移植自发性高转移模型,完整地模拟了人原发性小肠恶性黑色素瘤患者的自然临床病理过程,为研究原发性小肠恶性黑色素瘤转移生物学和抗转移治疗提供了理想的动物模型.     

榄香烯对裸鼠胃癌原位移植瘤血管生成的抑制作用

 目的 观察榄香烯对裸鼠胃癌原位移植瘤生长和血管生成的抑制作用。 方法 采用裸小鼠胃癌原位移植模型,随机分为0.9%氯化钠溶液(NS)组、5-Fu组、榄香烯组和联合组 ,腹腔注射给药。比较各组移植瘤瘤重的差异;免疫组织化学法检测肿瘤微血管密度 (Microvessel Density,MVD) 和VEGF、p53蛋白表达,RT-PCR法检测VEGF mRNA表达。 结果 联合组裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的瘤重显著低于NS组(P＜0.05);榄香烯组、联合组瘤组织MVD、VEGF蛋 白、p53蛋白及VEGF mRNA表达亦明显低于NS组(P＜0.05);各组移植瘤的瘤重与瘤组织MVD呈正 相关(r=0.669,P＜0.01)。 结论 榄香烯能抑制裸鼠胃癌原位移植瘤生长和血管生成,其机制可能与抑制裸鼠胃癌组织VEGF和突 变型p53的表达有关。     

人类卵巢癌原位移植自发转移裸小鼠模型的构建

 目的　用人类卵巢癌组织块原位移植构建与人类卵巢癌最相似的裸鼠原位移植自发转移模型。方法　将人类卵巢癌高转移细胞系8910PM在裸鼠皮下注射成瘤,然后将瘤组织运用显微外科的方法植入裸鼠卵巢包膜内,原位移植成功后继续在鼠间卵巢包膜内传代,并运用透射电镜进一步验证肿瘤形成和转移效果。结果　裸鼠皮下与卵巢部位成瘤率均为100 %（分别为2／2和16／16）,原位移植瘤转移率为50 %。卵巢包膜间传代,第2代、第4代分别出现卵巢癌的肝转移,其他部位尚未见转移灶。最早成瘤时间1周,最早转移出现时间2周。在连续传代过程中移植瘤仍保持原癌组织病理形态特点及人类肿瘤染色体的特点。结论　成功构建了人类卵巢癌原位移植自发转移裸鼠模型,为卵巢癌的转移机制及治疗研究提供了一个理想的动物模型。     

裸小鼠人胃癌原位移植模型的浸润转移特征

目的：建立裸小鼠人胃癌原位移植模型并观察其浸润转移特征。方法：BALB／C-nu／nu裸小鼠12只，以SGC-7901人胃癌细胞株裸鼠皮下移植瘤为材料，通过手术将瘤组织块移植到裸小鼠胃壁，待动物自然灏临死亡时进行系统解剖。结果：原位移植瘤全都成功，且所有动物均出现局部浸润及淋巴结转移，肝脏转移率为66．7％，50“的荷瘤鼠发生腹水，肿瘤晚期与周围脏器发生粘连，荷瘤鼠死于全身衰竭，中位数生存期为18周。结论：裸小鼠人胃癌席位模型的浸润转移特性接近临床病人，是研究人胃癌浸润转移的理想手段。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.