伴有颈内动脉阻塞的新生血管性青光眼虹膜红变的发生机制和治疗原则

新生血管性青光眼不仅是糖尿病性视网膜病变和视网膜中央静脉阻塞等的眼内病变,已知颈内动脉阻塞也可继发本病。作者通过3例伴有颈内动脉阻塞新生血管性青光眼的临床经过,阐明虹膜红变的机制和治疗原则。 3例患者均为男性,既往有糖尿病史。虹膜及房角可见新生血管,虹膜周边前粘连,眼压升高,均为开角型。眼底荧光素血管造影,腕-视网膜循环时间和视网膜内循环时间显著延长,脑血管造影显示颈内动脉阻塞或显著狭     

重视低灌注视网膜病变引起的新生血管性青光眼

新生血管性青光眼是低灌注视网膜病变少见而严重的并发症.其眼底表现及青光眼症状具有特征性.颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞是低灌注视网膜病变的最常见原因.新生血管性青光眼是由于房角新生纤维血管组织阻塞小梁网所致.颈动脉彩色超声多普勒是首选的检查方法,颈动脉内膜切除术和颈动脉支架置入术是有效的治疗方法.早发现、早治疗颈动脉狭窄对预防新生血管性青光眼有着重要的临床意义.     

小梁切除术联合视网膜光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的 探讨复合小梁切除术联合视网膜光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾性分析视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发新生血管性青光眼患者9例,行复合小梁切除术,术后1周予全视网膜光凝术.记录术前及术后3个月、12个月患者视力、眼压、虹膜及房角新生血管检查,眼底视网膜新生血管消退及无灌注区情况.结果 术后12个月患者视力提高8眼,1眼无明显提高.术后眼压：5例患者眼压控制在21mmHg以下;4例眼压控制欠佳,需要局部使用降眼压药物,其中2例使用一种局部降眼压药物后眼压控制在21mmHg以下,另外2例眼压不能控制.虹膜及房角新生血管消退.眼底3个月和12个月后行荧光血管造影显示新生血管消退,无水肿,毛细血管无灌注区消失.结论 复合小梁切除术联合全视网膜光凝术是一种治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞继发的新生血管性青光眼的有效的方法.     

眼缺血综合征的临床观察

目的 探讨眼缺血综合征患者的临床特征.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2008年2月至2009年4月收治的10例(12只眼)眼缺血综合征患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、全身病史、最佳矫正视力和眼前节、眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、经颅超声多普勒(TCD)、数字减影血管造影(DSA)等检查结果.结果 10例(12只眼)眼缺血综合征患者中,男性6例(6只眼),女性4例(6只眼);年龄55～66岁,平均59岁.患者均伴有心血管和(或)脑血管疾病.最佳矫正视力为手动至1.0,虹膜新生血管5只眼,眼压超过21 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)者3只眼.眼底表现为动脉细,静脉不同程度扩张但不迂曲,点片状视网膜出血和棉絮斑,视乳头水肿和新生血管,黄斑呈不典型樱桃红色.所有患者均行TCD检查,可见颈内动脉不同程度狭窄或闭塞.9例患者行FFA检查,均表现为动脉"前锋"现象,臂-视网膜循环时间、视网膜循环时间及脉络膜循环时间延长.所有患者均给予扩血管及改善微循环药物治疗,视力不同程度提高.虹膜新生血管5只眼中,2只眼行视网膜光凝,虹膜新生血管消退.继发新生血管性青光眼3只眼中,1只眼行睫状体冷冻术;1只眼行视网膜光凝及颈内动脉支架植入术,术后新牛血管消退,眼压控制正常;1只眼行颈内动脉支架植入术,术后眼压正常.4例行DSA检查,3例行颈内动脉支架植入术,1例行锁骨下动脉支架植入术,1例行颈内动脉内膜剥离术.结论 由于眼缺血综合征患者的缺血严重程度不一,眼部表现复杂多样,需要眼科医师联合神经内、外科医师共同诊治.     

视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离的临床特征

目的探讨视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离患者的临床特征.方法回顾性分析视网膜中央静脉阻塞并发渗出性视网膜脱离患者的一般情况及视力、眼压、眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影、眼部超声波等检查资料.结果15例患者中,男性8例,女性7例;年龄18～42岁,平均25岁.5例合并新生血管性青光眼.患者就诊时的视力：光感至0.05.眼底检查显示全视网膜散在出血、视网膜静脉迂曲,黄斑区有明显的水肿和出血,在水肿和脱离区的边缘可见大片渗出.坐位时视网膜脱离为2～5个钟点范围.全部患者均未见视乳头血管吻合支的形成.荧光素眼底血管造影显示大片出血遮蔽荧光或可见后极部毛细血管无灌注区.超声波测量有5只眼平均眼轴长为22.98 mm.结论渗出性视网膜脱离是视网膜中央静脉阻塞的少见、严重并发症.多见于青年患者,易并发新生血管性青光眼,其眼底及荧光素眼底血管造影检查具有特征性.     

全视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼

目的探讨全视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻术治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法对2011年1月到2013年2月间在我院住院的18例18眼晚期新生血管性青光眼患者使用全视网膜冷凝加睫状体冷冻术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者出院后随访12-15月,15眼眼压控制正常,虹膜表面新生血管消退,成功率达83%。2眼术后眼压在31-34mm Hg,给予贝特舒眼药水后眼压控制正常。1眼术后眼压大于35 mm Hg,一月后给予第2次冷冻治疗,术后眼压控制正常。结论全视网膜冷凝联合睫状体冷冻治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼不仅是一种简单、经济、而且是一种控制晚期新生血管性青光眼的眼压,解除患者临床症状的有效方法。     

玻璃体内注射Bevacizumab联合全视网膜光凝及复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的 探讨玻璃体内注射Bevacizumab(商品名Avastin)联合全视网膜光凝及复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 收集2008年1月至2009年5月就诊于我院的新生血管性青光眼患者30例(30眼),随机分为2组.A组18例(18眼)行玻璃体内注射Bevacizumab 25 mmol·L-1联合全视网膜激光光凝及复合式小梁切除术.B组12例(12眼)行全视网膜光凝联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入术.2组术中均应用0.4 g·L-1丝裂霉素C.观察2组患者手术前后的视力、眼压及虹膜新生血管的变化.前房角镜检查前房角结构变化.结果 A组玻璃体内注射Bevacizumab 2～3 d后,所有患者的虹膜新生血管消失.4周内完成全视网膜光凝:注射2个月后,18眼眼压大于30 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),前房角为关闭状态;复合式小梁切除术后1周,眼压为7～12 mmHg;术后1个月,眼压为10～37 mmHg.B组4周内完成全视网膜光凝,虹膜新生血管部分消退.Ahmed青光眼阀植入术后1周,眼压为10～16 nnnHg;术后1个月,眼压为10～35 mmHg;术后6个月随访,2组患者在眼压控制、视力等方面差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05).手术成功率:A组(83.33%)高于B组(66.67%).A组未见虹膜新生血管复发.B组6眼虹膜新生血管复发,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 玻璃体内注射Bevacizumab 联合全视网膜光凝及复合式小梁切除术治疗新生血管性青光眼成功率高,并发症少,疗效显著.     

小梁切除术联合全视网膜光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的新生血管性青光眼是一种难以控制的青光眼。本文采用小梁切除术联合全视网膜光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼,探讨新生血管性青光眼治疗方法,取得满意疗效。方法对1998年10月-2002年1月收治新生血管性青光眼13例(13眼)采用在小梁切除术的同时根据眼底可见情况分次行全视网膜光凝术,全部患者均随访5月～2年。结果患者13例13眼术后眼压降至正常,虹膜新生血管消退,视乳头和视网膜新生血管部分或全部消退。4例视力提高,8例视力不变,1例视力下降。结论小梁切除术联合全视网膜光凝术,对于新生血管性青光眼可以有效地降低眼压,促进新生血管消退,防止再出血和眼压升高的发生。为新生血管性青光眼治疗的较好的选择方法。     

荧光素虹膜血管造影联合眼底血管造影在DR合并新生血管性青光眼中的应用

背景 新生血管性青光眼(NVG)是由视网膜缺血缺氧继发的眼病.荧光素虹膜血管造影(IFA)可早期诊断NVG,但其不能全面反映眼底血管情况.IFA联合荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可全面检测视网膜及虹膜新生血管情况,但目前国内关于糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)合并NVG患者中此方法的应用研究较少. 目的 探讨IFA联合FFA检查在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)患者合并新生血管性青光眼的临床应用.方法 采用回顾性研究方法.纳入2013年2月至2016年1月在河南省立眼科医院接受IFA和FFA联合检查的PDR患者79例133眼,其中无虹膜病变100眼,I期青光眼红变期21眼,Ⅱ期开角型NVG 12眼.所有患眼均行视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、IFA联合FFA检查.采用McNemar非参数检验法对比分析裂隙灯显微镜和IFA检查在I期青光眼红变期患眼检出率的差异. 结果 IFA检查显示100眼无虹膜病变患者无异常虹膜荧光素渗漏,FFA检查显示接受全视网膜激光光凝术(PRP)治疗的32眼未发现视网膜新生血管,68患眼存在视网膜新生血管;早期IFA检查显示,21眼I期青光眼红变期患者瞳孔缘或虹膜表面新生血管荧光素渗漏,FFA检查显示均存在视网膜新生血管;早期IFA检查显示12眼NVG患者虹膜表面新生血管荧光素渗漏,FFA检查显示均存在视网膜新生血管.I期青光眼红变期患眼中IFA检查的检出率为100％(21/21),明显高于裂隙灯显微镜检查的71.43％(15/21),2种检测方法检出率的比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.03). 结论 IFA联合FFA检查可以及早发现PDR合并青光眼红变期,有助于及时指导治疗.     

联合手术治疗新生血管性青光眼疗效比较

目的 比较两组治疗新生血管性青光眼方法的效果.方法 前瞻性随机对照研究.41例(41只眼)新生血管性青光眼随机分2组.A组(20只眼)行手术区域虹膜、房角新生血管光凝及小梁切除联合前视网膜冷凝术.B组(21只眼)行睫状体冷凝术联合前部视网膜冷凝术.观察1周内眼压及眼内情况;随访1年眼压及并发症情况.结果 术后1周A组眼压明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.12P<0.01);A组疼痛消失明显,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.15 P<0.01).术后1年A组眼压有90%(18/20)正常,B组有49%(10/21)正常,差异有统计学意义(t=2.37 P<0.05),两组病例中虹膜新生血管均有减退,A组优于B组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.53 P<0.05).结论 手术区域虹膜、房角新生血管光凝及小梁切除联合前视网膜冷凝术效疗更优越.     

Preliminary clinical analysis of neovascular glaucoma secondary to carotid artery disease

Background: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a rare but severe complication of hypoperfusion retinopathy. Our objective was to analyse the clinical features of NVG secondary to carotid artery atherosclerosis, moyamoya disease and Takayasu arteritis. Methods: Thirty‐six cases (36 eyes) with hypoperfusion retinopathy associated with NVG were retrospectively analysed. Each patient had their visual acuity assessed and fundus examined by fundus fluorescein angiography, colour Doppler flow imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, digital subtraction angiography and other techniques. Results: Eyes belonging to 30 males and six females were analysed. There were 24 right eyes and 12 left eyes. The ages of these patients ranged 18 to 78 years and the mean age was 40 years. The visual acuities ranged from light perception to 0.8 (decimal notation). Posterior segment manifestations included mid‐peripheral intraretinal haemorrhages and narrowed retinal arteries. All eyes were associated with either an ipsilateral common carotid artery obstruction or a severe bilateral obstruction of the internal carotid arteries. Conclusions: The characteristic clinical features are presented during the process of the disease. Degeneration of the ocular fundus was predominantly on one side. The retinal manifestations included mid‐peripheral haemorrhages and dilated retinal veins. High intraocular pressure and excavation and atrophy of the optic disc were common. In the eyes that were examined, neovascularisation was observed in the iris and anterior chamber and various visual field defects were present.     

Arterial obstruction and ocular neovascularization

A series of 12 patients (13 eyes) with neovascular glaucoma in association with arterial obstructive disease is presented. Appropriately characterized as having an ocular ischemic syndrome, the anterior segment findings in each included aqueous flare and rubeosis iridis. Posterior segment manifestations included midperipheral intraretinal hemorrhages (venous stasis retinopathy), narrowed retinal arteries, often a cherry red spot, and neovascularization of the disc and/or retina. Most eyes with the ocular ischemic syndrome have either ipsilateral common carotid artery obstruction or severe bilateral obstruction of the internal carotid arteries.     

玻璃体切除联合视网膜光凝治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的：评价玻璃体切除联合视网膜光凝治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变（ proliferative diabetic retinopathy, PDR）的临床效果。 方法：回顾性分析了2009-07/2012-11在我院行玻璃体切除,术后行眼底血管荧光造影后,4 wk内给予视网膜光凝的PDR患者72例104眼,出院后随访12 mo以上,统计分析术前、术后及最终矫正视力、手术并发症等临床资料。 结果：视网膜光凝（最后一次视网膜光凝）后1 wk内视力提高有效率88.5%（92/104）,1mo 视力提高有效率92.3%（96/104）,3mo视力提高有效率90.4%（94/104）,其中1眼发生新生血管青光眼,6 mo 视力提高有效率88.5%（92/104）,其中1眼发生视网膜脱离,12mo视力提高有效率80.8%（84/104）,并出现2眼硅油乳化,随着糖尿病眼底病变发展,视力提高率下降,硅油眼手术并发症增多,尤其吁期及遇期患眼。 结论：玻璃体切除造影后联合视网膜光凝治疗PDR是安全有效的,玻璃体切除术后进行造影可以有的放矢的进行视网膜光凝,既能减少过度光凝,又能防止光凝不足。可以有效提高患者视力,降低并发症。     

Ocular neovascularization in a patient with Fanconi anemia

CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old girl diagnosed with Fanconi anemia was referred to us for redness and pain in her right eye. Findings in the right eye included visual acuity of counting fingers, neovascular glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, optic disc neovascularization, and features of peripheral ischemic retinopathy. Findings in the left eye included peripheral retinal neovascularization and areas of retinal capillary nonperfusion. COMMENTS: Patients with Fanconi anemia may develop ocular neovascularization with subsequent severe visual loss due to vitreous hemorrhage or neovascular glaucoma. Regular ophthalmic examination, including ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography in selected cases, is recommended in such patients.     

Radiotherapy for age-related macular degeneration: risk factors of complications, prevention and treatment of side-effects

PURPOSE: To analyze the retinal and choroidal side-effects of radiotherapy given for age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and to describe the risk factors of these complications and their treatment. MATERIAL: and methods: Two hundred and ninety five eyes in 270 patients with ARMD were treated using radiotherapy. Nineteen patients had diabetes. The doses were as follows: 15 Gy or less (4 eyes); 16 Gy/4 fractions (113 eyes); 18 Gy/5 fractions (35 eyes); 20 Gy/5 fractions (123 eyes); 24 Gy/6 fractions (2 eyes); 28.8 Gy/8 fractions (17 eyes); more than 28.8 Gy (1 eye). Patients had a regular follow-up visit with visual acuity, contrast sensitivity evaluation, biomicroscopic fundus examination, fluorescein and ICG angiographies every six months over a mean period of 15 months. RESULTS: Radiation retinopathy was noted in 15 eyes, a bilateral neovascular glaucoma in one patient, ischemic optic neuropathy in 5 eyes, choroidal telangiectasiae in 19 eyes, venous occlusion in 2 eyes, oedematous retinopathy with major exudation (ORME) in 31 eyes, and choroidal hematoma in 8 eyes. Radiation retinopathy, choroidal telangiectasiae and ORME were related to radiation dose. Radiation retinopathy was more severe and more frequent in patients with diabetes. Choroidal telangiectasiae were diagnosed with ICG angiography and were treated early with laser. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy for ARMD should not be done in patients with diabetes. Hypofractionation is not recommended. ICG angiography should be considered essential in the follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy.     

Ocular ischemic syndrome in diabetic patients

PURPOSE: Diabetes mellitus aggravates carotid occlusive disease, that can manifest as ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). Ocular manifestations and visual prognosis of OIS in diabetic patients were retrospectively analyzed. METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive diabetic patients with OIS were divided into two groups according to the presence of iris neovascularization, and the clinical features were reviewed. RESULTS: In the first group, 14 eyes of 12 diabetic patients (11 men and 1 woman) had no iris neovascularization. Two patients had bilateral OIS. The ages in this group ranged from 50-75 years. Four eyes with optic atrophy or ischemic optic neuropathy had severe visual loss. Six eyes with hypoperfusion retinopathy or retinal vein obstruction and 2 eyes with cataract had mild visual loss. Each eye with amaurosis fugax or retinal neovascularization had no visual deterioration. Asymmetrical retinopathy was observed in 2 patients. Carotid surgery stabilized and resolved amaurosis fugax and hypoperfusion retinopathy. In the second group, 11 eyes of 11 patients had iris neovascularization. The patients were all male and their ages ranged from 53-77 years. All eyes with iris neovascularization had severe visual deterioration. In 5 patients, asymmetrical ocular manifestation was observed. Carotid reconstruction surgery and ophthalmological treatment were not successful for recovering a satisfactory visual outcome in OIS. CONCLUSION: The features of OIS in diabetic patients mimic diabetic retinopathy and manifest with asymmetrical ocular findings. Iris neovascularization is an indicator of poor visual prognosis. It is essential to recognize the early stages of OIS associated with diabetes mellitus.     

Neovascular glaucoma. Etiologic considerations

A review of 208 patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is presented. The most common primary etiologic associations included retinal venous obstructive disease (36.1%), diabetic retinopathy (32.2%), and carotid artery obstructive disease (12.9%). Systemic arterial hypertension was present in 51% and diabetes mellitus was noted in 46% of all patients. Among the 25 bilateral cases of NVG, 24 occurred in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Women comprised 65% of patients with NVG secondary to diabetes, and 57% of the venous obstruction group, while men accounted for 74% of cases in which NVG occurred secondary to carotid artery obstructive disease. Overall, 97% of eyes with NVG had a disease process that produced extensive retinal ischemia and preceded the onset of iris neovascularization. Patients with NVG, but without an obvious precipitating fundus condition, should be suspected of having severe carotid artery obstructive disease.     

合并慢性粒细胞白血病的增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者五例

目的:观察5例合并慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）的增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）患者的临床特征及治疗预后。方法:回顾性研究。2011年5月至2020年12月在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院住院治疗的合并CML的PDR患者5例10只眼纳入研究。收集患者的年龄、性别、糖尿病病史及CML病史等基本信息。检测其内分泌、血液学指标以评...     

Neovascular glaucoma diagnosed following carotid endarterectomy

We report a case of bilateral asymptomatic rebeosis iridis related to a bilateral obstruction of the carotid arteries. The iridocorneal angles were closed by a neovascular membrane and intraocular pressures were normal within both eyes (normotensive neovascular glaucoma). After left carotid endarterectomy, the increased perfusion of the ciliary body and the increased secretion of aqueous humor resulted in a sudden bilateral ocular hypertension. Management of ocular neovascularization related to carotid artery obstruction may involve the destruction of areas of retinal ishchemia (laser panretinal photocoagulation or cryotherapy) before carotid surgery.