小剂量抑肽酶在体外循环中的应用

目的：连续研究了128例先天性心脏病（CHD）和风湿性心脏病（RHD）手术中，用或不用小剂量抑肽酶（2×106KIU），在术后失血和补血方面的作用。方法：抑肽酶（2×106KIU）一次性加入机器预充液中。结果：抑肽酶组较对照组术后失血和血制品的使用明显减少（P＜0．01）。CHD和RHD术后18小时的出血量和输血量，较对照组分别减少43％、19％和35％、40％。抑肽酶组无术后剖胸止血者；RHD非用药组再剖胸止血6．7％。结论：提示小剂量抑肽酶能明显减少术后出血和用血，预防过多出血。     

抑肽酶对胸腰椎爆散骨折伴截瘫术中及术后失血的影响

目的：观察抑肽酶对胸腰椎爆散骨折伴截瘫术中及术后病人失血量、输血量、Hb浓度及Hct的影响。方法：选择因胸腰椎爆散骨折伴截瘫拟在全麻下行择期手术的成年病人40例，随机分为观察组（抑肽酶组）和对照组，各20例。观察组手术开始前静脉输入抑肽酶100万KIU（500ml乳酸林格液），手术结束前再输入20万KIU，对照组不使用抑肽酶。观察并记录术中、术后24小时的出血情况、Hb及Hct变化、需输血量。结果：观察组术中失血及输血量明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）。观察组术后12、24小时失血量及术后24小时输血量明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组术后4、8小时失血量无明显差异（P〉0．05）。两组术前、术毕及术后4小时Hb浓度及Hct无显著差异（P＞0．05）。观察组术后8、12及24小时Hb浓度及Hct明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：抑肽酶能有效减少胸腰椎术中、术后的失血量及输血需要量。     

小剂量抑肽酶在小儿体外循环手术中的作用

目的：评价小剂量抑肽酶在小儿体外循环（CPB）手术中的作用。方法：将86例先天性心脏病患儿分为抑肽酶用药组（40例）和对照组（46例），观察两组患儿术后24h纵隔心包引流量，并从两组中各抽取18例监测凝血和纤溶各项指标。结果：与对照组比较用药组CPB术后Plat、PT、FIB无显著影响，APTT缩短，PLG、AT－Ⅲ活性明显下降，α^2-AP活性明显提高。术后3h用药组APTT仍低于对照组，α^2-AP活性则高于对照组。术后24h用药组心包纵隔引流血量较对照组显著减少（P≤0.010。结论：在小儿体外循环手术中应用小剂量抑肽酶能减少术后出血。     

体外循环心脏手术中血液保护与血液麻醉的措施与机制

目的采用血液保护、血液麻醉措施，减少体外循环（ＣＰＢ）手术后出血。方法采用基本血液保护（术前预储备自体血，术中控制性降压麻醉，提前肝素化回收开胸出血，超滤回输ＣＰＢ引流血等）加以下一种血液麻醉方案：１．小剂量抑肽酶；２．大剂量抑肽酶；３．大剂量止血芳酸＋小剂量抑肽酶。结果术后２４ｈ纵隔及心包引流液：对照组（８９６±２８８）ｍｌ；小剂量抑肽酶组为（５２６±１３７）ｍｌ；大剂量抑肽酶组为（３８２±２１８）ｍｌ；大剂量止血芳酸＋小剂量抑肽酶组为（３３６±１６０）ｍｌ。血液保护及血液麻醉各组与对照组有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＣＰＢ心脏手术中，采用血液保护及血液麻醉能明显减少术后出血，减少围手术期输血。     

体外循环心脏手术中血液保护与血液麻醉的措施与机制

目的 采用血液保护、血液麻醉措施，减少体外循环（ＣＰＢ）手术后出血。方法 采用基本血液保护（术前预储备自体血，术中控制性降压麻醉，提前肝素化回收开胸出血，超滤回输ＣＰＢ引流血等）加以下一种血液麻醉方案：１．小剂量抑肽酶；２．大剂量抑肽酶；３．大剂量止血芳酸＋小剂量抑肽酶。结果 术后２４ｈ纵隔及心包引流液：对照组（８９６±２８８）ｍｌ；小剂量抑肽酶组为（５２６±１３７）ｍｌ；大剂量抑肽酶组为（３８２     

不同止血药对鼻内窥镜术患者出凝血功能的影响

目的：比较术前应用立止血、氨甲环酸、卡络磺钠对全麻控制性降压鼻内窥镜术术野、术中出血量和凝血功能的影响。方法：ASAⅠ～Ⅱ皇圾患者80例，随机分为对照组（C组）、立止血组（R组）、氨甲环酸组（TA组）和卡络磺钠组（CSS组）（n=20）。术前30分钟，C组予生理盐水200nl静滴，R组予等量盐水静滴，手术开始前静注立止血2KU，TA组予200ml氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液静滴，CSS组予卡络磺钠80mg，200ml盐水稀释后静滴，四组液体均于手术开始时滴完。于入室（tl，基础值）和给药结束后30分钟（t2）测凝血酶原时间（PT）、部分激活凝血活酶时间（APT）和纤维蛋白原（Fib），同时用血栓弹性描记仪测参数反应时间（R）、凝血时间（K）、α角（ANG）和最大振幅（MA）。记录手术时间、术中出血量，评价手术开始后5、15、30、45分钟术野质量。结果：术中出血量和术野质量评分：R组、CSS组分别与C组组间比较，差异均有统计学意义，R组、CSS组分别与TA组组间比较差异均有统计学意义。各组用药前后凝血功能差异无统计学意义。结论：立止血或卡络磺钠能够为鼻内窥镜术提供清晰的术野，减少术中出血且不干扰机体凝血功能。     

立止血用于扁桃体手术198例疗效观察

目的 扁桃体切除术是耳鼻喉科常见手术，因受年龄、地理环境、身体状况或技术熟练程度等诸多因素的影响，术后出血仍然是常见且难以处理的严重并发症。为了减少扁桃休手术术中和术后的出血，应用立止血以观察其效果。方法 本组随即分为立止血组：共行扁桃体手术198例。术前一天常规应用立止血(Reptilase)b．i．d，每次lKu，肌注，术前半小时，再肌注立止血lKu，术后下午再肌注立止血lKu。对照组：共行手术87例，术前不用立止血。结果 立止血组：198例中，发生术后明显出血者15例，占扁桃体手术的7．6％；对照组：87例中发生术后出血者9例，占10．3％。结论 手术前后应用立止血对弥漫性渗血效果较好，立止血组没发生继发性出血或很少弥漫性渗血。虽对小动脉搏动性出血疗效不佳，但由于其用量较小和没有术中及局部应用，尚应进一步观察。     

抑肽酶在慢性脓胸手术中的应用

目的 观察抑肽酶在脓胸手术中的止血作用，并探讨其机制。方法 13例慢性脓胸病例，随机分为实验组（7例）和对照组（6例）。实验组为抑肽酶组，术前30min静脉滴注抑肽酶278U，术后第1天和第2天持续滴注556U，对照组滴注等量5％葡萄糖溶液。记录两组病例术前和术后第1，2天血小板和血红蛋白值；记录术后第1、2天出血量。结果 术后抑肽酶组第1、2天出血量显著低于对照组；术后抑肽酶组第1、2天血小板和血红蛋白值显著高于对照组。结论 术前静脉滴注抑肽酶和术后第1、2天持续静脉滴注抑肽酶可明显减少慢性脓胸手术的出血量。其机制可能是通过调节凝血-纤溶系统从而减少了脓胸术后的渗血。     

立止血在高血压脑出血围手术期应用预防再出血疗效观察

目的：探讨立止血在高血压脑出血围手术期应用预防再出血的临床可行性及效果。方法：120例住院需手术治疗的高血压脑出血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各60例。治疗组入院后立即给予立止血1.0ku静脉推注,1.0ku肌肉注射。术前准备后在全麻插管下行开颅血肿清除术,手术过程中再静脉注射立止血2.0ku,术毕当日至第3天,每日静脉注射立止血两次,每次1.0ku。对照组：术前术后常规给予止血敏、止血芳酸治疗,连用3d,其他治疗方法与治疗组相同。观察两组间手术后再出血率,两组间手术止血时间以及不同手术止血时间与再出血率的关系。结果：手术止血时间超过3h者术后再出血率明显增高。治疗组与对照组相比手术时间明显缩短,术后再出血率下降,两组间差异显著。结论：立止血在高血压脑出血围手术期应用能明显缩短手术中止血时间,明显降低术后再出血发生率,提高了高血压脑出血手术治疗成功率。     

罗哌卡因切口内局部浸润用于阑尾术后镇痛

目的比较阑尾手术后切口局部浸润罗哌卡因与硬膜外给药对病人术后镇痛的临床效果。方法162例急性阑尾手术随机分为3组。Ⅰ组：对照组常规关腹；Ⅱ组于关腹后用0．375％罗哌卡因＋地塞米松5mg共6mL行切口内局部浸润麻醉；Ⅲ组：于关腹前硬膜外腔注入上述用药。三组病人均术前30min口服曲马多1片（100mg）；术后分别于4、8、16、24、32、40、48h由专人对病人进行镇痛镇静评分，记录辅助应用哌替啶的情况，注意生命体征变化及不良反应的发生。结果在各时间段内Ⅱ组镇痛镇静评分均低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组，组间对比有显著性差异。肌注哌替啶情况Ⅰ组52例，Ⅱ组2例，Ⅲ组50例，不良反应发生率组间除Ⅲ组低血压发生率高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有显著差异外，余无显著性差异。结论罗哌卡因局部切口内浸润联合术前口服曲马多用于手术后镇痛比椎管内给药效果好，维持时间长。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.