护理干预改善造血干细胞移植患者术前焦虑的研究

目的探索护理干预对缓解、减轻造血干细胞移植患者术前焦虑的有效方法。方法将准备行造血干细胞移植的住院患者随机分为干预组（n=25）和对照组（n=24）,对照组采用常规护理,干预组除采用常规护理外并给予层流室参观、观看录像、音乐疗法等干预措施。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）对两组患者焦虑状况进行测评。结果2组患者干预前均有不同程度的焦虑存在,SAS得分均值与常模总分均值比较,明显高于正常人常模（P〈0.01）,干预后2组患者SAS得分均值之间的比较有明显差别（P〈0.01）,干预组焦虑情绪术前1d明显低于对照组。结论行造血干细胞移植的患者均有不同程度的焦虑,采用有效的护理干预措施可明显改善患者的焦虑状态。     

护理干预改善造血干细胞移植患者术前焦虑的研究

目的探索护理干预对缓解、减轻造血干细胞移植患者术前焦虑的有效方法。方法将准备行造血干细胞移植的住院患者随机分为干预组（n=25）和对照组（n=24）,对照组采用常规护理,干预组除采用常规护理外并给予层流室参观、观看录像、音乐疗法等干预措施。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和汉密顿焦虑量表（HAMA）对两组患者焦虑状况进行测评。结果2组患者干预前均有不同程度的焦虑存在,SAS得分均值与常模总分均值比较,明显高于正常人常模（P〈0.01）,干预后2组患者SAS得分均值之间的比较有明显差别（P〈0.01）,干预组焦虑情绪术前1d明显低于对照组。结论行造血干细胞移植的患者均有不同程度的焦虑,采用有效的护理干预措施可明显改善患者的焦虑状态。     

心理干预对造血干细胞采集亲缘供者心理状态的影响

目的探讨心理干预对造血干细胞亲缘供者心理状态的影响。方法将64例造血干细胞亲缘供者随机分为干预组（n=32）和对照组（n=32）,对照组采用常规的术前健康教育,干预组在此基础上行心理干预。干预前后采用Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对两组供者的心理状态进行评分,同时记录两组供者的心率、血压并进行相关分析。结果干预组血压、心率与干预前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。干预组抑郁、焦虑得分与干预前比较均下降（P〈0．05）,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对造血干细胞亲缘供者实施心理干预,可减轻其焦虑、抑郁心理和维持血压、心率的稳定。     

造血干细胞移植患者亲属焦虑和抑郁倾向的护理干预效果

目的：探讨心理干预对造血干细胞移植患者亲属的心理状态影响。方法对本院收治的120例进行造血干细胞移植患者的亲属（试验组）采用焦虑和抑郁自评量表进行评分,同时对同期收治的120例非造血干细胞移植患者亲属（对照组）的焦虑和抑郁采用同样方法进行评分,试验组予护理干预。结果干预前2组的 SAS 及 SDS 得分无明显差异（P ＞0．05）;干预后试验组 SAS 及 SDS得分显著降低（P ＜0．01）,对照组干预后的 SAS 及 SDS 得分虽有所降低,但降低幅度很小,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。干预后干预组 SAS 及 SDS 得分显著低于对照组（P ＜0．01）。结论在临床上,造血干细胞移植患者的亲属存在心理障碍,护理人员需要对其亲属进行必要的护理干预,改善其不良情绪,以免对患者的治疗造成影响。     

以患者为主导的护理干预对消化道大出血患者焦虑情绪的影响

目的通过对消化道大出血患者焦虑情绪的护理干预,消除患者不良心理影响,使其积极配合治疗和护理。方法将2010年1月至2011年10月收治的100例消化道大出血患者按照入院顺序分为对照组和干预组各50例。对照组接受常规药物治疗和护理,干预组在此基础上,给予以患者为主导的护理干预,观察5周。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）分别在干预前后进行调查。结果实施护理干预前,两组患者的SAS及SDS得分比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;实施护理干预后,两组患者的SAS及SDS得分均较干预前明显降低,其中干预组下降趋势更明显[SAS得分：（26．78±6．45）分比（52．98±6．78）分;SDS得分：（16．56±7．98）分比（38．16±4．38）分],干预前后比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别为10．03,10．30;P〈0．01）。干预组SAS得分为（26．78-4-6．45）分,对照组为（38．35±6．53）分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=10．85,P〈0．01）;干预组SDS得分为（16．56±7．98）分,对照组为（23．01±5．98）分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=11．09,P〈0．01）。结论通过认知、心理、行为等以患者为主导的护理干预能有效地减轻急性消化道大出血患者的焦虑情绪,从而促进患者康复。     

CT增强检查前患者焦虑情绪的调查分析与护理干预

目的了解CT增强检查前患者焦虑情绪状况，探讨护理干预对患者在CT增强检查前焦虑及对比剂副反应发生的影响。方法分别对200例（对照组）和500例（护理干预组）CT增强检查前患者采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）进行问卷式调查，并记录CT增强后对比剂副反应发生情况。结果对照组SAS分值明显高于正常人（P〈0．01）；护理干预组SAS分值低于对照组，差异显著（P〈0．01）；护理干预组对比剂副反应发生率低于对照组（P〈0．01），有显著差异。结论CT增强检查前患者存在明显焦虑状态，护理干预可有效地淡化或消除CT增强前患者紧张焦虑情绪，减少对比剂副反应的发生。     

系统护理干预和介入治疗对冠心病患者心理状态的影响

目的：探讨系统护理干预和介入治疗对冠心病患者心理状态的影响。方法：将128例冠心病患者随机分为对照组和实验组各64例，两组均给予常规药物治疗和护理，实验组在此基础上给予介入治疗和系统护理干预。应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）在介入治疗前1—2d及介入治疗后2—3d分别对两组患者进行评分。结果：实验组护理干预前SAS和SDS得分明显高于对照组，两组比较有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。实验组护理干预后SAS和SDS得分明显低于干预前，两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：冠心病患者介入治疗前存在抑郁、焦虑心理，系统护理干预可改善患者的心理状态。     

冠心病介入治疗术34例心理特征及护理干预

目的：探讨介入治疗冠心病患者术前的心理状况及心理干预对其影响。方法：把68例冠心病患者随机分为干预组和对照组各34例。在手术前后对干预组进行综合心理干预,并采用焦虑自评量表（SDS）和抑郁自评量表（SAS）评定两组患者的情绪变化。结果两组干预前SAS和SDS得分均高于划界分（45分）,但干预组患者护理干预后焦虑、抑郁得分明显低于干预前及对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：心理干预可明显减轻冠心病介入治疗患者的抑郁焦虑,并可显著减少术后并发症,有效的保证了手术的顺利进行。     

首发精神分裂症患者父母情绪状况调查及心理干预效果分析

目的：了解首发精神分裂症患者父母的情绪状况及心理干预效果。方法将72例首发精神分裂症患者的父母按随机数字表法分为两组,每组36例。于入组时采用焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评定焦虑抑郁情绪,研究组根据测评结果予以有针对性的心理干预,对照组仅提供一般性指导,观察4周;于干预后再次采用上述量表进行测评分析。结果干预前两组焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评分均显著高于常模（P＜0．01）;干预后两组各量表评分均较干预前显著降低（ P＜0．05或0．01）,研究组显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）、与常模比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,对照组仍显著高于常模（P＜0．01）。结论首发精神分裂症患者的父母存在明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,心理干预可显著缓解其焦虑、抑郁情绪。     

马斯洛需要层次论在白内障患者心理护理中的应用

目的调查白内障患者的心理需求及焦虑状况,探讨以马斯洛需要层次论为指导的心理护理方式对白内障患者焦虑状况的作用。方法将符合纳入标准的白内障患者随机分成实验组和对照组,人院时两组采用自制的问卷及焦虑自评量表（SAS）调查患者的心理需求及焦虑状况。对照组采用常规心理护理方法,实验组采用以马斯洛需要层次论为指导的心理护理方式进行干预。干预后再次采用SAS量表评定两组患者的焦虑程度。结果术前两组患者均存在不同程度的焦虑,焦虑程度无明显差异,两组接受干预后SAS得分均降低（P〈0．01）,实验组焦虑得分明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论白内障患者术前术后均存在不同程度的焦虑,以马斯洛需要层次论为指导的心理护理方式较常规的心理护理方式可以明显改善白内障患者的焦虑状况,值得临床推广。     

住院患者焦虑情绪的识别和干预

系统阐述住院患者常见焦虑的临床特点和识别要点，重点介绍人院焦虑、手术焦虑、分离性焦虑、广泛性焦虑、惊恐发作的临床特点和干预对策，以帮助护士认识焦虑反应与焦虑性神经症的区别，掌握住院患者焦虑情绪的识别要点和焦虑的干预技巧，为患者提供科学、有效的心理护理。     

Cognitive Errors in Youth with Anxiety Disorders: The Linkages Between Negative Cognitive Errors and Anxious Symptoms

This study examined the linkages between negative cognitive errors and anxiety in a sample of children and adolescents referred for anxiety problems (N = 251). The Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire was used to assess cognitive errors and several self-report measures of anxiety were used to examine the specific linkages between cognitive errors and different aspects of children's anxiety phenomenology. Results indicated that each of the measures of anxiety (i.e., trait anxiety, manifest anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity) were significantly related to each of the cognitive errors examined (i.e., catastrophizing, overgeneralization, personalizing, and selective abstraction). The cognitive errors of catastrophizing, overgeneralization, and personalizing were still correlated with trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and manifest anxiety while controlling for children's level of depression. In addition, the correlation between selective abstraction and anxiety sensitivity was still evident while controlling for children's level of depression. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that overgeneralization was the strongest predictor of trait anxiety, catastrophizing and personalizing were the strongest predictors of anxiety sensitivity and manifest anxiety, and overgeneralization and selective abstraction were the strongest predictors of depression. Results also indicated that age moderated the relation between some types of cognitive errors and anxiety. The results are discussed with respect to the development of cognitive models of anxiety in youth, future research directions, and potential treatment implications.     

Death Anxiety as a Function of Aging Anxiety

To assess how different facets of aging anxiety contributed to the prediction of tangible and existential death anxiety, 167 Americans of various Christian denominations completed a battery of questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic variables and previously demonstrated predictors of death anxiety, revealed that the aging anxiety dimensions of physical appearance concern and fear of losses each positively predicted tangible death anxiety. In addition, the aging anxiety dimension of fear of losses predicted existential death anxiety. Results are discussed with respect to the multifaceted nature of death anxiety and how different forms of aging anxiety contribute to anxieties about death.     

中学生的焦虑状况及与自尊和应付方式的关系研究

目的探讨中学生焦虑的状况及与自尊和应付方式之间的关系。方法采用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、自尊量表(SES)及应付方式问卷,对396名中学生进行测查,所得数据运用SPSS 10.0软件包进行统计处理。结果中学生状态焦虑和特质焦虑分高于全国常模,有显著性差异。中学生状态焦虑、特质焦虑分与自尊呈显著负相关。中学生焦虑水平与自责、幻想、逃避和合理化应付因子呈显著正相关,与问题解决、求助应付因子呈显著负相关。自尊对状态焦虑和特质焦虑有较强预测作用;解决问题、自责对状态焦虑和特质焦虑有很强预测作用,求助对特质焦虑有预测作用。高焦虑的中学生自尊水平低,倾向使用消极的应付方式。结论中学生的焦虑水平较高,自尊和应付方式是影响中学生焦虑的重要的内部心理因素。     

Death anxiety as a function of aging anxiety

To assess how different facets of aging anxiety contributed to the prediction of tangible and existential death anxiety, 167 Americans of various Christian denominations completed a battery of questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic variables and previously demonstrated predictors of death anxiety, revealed that the aging anxiety dimensions of physical appearance concern and fear of losses each positively predicted tangible death anxiety. In addition, the aging anxiety dimension of fear of losses predicted existential death anxiety. Results are discussed with respect to the multifaceted nature of death anxiety and how different forms of aging anxiety contribute to anxieties about death.     

Responding to Anxiety with Rumination and Hopelessness: Mechanism of Anxiety-Depression Symptom Co-Occurrence?

The current research proposes that certain anxiety response styles (specifically, responding to anxiety symptoms with rumination or hopeless cognitions) may increase risk of depressive symptoms, contributing to anxiety-depression comorbidity. We delineate preliminary evidence for this model in three studies. In Study 1, controlling for anxiety response styles significantly reduced the association between anxiety and depressive symptoms in an undergraduate sample. In Study 2, these findings were replicated controlling for conceptually related variables, and anxiety interacted with anxiety response styles to predict greater depressive symptoms. In Study 3, anxiety response styles moderated the prospective association between anxiety and later depression in a generalized anxiety disorder sample. Results support a role for anxiety response styles in anxiety-depression co-occurrence, and show that hopeless/ruminative anxiety response styles can be measured with high reliability and convergent and divergent validity.     

术前病人的心理反应和心理护理

目的通过评估病人术前的焦虑程度,了解术前病人心理,更好地为病人进行术前心理护理。方法在哈密顿焦虑量表（HARS）的基础上制作问卷,对51例术前病人进行心理反应评价。结果 51例患者中,焦虑病人（严重焦虑、明显焦虑及有焦虑者）有31例,占60.8%,可能有焦虑病人10例,占19.6%,无焦虑病人10例,占19.6%。结论大多数术前病人存在不同程度的焦虑心理,解除或缓解术前病人的焦虑心理,做好术前心理护理是十分必要的,不同的病人应给予不同的心理护理。     

Child-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Abdominal Pain Disorders Reduces Caregiver Anxiety in Randomized Clinical Trial

Pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) are associated with elevated anxiety in youth and their caregivers, both contributing to an adverse impact on functioning in youth with FAPD. While a CBT approach (ie, Aim to Decrease Anxiety and Pain Treatment [ADAPT]) is known to improve health outcomes for youth, it is unknown if child-focused treatment improves caregiver anxiety. This secondary analysis of a larger randomized clinical trial examined if child-focused CBT (ADAPT) for pain and anxiety also impacts caregiver anxiety and explored the relation between caregiver anxiety and child symptoms (ie, pain, disability, anxiety) after treatment. A total of 79 caregiver-child dyads were randomized to ADAPT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU only. Caregiver anxiety and child outcomes (pain, disability, anxiety) were assessed at baseline and approximately 8 weeks later. Caregivers of children who completed ADAPT+TAU demonstrated lower anxiety compared to those who only received TAU. Moreover, regardless of treatment assignment, caregivers with greater anxiety had children who reported more pain and anxiety, but not functional disability at post-assessment. Results suggest a brief, child-focused intervention targeting pain and anxiety may also improve caregiver anxiety. As such, suggestions to improve future treatments are offered.PerspectiveCaregiver anxiety symptoms diminished after their child with functional abdominal pain completed a course of child-focused CBT targeting pain and anxiety. Further, caregiver anxiety was related to child-reported symptoms (pain and anxiety) after treatment. Therefore, improved caregiver mental health via a child-focused CBT may also improve pediatric outcomes.     

The Role of Cognitive Factors in Childhood Social Anxiety: Social Threat Thoughts and Social Skills Perception

Models of cognitive processing in anxiety disorders state that socially anxious children display several distorted cognitive processes that maintain their anxiety. The present study investigated the role of social threat thoughts and social skills perception in relation to childhood trait and state social anxiety. In total, 141 children varying in their levels of social anxiety performed a short speech task in front of a camera and filled out self-reports about their trait social anxiety, state anxiety, social skills perception and social threat thoughts. Results showed that social threat thoughts mediated the relationship between trait social anxiety and state anxiety after the speech task, even when controlling for baseline state anxiety. Furthermore, we found that children with higher trait anxiety and more social threat thoughts had a lower perception of their social skills, but did not display a social skills deficit. These results provide evidence for the applicability of the cognitive social anxiety model to children.     

汶川地震救援人员一年后的焦虑状况及其影响因素

目的探讨某部汶川地震救援人员1年后的焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法在汶川地震1年后,应用状态一特质焦虑问卷、应对方式问卷、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表对241名救援人员进行调查分析。结果（1）救援人员特质焦虑分[（37．57±4．06）分]明显低于国内常模[（41．11±7．74）分],而状态焦虑分[（44．24±5．03）分]明显高于国内常模[（39．71±8．89）分],差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。（2）状态焦虑与应对方式中的幻想因子呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）,与退避因子呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。特质焦虑与应对方式中的自责、退避、幻想和合理化因子呈显著正相关（均P〈0．01）;与自我效能感总分、领悟社会支持和应对方式中的解决问题、求助因子呈显著负相关（均P〈0．01）。（3）对救援人员状态焦虑的影响因素为特质焦虑、退避因子、幻想因子。结论地震救援人员状态焦虑受特质焦虑、应对方式所影响,要重视引导救援人员采取成熟的应对方式,以增强其自我效能感,提高心理抵抗能力。