低聚果糖对佝偻病大鼠钙吸收的影响

目的研究低聚果糖对佝偻病大鼠模型钙吸收影响。方法采用21d断奶Wistar幼鼠38只，随机分为对照组8只和实验组30只。实验组进一步分为1，2，3组，每组10只，雌雄各半。对照组喂基础饲料和自来水。实验组1，2，3组喂以缺VitD饲料和纯净水并避光喂养。实验第30d处死对照组和实验1组；实验第30d实验2组给予低聚果糖0．2g／100g＋高钙饲料，实验3组给予高钙饲料。实验第60d处死实验3组、4组动物。实验第30d、第60d同时检测处死动物体重、血清Ca、Ca^2＋、P、ALP各项指标。结果实验第30d，实验1组体重、血P低于对照组，血ALP高于对照组，二者有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01），血Ca^2＋有显著性差异（P〈0．05），血Ca指标二者无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。实验第60d，实验2组血Ca、Ca^2＋高于实验3组，二者有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01），血P实验2组高于实验3组，二者有显著性差异（P〈0．05），实验2组体重略高于实验3组（P〉0．05）。结论FOS可以促进钙吸收，增加佝偻病大鼠模型的钙含量，改善佝偻病大鼠血Ca、P、ALP等生化紊乱状况。     

空调环境下温度湿度的改变对豚鼠血液流变特性的影响

目的 通过动物实验研究空调环境下温度湿度的改变对机体血液流变特性的影响．为进一步研究空调环境下温度、湿度的改变对机体微循环的影响提供实验依据。方法 采用豚鼠作为实验动物，豚鼠的体质量控制在250—300g之间。实验分为三组，第一组：（31只）豚鼠在温度18℃、湿度70％空调房间内饲养10d；第二组：（31只）豚鼠在温度28℃、湿度70％空调房间内饲养10d；第三组：（31只）豚鼠在温度18℃、湿度50％空调房间内饲养10d。10d后。用心脏穿刺法采集豚鼠血液5ml、肝素抗凝，血液采集完毕后2h内检测血液流变学各项指标。结果 第一组与第二组相比较。各项指标均无显著性差异（P〉0．05），说明空调环境下温度改变对机体血液流变特性无影响。第一组与第三组相比较，全血高切、中切、低切黏度、红细胞比容、红细胞电泳时间均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。第一组的血浆黏度显著高于第三组（P〈0．01），第一组的全血还原黏度显著低于第三组（P〈0．01）。第一组的红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数低于第三组（P〈0．05）。结论 空调环境下温度的改变对机体血液流变特性的影响不显著；然而湿度改变能引起机体血液流变特性显著改变。因而我们认为空调环境下湿度与机体血液流变特性显著相关。     

食蟹猴皮下注射重组人甲状旁腺素rh—PTH（1—34）毒性研究

目的：采用重组人甲状旁腺素rh-PTH(1-34)对食蟹猴进行皮下注射给药六个月．停药恢复一个月长期毒性试验。旨在观察连续皮下注射给予甲状旁腺素rh-PTH(1-34)对试验动物所产生的毒性反应，中毒症状，毒性作用靶器官．确定无毒性反应剂量．为临床安全用药提供参考。方法：健康成年食蟹猴24只．雌12只．雄12只。随机分为生理盐水对照组、rh-PTH(1．34)5．0ug/kg／d、15．0ug/kg/d、45．0ug/kg／d体重三个剂量组。     

康莱特注射液对胃癌患者细胞凋亡、增殖及T细胞亚群的影响

目的：探讨康莱特对胃癌细胞凋亡对增殖及胃癌患者T细胞亚群的影响。方法：进展期胃癌患者30例，随机分为3组（每组各10例）：A组（对照组）：手术前后常规给予全胃肠外营养（total parenteral nutrition,TPN)治疗；B组（康莱特治疗组）：术前5d及术后9d，给予康莱特注射液200mL/d静脉滴入加常规TPN治疗；C组（化疗组）：术前给予5d化疗，甲酰四氢叶酸钙（calcium folinatefor,CF)200mg及5氟脲嘧啶（5－FU）750mg/d静脉滴注加常规TPN治疗。分别于治疗前及术后1d,5d及10d，采集外周静脉血，应用免疫荧光法检测CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞亚群。手术中取胃癌病理组织，用末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末端标记法和免疫组织化学染色法检测胃癌细胞的凋亡（AI）与增殖（PI）及二者之比（AI／PI）。结果：B组与C组相比较，胃癌细胞的AI、PI及AI／PI，无显著差异（P＞0．05）；B组与A组相比较，上 3种指标则具有显著差异（P＜0．01）。治疗前3组CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞亚群的百分率无显著差异（P＞0．05）；术后1d,5d3组CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞亚群的百分率差异显著（P＜0．01）；术后10d,CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞亚群的百分率，B组与A组以及B组与C组相比较，差异性分别为显著（P＜0．05）及非常显著（P＜0．01）。结论：康莱特可明显促进胃癌细胞凋亡和抑制其增殖，有助于提高围手术期患者的免疫功能。     

滑槽钉生长棒内固定系统单边固定对幼猪脊柱发育的影响

目的观察滑槽钉生长棒内固定系统单边固定对幼猪脊柱发育的影响。方法将15只3月龄幼猪采用完全随机化法随机分为3组：A组（5只）为空白对照组,自幼猪后路单侧切开,仅显露单侧椎板;B组（5只）为对照组,同法显露单侧椎板后常规椎弓根钉系统固定;C组（5只）为实验组,同法显露后单侧置入滑槽钉生长棒内固定系统固定。术后3个月应用X线测量T6-10、T10-14椎体的平均高度,T6-10椎间隙的平均高度,以及C组的钛棒上下两端滑动的平均距离。术后3个月时处死实验动物,选取固定节段的椎间盘观察生长板软骨细胞的形态学变化。结果术后3个月,C组T6-10、T10-14椎体的平均高度分别为（26．81±1．70）mm、（27．43±2．92）mm,T6-10椎间隙的平均高度为（2．13±0．17）mm,与A组的（27．13±3．31）mm、（27．91±3．03）mm、（2．20±0．14）mm比较,差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）,而与B组的（22．30±2．52）mm、（22．62±2．11）mm、（0．82±0．41）mm比较增加明显,差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）,C组钛棒上下两端滑动平均距离42．7mm。C组生长板软骨细胞层高度（165．6±1．7）μm与A组（167．2±6．8）μm比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而与B组（140．4±7．2）μm比较增加明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论滑槽钉生长棒内固定系统单边固定对幼猪脊柱生长发育无明显影响。     

T细胞诱导的结肠炎中多形螺旋线虫感染对CD4^＋T细胞增殖的影响

目的 研究肠道多形螺旋线虫对T细胞诱导的小鼠结肠炎CD4^±T细胞增殖情况的影响。方法 用羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂（CFSE）染色的卵清蛋白（OVA）特异性CD4＾±辅助性T细胞转入重度联合免疫缺陷（SCID）小鼠中，制作小鼠实验性肠炎模型。将实验模型小鼠分为多形螺旋线虫感染组和无感染组（每组n=5），观察多形螺旋线虫感染7d后小鼠结肠炎性反应的组织学变化；以流式细胞仪检测感染3、5、7d小鼠肠系膜淋巴结中CD4＾＋T细胞CFSE的阴性率，判定肠系膜淋巴结中CD4＾＋T细胞的增殖情况。结果 与无感染组比较，感染组小鼠第7天时有螺旋线虫感染结肠炎性反应明显加重，黏膜固有层细胞浸润增多，结肠上皮破损增加，病理评分明显升高（5．20±0．84比2．00±0．71，P〈0．05）。感染3、5、7d后，感染组小鼠肠系膜淋巴结中CD4±T细胞增殖均比无感染组明显增强，CFSE的阴性率升高[3d：（7．03±1．61）％比（2．32±0．62）％，5d：（55．05±13．41）％比（29．10±2．23）％，7d：（76．97±1．89）％比（43．87±5．56）％，均P〈0．05]。结论 多形螺旋线虫感染在CD4＾＋T细胞诱导的小鼠实验性结肠炎的早期阶段促进了炎性反应的加重，可能与促进CD4＾＋T细胞的增殖有关。     

亚低温对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠TNF-α表达的影响

目的：探讨亚低温对大鼠急性脑缺血／再灌注损伤后神经功能及缺血脑组织中TNF—α表达的影响。方法：取健康成年雄性SD大鼠150只。随机均分为假手术组、脑缺血再灌注常温组、脑缺血再灌注亚低温组；根据再灌注时间不同，每组分别于再灌注8h，24h，3d，7d，30d各处死10只大鼠，并取其缺血脑组织，其中5只用于免疫组化染色，另外5只用于RT—PCR检测TNF—αmRNA。结果：脑缺血再灌注后，TNF—α阳性细胞数在再灌注1d时即达高峰，3d后迅速下降，再灌注7d时即降到较低水平，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。TNF—α及其mRNA表达假手术组很弱，缺血再灌注后TNF—α及其mRNA在8h表达为顶峰，随后有所下降，但直到再灌注7d仍然保持相对高的表达水平，一个月基本恢复正常；其表达在亚低温组较常温脑缺血组有显著地下降（P〈0．05），但仍较假手术组高（P〈0．05）。结论：脑缺血再灌注损伤后TNF—α明显升高，应用亚低温可以降低TNF—α升高的程度；亚低温可以明显减少缺血再灌注后脑梗死的区域，并能明显改善缺血再灌注大鼠的神经功能。提示亚低温治疗对脑的保护作用有可能通过降低TNF—α水平来实现的。     

去睾丸大鼠骨形态计量学的研究

目的：探讨4月龄雄性大鼠去睾丸后骨量的变化，重点比较松质骨和皮质骨骨代谢的变化。方法：20只4月龄SD雄性大鼠，随机分为假手术组（A组）和去睾丸组（B组），同等条件下饲养90d后，取腰椎和胫骨中段行不脱钙制片进行骨形态计量学观察。结果：去睾丸组与假手术组比较，前者腰椎松质骨吸收增加、骨形成下降（P〈0．05），出现明显骨质疏松；皮质骨外膜的骨形成动态参数如矿化沉积率、骨形成率下降（P〈0．05），内膜骨形成和吸收均有增加趋势。结论：去睾丸90d能使大鼠松质骨出现骨质疏松，皮质骨丢失不如松质骨显著。松质骨对去睾丸敏感性比皮质骨高。     

部分去背根传入猫脊髓Ⅱ板层神经生长因子的免疫组化研究

为探讨神经生长因子（NGF）在部分去背根传入猫脊髓Ⅱ板层可塑性中的作用，本文采用成年雄猫15只，建立单侧备用根模型（即切断一侧L1～5、L7～S2节段脊髓背根，保留L6背根），术后分别存活3、5和11d，灌流固定，取L5、L6、L7脊髓冻切．用2.5sNGF抗体进行ABC法免疫组化反应．每例在7张切片上测两侧Ⅱ板层内、中、外三个固定大小对应区域的灰度值。结果：三个时间组手术例L6平面Ⅱ板层NGF的平均灰度均显著地小于非手术例（P＜0．05）；而手术侧L5、L7平面Ⅱ板层NGF的平均灰度3d时均大于非手术侧（P＜0．05），5d时无显著差异（P＞0．05），11d时小于非手术侧（P＜0．05），即手术侧L5、L7Ⅱ板层灰度值随时间推移而显著减小。结果表明，手术侧L6Ⅱ板层NGF含量在三个时间组均有增加；而L5、L7Ⅱ板层NGF含量在3d时下降，5d恢复，11d增多．这种内源性NGF含量的变化可能与部分去背根脊髓Ⅱ板层的可塑性变化有关．     

丙泊酚对大鼠空间关联记忆能力影响的水迷宫行为测试研究

目的研究注射临床低剂量和高剂量的丙泊酚对大鼠空间关联记忆能力的影响。方法将30只大鼠随机分成3组：对照组、临床低剂量0．1mg／（kg·min）组和临床高剂量0．5mg／（kg·min）组。在注射丙泊酚1d后进行水迷宫实验,包括4d的定位航行和1d的空间探索实验。在定位航行实验中分别对3组大鼠进行I、Ⅱ和Ⅲ象限入水的训练,并记录3组大鼠的逃避潜伏期、游泳路程和游泳速度。在空间探索实验中将大鼠从未训练的Ⅳ象限入水,分别记录平台象限游泳时间、第一环点数以及总得分。结果在第1,2天的定位航行实验中,低剂量组与对照组大鼠的逃避潜伏期没有统计学差异（p〉0．05）;高剂量组逃避潜伏期比对照组显著延长（P〈O．05）。第3,4天的定位航行实验中,3组大鼠之间均未见差异（p〉0．05）。在空间探索实验中,从未训练的Ⅳ象限入水时,对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组大鼠的总得分分别为（2509．36±190．72）、（2378．55±210．69）和（1954．85±174．20）。低剂量组和对照组没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）;高剂量组与对照组存在显著性差异（P〈O．05）,即高剂量组比对照组总得分低。结论注射低剂量的丙泊酚不影响大鼠的空间关联记忆和空间记忆能力;高剂量丙泊酚在注射后前2d内降低大鼠的空间记忆能力,但2d后对大鼠的空间记忆能力没有影响,说明高剂量的丙泊酚降低了大鼠的空间关联记忆能力。     

Effects of social competition for feed on growth of farmed raccoon dogs

To test whether or not social competition influences food consumption and growth in farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray 1834), animals were placed singly, in pairs and by threes in standard cages and fed ad libitum or restricted feed portions. Daily feed intake of single, ad libitum freely fed animals, 930 +/- 150 g, was significantly more than that of animals caged in pairs (750 +/- 45 g) or by threes (730 +/- 210 g). Animals on restricted feeding consumed all the feed supplied, i.e. 550 g per animal daily. Higher feed intake was associated with a poorer apparent digestibility of protein, fat, carbohydrates and energy during the period of maximal growth rate in August. Approximately the same final body weights were achieved despite of the number of animals per cage. Animals on ad libitum feeding tended to be heavier than those of restricted feeding. However, the interindividual variation in body size was large even in single animals fed ad libitum. No significant interactions between social status and feed availability were found, i.e. the shortage of feed affected equally all social classes. No marked differences in foot length or skin quality between experimental groups were found.     

Water intake and its thermal energy cost in reindeer fed lichen or various protein rations during winter.

Captive reindeer were fed four different rations which supplied equal energy but varying amount of crude protein: lichens (3%), mixed hay plus lichens (10%) and two feed concentrates with medium (12%) or high (18%) protein content. Kinetics of total body water were measured with tritiated water from February to March 1985, and thermal energy cost of daily water intake was estimated. Biological half-time of water was shorter, and daily water intake significantly higher on the hay plus lichens diet and on the medium- or high-protein concentrates diet than on the lichens diet during March 1985. Similar differences were found between reindeer on medium-protein concentrate and on lichens at the end of the corresponding feeding period during April 1986. Daily water inflow was positively correlated with a dietary supply of digestible crude protein (r = 0.916). Thermal energy costs of daily water intake were highest 1.9 MJ (3.7 l-1) in reindeer on high-protein concentrate during March 1985, and 2.0 MJ (3.9 l-1) in reindeer on medium-protein concentrate during April 1986. The reindeer fed on lichens had minimal and nearly twice as small thermal energy cost of daily water intake (mean 1.1 MJ 2.1 l-1) as on either of the concentrates. Our results show that even a moderate feed protein ration can significantly increase free water intake and its thermal energy cost in reindeer as compared to dominant natural feed (lichens) during winter. Careful protein supplementation is recommended to support body condition with a concomitant addition of easily soluble carbohydrates to compensate for increased thermal costs of water intake.     

人工饲养三种猕猴属实验动物生理指标初步测定

目的:测定并比较人工饲养条件下三种猕猴属实验动物的生理指标,为实验动物研究与应用提供参考数据。方法:分组测量人工繁育的藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)23(♂21,♀2)只,恒河猴(Macacus Rhesus)10(♂9,♀1)只,食蟹猴(Macacafascicularis)10(♂5,♀5)只,各自的体重、身长、腿长、臂长、尾长、胸围、腹围、呼吸频率等生理指标,使用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析,比较各组间的差异。结果:三种猴随年龄增大,体重、胸围和腹围增大,尾长差异显著(P<0.001),藏酋猴性格平静,呼吸频率低于恒河猴和食蟹猴(P<0.001),其它几项测量无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:灵长类猕猴属的同属动物生物学特性有极高一致性,也存在差异性。     

Dietary self-selection and the regulation of protein and energy intake in chicks

Studies were conducted to determine whether chicks could regulate their protein intake independent of total energy intake in self-selection feeding trials. Day-old White Mountain cockerels were reared in electrically-heated battery brooders and given access to either a 23% protein control ration (no choice) or two diets containing 10% or 60% protein with or without supplemental amino acids. The latter were added to either improve the dietary amino acid balance or to alter plasma and brain levels of free large neutral amino acids (tryptophan, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) which have been implicated in the neuroregulation of feed intake. Both feed and water were provided ad lib, and the location of the feed troughs within each pen were changed daily. Body weights and feed intakes were measured daily, and total calorie and protein intakes were calculated. Chicks offered 10% and 60% protein diets with no supplemental amino acids exhibited reduced weight gains and markedly higher protein intakes as compared to birds fed either the control ration or those given a choice between 10% and 60% protein diets supplemented with methionine. The higher protein consumption by chicks fed the unsupplemented diets most likely was a result of an attempt to compensate for a dietary methionine deficiency. Chicks fed the 10% and 60% protein diets supplemented with amino acids grew at a slower rate than those fed the 23% protein control diet. In general, plasma and brain data did not support a proposed relationship between certain large neutral amino acid ratios and protein or energy intake.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of wheat starch processing wastewater on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and immune function in sheep

The objective was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of wheat starch processing wastewater (WSW) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune function in sheep. Eighty male Hu sheep were divided randomly into five treatments. Five groups of sheep were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets containing 0 (M1), 0.5% (M2), 1% (M3), 1.5% (M4) and 2% (M5) WSW, on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. We found that the disappearance for the DM, crude protein (CP), gross energy(GE), ash and organic matter of WSW at 48?h were 62.52%, 64.32%, 65.62%, 55.78%, 62.74%, respectively. The feed:gain (F:G) for M5 was 0.77% and 0.64% less than M1and M3, respectively (P?.05). Serum characteristics (IgA, IgG, IgM and total protein) were not affected by WSW. These results indicated that fed diets containing up to 2% DM of WSW had reduced F:G and increased CP digestibility.     

Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies

Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by 90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from 33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285 mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals. Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences. Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding, while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent after feeding.     

Degeneration of aortic smooth muscle cells in swine fed excess vitamin D3.

Twenty-eight weanling swine were divided into two groups and fed a basal ration of corn and soybean meal or one containing a high fat and cholesterol supplement. One subgroup of each received 220,000 IU of vitamin D3 per kilogram. Grossly normal areas of the distal abdominal aorta were used for quantitative comparison of degenerated smooth muscle cells by electron microscopical cell counts. Degeneration was classified into rarefaction, condensation, and frequency per 100 nucleated cells. The frequency of dead cells was demonstrable between the swine fed excess vitamin D3 with or without high fat and cholesterol and those fed the basal ration alone, or frequencies of 7.9, 7.4, and 5.6 at 3 months of age (P less than .05) and 7.3, 6.2, and 5.1 at 6 months (P less than .05), respectively. No significant difference was demonstrable between the swine fed high fat and cholesterol without excess vitamin D3 and those fed the basal ration alone, or frequencies of 5.7 and 5.6 at 3 months of age and 5.5 and 5.1 at 6 months.     

Effects of nutrient intake and sexual age of the dam at mating on fetal development in swine

Fifty-four Duroc gilts (mean wt = 88 kg, mean age = 164 d) were fed a 15% protein diet either ad libitum (F) or at a rate of approximately 50% of ad libitum daily (1.8 kg: L) prior to mating at either second (Exp. 1) or first (Exp. 2) observed estrus. Gilts were checked for estrus twice daily with a mature, active boar, mated at the appropriate estrus, and fed 1.8 kg of the prebreeding diet per gilt daily until slaughter between 42 and 49 days of gestation, mated gilts were slaughtered and measurements taken on fetuses and reproductive organs. In Exp. 1, fetal weight per day of gestational age (FetWDA), placental weight (PLW), crown-to-rump length (CRL) and uterine space per fetus (SP) were greater for fetuses from L gilts than F gilts (all P less than .05) with no difference in number of fetuses (P greater than .05). In Exp. 2, FetWDA was greater for fetuses from F gilts than L gilts (P less than .05), however there was no difference due to level of feeding for PLW, CRL and SP (all P greater than .10). Fetal weight (FW) was highly correlated with CRL indicated that a cubic relationship existed (both r = .97). In both studies, male fetuses grew more rapidly than female fetuses (P less than .05). These studies indicate that pre-breeding nutritional status and sexual age of the dam at conception have differential effects on fetal growth rate, but relationships among FW and CRL are not readily altered by pre-breeding level of feeding or sexual age of the dam at conception.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of the intake of an integral bread formulated with gum from Hymenaea courbaril on the concentrations of blood lipids of patients with mild-moderate dyslipidemia

The seeds of Hymenaea courbaril (Caesalpiniace), a species widely disseminated in Venezuela, produce a clear and soluble gum. The dietetic fiber content (60.7%) of the gum was used as a good criterion for the formulation of integral bread in a diet for dyslipidemia patients. The proximal composition of the integral bread was determined. The product acceptability evaluation was done by a comparison test and by a hedonic scale. The experimental design was carried out with a total of 30 male volunteers with dyslipidemia. They were divided into two groups: Group A was fed with a modified diet, which included bread prepared with the H. courbaril gum; and Group B received the same diet without the gum, based on the American Dietetic Association recommendations. Both groups were maintained on their respective diets for six weeks. The lipid profile was determined in each patient, before starting the diets and after the specified period. The bread formula contained 17.60% protein, 1.19% fat and 0.97% crude fiber, in accordance with standards established by COVENIN. The paired preference test showed grater acceptance of the bread prepared with a gum concentration of 7% and low fat content. Significant decreases in the concentrations of triacylglycerol and VLDL-cholesterol were observed in Group A. These findings suggest a possible use of the H. courbaril gum, as a diet modifier for dyslipidemic patients.     

Oral low-carbohydrate alcohol liquid diet induces experimental steatohepatitis in the rat

The intragastric tube feeding model of alcoholic liver disease in the rat induces significant liver histopathology, including steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The question is, if the same low-carbohydrate diet is fed ad lib, will the same pathology develop? Rats were fed a liquid diet with ethanol ad lib that was low in calories derived from carbohydrates for 2 months. The urinary ethanol levels (UALs) were monitored at hourly, daily, and weekly intervals, and the growth of the rats was charted. The liver histopathology and blood transaminase levels were determined. Rats fed ethanol grew 1 g/day, which was 2 g/day less than when they were fed the same diet intragastrically. UALs varied hourly between 150 and 500 mg%, daily between 120 and 360 mg%, and weekly between 0 and 500 mg%. Individual rat UALs showed no predictable pattern. The pair-fed controls ate all of their daily ration within 12 h, then fasted until the next day. The histopathology and blood alanine aminotransferase were similar to those seen with the intragastric tube feeding of the same diet, except that necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis did not develop. The conclusion was that the oral feeding of a low-carbohydrate diet produces less liver injury than that produced by the same diet fed intragastrically. The UALs varied hourly, daily, and weekly in individual rats, making it difficult to synchronize UALs at the time of sacrifice.