仙鹤草总黄酮纯化工艺研究

目的 优选仙鹤草总黄酮纯化工艺条件.方法 采用大孔吸附树脂法,以总黄酮含量为评价指标,分别对树脂型号、树脂径高比、上样药液浓度、上样药液速度、洗脱液浓度、洗脱剂用量进行考察.结果 优选的纯化工艺条件为选用D101型大孔树脂,上样药液浓度为0.15g/ml,上样速度为1BV/h,树脂径高比为1∶10,洗脱液为3BV 50％乙醇洗脱.固形物中总黄酮含量为31.05％.结论 该纯化工艺条件合理、稳定,可用于工业化生产.     

养肾排毒方的大孔树脂分离纯化工艺研究

目的 研究养肾排毒方的大孔树脂分离纯化参数。方法 采用单因素试验法对大孔树脂吸附分离养肾排毒方的工艺条件进行优选。结果 优选树脂品种为AB-8和D101等比混合树脂,最大上柱量为2 g药材/1 g树脂,上柱药液浓度为0.688 g/mL,上柱流速为2 BV/h;蒸馏水5 BV为杂质洗脱剂,70%乙醇5 BV为有效成分洗脱剂,洗脱流速均为2 BV/h。结论 优选的养肾排毒方大孔树脂分离纯化工艺是科学合理的。      

黄柏生物碱大孔树脂纯化工艺研究

目的 筛选黄柏总生物碱大孔树脂纯化工艺。方法 对黄柏总生物碱提取液纯化所用大孔树脂型号、洗脱剂体积分数、大孔树脂吸附容量、上柱药液pH值、上柱速度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱剂流速、洗脱液浓缩质量浓度、洗脱液浓缩后pH值进行考察。结果 黄柏总生物碱大孔树脂纯化最佳工艺：大孔树脂载样量为AB-8大孔树脂∶黄柏药材=1∶1.2(g/g),上样速度为2 BV/h,50%乙醇洗脱,速度1.5 BV/h,收集6BV洗脱液,回收乙醇,浓缩至1.5 g生药/mL,其相对密度为1.015～1.017(70 ℃) ,放置室温,浓盐酸调节pH 0.2～0.4,冷藏放置12 h,离心,沉淀低温减压干燥,得黄柏总生物碱。提取物中盐酸小檗碱质量分数达到57.38%,黄柏总生物碱质量分数达到59.04%。结论 该工艺稳定,质量可控,可用于柏总生物碱纯化的产业化生产。     

大孔吸附树脂富集纯化黄芪总皂苷工艺研究

目的研究大孔树脂富集、纯化黄芪总皂苷的工艺条件及参数。方法以黄芪总皂苷的洗脱率和含量为考察指标,考察大孔吸附树脂富集、纯化黄芪总皂苷的吸附性能和洗脱参数。结果黄芪提取液12ml(0.5g/ml)上大孔吸附树脂柱,用蒸馏水20ml、80%乙醇20ml依次洗脱,黄芪总皂苷富集于80%乙醇洗脱液部分,且除杂能力强。结论通过大孔吸附树脂富集与纯化后黄芪总皂苷洗脱率88.85%以上,80%乙醇洗脱液干燥后总固形物中黄芪总皂苷的纯度可达到75%。采用此方法可较好的纯化黄芪总皂苷。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化红花提取物的研究

目的探讨大孔吸附树脂对红花提取物的纯化条件及纯化效果。方法通过红花黄色素(SY)在树脂上的吸附量和解吸率筛选树脂的种类;以SY的保留率和转移率为指标考察药液的pH值、上柱吸附体积流量、树脂药材比、树脂柱径高比、清洗液的pH值及体积流量、洗脱液的种类及体积流量等纯化条件。与乙醇沉淀法进行纯化效果的比较。结果优化后的纯化条件为采用HPD 400A作为吸附树脂,树脂药材比为4∶1,树脂柱径高比为1∶6,上柱药液和清洗液pH值为2.0,50%乙醇作为洗脱液,上柱吸附体积流量为4 BV/h,清洗和洗脱体积流量为10BV/h。在该纯化条件下,SY的转移率为88.8%,与乙醇沉淀法相当,固形物中SY的质量分数约为乙醇沉淀法的2.6倍,固形物的质量(固形物得率)仅为乙醇沉淀法的38.5%。结论通过纯化条件的优化大大提高了SY的转移率,大孔吸附树脂法对红花提取物的纯化效果优于乙醇沉淀法。     

D-101型大孔吸附树脂纯化

目的 研究D-101型大孔树脂分离纯化生姜提取物的工艺条件及参数。 方法 以6-姜酚的量为指标,采用大孔树脂法分离纯化生姜提取物。 结果 最佳工艺为：提取物加入30%乙醇充分溶解,提取物与溶剂之比为1∶120(g/mL),滤过,滤液以2 mL/min的流速上样,大孔树脂柱的径高比为1∶7,先用6 BV的水洗脱,再用6 BV 75%乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速为5 mL/min,75%乙醇洗脱液减压浓缩至干,6-姜酚的得率可达3.91%(以提取物计)。 结论 该方法分离纯化生姜提取物可行。     

黄芩茎叶总黄酮制备工艺优化研究

目的?优选黄芩茎叶总黄酮制备工艺,为黄芩茎叶资源的合理利用开发提供依据。方法?以黄芩茎叶中8个黄酮类化合物的转移率为指标,采用单因素考察结合正交试验优选黄芩茎叶黄酮的提取工艺;比较酸沉法和大孔树脂法纯化茎叶总黄酮的转移率,并对大孔树脂纯化工艺进行优选。结果?以12倍量40%乙醇热回流提取3次,每次1?h,为最佳提取工艺。提取物的纯化结果显示,大孔树脂法中黄芩茎叶黄酮的总体转移率（92.53%）显著高于酸沉法（76.69%）。在pH为1.01时,酸沉法虽然可以使野黄芩苷等化合物转移率达90%以上,但含量丰富的二氢黄酮类化合物异红花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷、红花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷的转移率仅为64.76%、68.57%,而使用大孔树脂法纯化,其转移率均可达90%以上,可以实现各目标成分的高效转移。经优选,0.26?g/mL药液上样,上样量为每10?g HP-20型干树脂上样2.08?g干燥提取物,树脂柱径高比为1∶3,4?BV纯水除杂后,以30%乙醇洗脱4?BV,为最佳纯化工艺,所得总黄酮质量分数可达66.03%。结论?建立了稳定且环境友好型黄芩茎叶总黄酮制备工艺,可为黄芩茎叶的进一步开发利用提供参考。      

AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化复方桂枝茯苓丸中桃仁、赤芍提取物工艺

目的 优选复方桂枝茯苓丸中桃仁、赤芍提取物的大孔树脂纯化工艺.方法 以苦杏仁苷和芍药苷的吸附洗脱率为指标,采用单因素试验考察上样液质量浓度、径高比、洗脱剂等对桂枝茯苓丸中桃仁、赤芍提取物大孔树脂纯化工艺的影响.结果 优选的纯化工艺为:上样液质量浓度200 mg/mL,树脂柱径高比1:9,树脂体积与上样量比0.77∶1,加4 BV水洗除杂,用体积分数30％乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液6 BV.结论 该纯化工艺合理稳定,可推广于大生产应用.     

大孔树脂对草乌生物碱的吸附性能及提纯工艺

目的 研究大孔树脂对草乌生物碱的吸附性能及提纯工艺。方法 采用酸性染料比色法测定总生物碱含量。结果 正交试验优选的吸附条件为：SIP1300大孔树脂优于AB-8大孔树脂；原液浓度为0.2g生药／mL，pH=5，流速为4BV(柱床体积)／h。洗脱液采用80％乙醇时,解吸效果较好。结论 大孔树脂适用于草乌生物碱的提纯。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化槟榔中总鞣质的研究

目的 以槟榔中的总鞣质为纯化对象,比较8种大孔树脂的静态吸附过程,筛选出适合吸附槟榔总鞣质的树脂,并探索总鞣质在所选树脂上的吸附和解吸工艺条件。方法 采用磷钼钨酸-干酪素比色法测定总鞣质的含量,计算树脂的吸附量、吸附率和解吸率,利用单因素实验研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化槟榔中总鞣质的最佳工艺条件。结果 选择HPD-826大孔树脂,其对总鞣质的饱和吸附量为46.65 mg/g;HPD-826树脂对槟榔中总鞣质的最佳纯化工艺为：上柱液中总鞣质质量浓度为4.30 mg/mL,上样液体积3.5 BV,上样流速2 BV/h,洗脱液乙醇体积分数70%,洗脱液体积3 BV。结论 HPD-826型大孔树脂表现出较好的吸附性能与解吸效果,能很好地富集纯化槟榔中的总鞣质。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.