绝经后妇女服用雌激素对牙周病的影响

牙周病是多因素疾病，绝经引起的雌激素水平下降，对牙周病的发生发展有着至关重要的影响。雌激素替代疗法（ERT）在临床上应用已有50余年，雌激素或雌激素加孕激素短期应用，以减轻由雌激素缺乏引起的不适症状，长期应用以预防绝经后妇女经常发生的慢性疾病。本文综合国内外有关文献报道，就ERT对牙周组织的影响进行综述，为临床应用提供参考。     

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目的    评价覆盖义齿中应用不同附着体对基牙牙周健康的影响。 方法    将2006年3月至2008年2 月鞍山市铁东区口腔医院修复科行覆盖义齿修复患者24例分为磁性附着体组、根上附着体组和金属顶盖组,每组8例。分别于戴入义齿即刻（基线）、戴用后1、3、6、12个月测量基牙龈沟液量。结果    3组患者义齿戴入后各期龈沟液量与基线比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。根上附着体组在各时间点检测的龈沟液量差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;而金属顶盖组及磁性附着体组在各时间点检测的龈沟液量差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论    覆盖义齿中应用不同附着体对牙周组织健康有不同程度的影响,根上附着体的影响相对较大,建议临床多使用磁性附着体。     

无托槽隐形矫治器与固定矫治器对牙周影响的研究

目的 本研究通过临床评估使用无托槽隐形矫治器与传统固定矫治器患者的牙周指数变化,比较两种矫治器对牙周健康的影响,判断隐形矫治器是否更有利于口腔卫生和牙周健康维护.方法 临床选取40名成人患者,分为隐形矫治组(Ⅰ组)和固定矫治组(F组),通过测量在其矫治前及佩戴后1、3、6个月中菌斑指数(Plaque Index,PLI)、牙龈指数(Gingiva-Index,GI)及龈沟出血指数(Sulcus Bleeding Index,SBI)等牙周指数变化,对比两种矫治器对牙周健康的影响.结果 隐形矫治组的PLI在治疗中明显低于固定矫治组,但GI及SBI除第一个月有差异外,后期无明显差别.佩戴矫治器后两组的各项指数均高于矫治前.结论 无托槽隐形矫治器在一定程度上仍有碍口腔卫生的维护,但优于传统的固定矫治器,在矫治过程中短期内仍会对牙周组织健康造成一定影响,与传统固定矫治器并无明显差别.     

Influence of periodontal health on probing depth and bleeding tendency

Abstract This study investigates the effect of initial treatment on 1) probing force related to probing depth, 2) the attachment level, 3) the position of the gingival margin and 4) the clinical signs of color and change of contour of the gingiva in relation to the bleeding tendency of a pocket. It also addresses the question of whether, in deep inflamed periodontal pockets, the tip of the probe is located at the attachment level when a probing force of 0.75N is used, as has already been shown in pockets related to noninflamed gingival margins. Four different probing forces are used: 0.15N, 0.25N, 0.50N and 0.75N and results show an increasing probing depth with an increasing probing force, both before and after treatment. Initial treatment results in a decrease of mean probing depth but the change is dependent on the applied probing force. The mean probing depth reduction decreased from 1.71 mm (assessed with 0.15N) to 1.24 mm (assessed with 0.75N). Since results from this and a previous study indicate that both before and after treatment the tip of the probe is located at the attachment level when a probing force of 0.75N is used, it may be postulated that the reduction of mean probe-tip level measurements (= probing depth measurement from a fixed point) reflects a degree of connective tissue reattachment. Patients in the initial treatment study were selected on the basis of obvious redness and swelling of the gingiva. After treatment, both of these symptoms almost disappear, whereas the Periodontal Pocket Bleeding Index (P. P. B. I.) decreases only from 0.87 before treatment, to 0.45 after treatment.     

Self-assessed and clinically diagnosed periodontal health status among patients visiting the outpatient department of a dental school in Bangalore, India

Background: The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to assess the extent of agreement between clinical and self-assessed periodontal health status among patients visiting the outpatient department of M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore, India. Materials and Methods: The study population included 216 patients aged between 20 and 44 years who attended the outpatient department of the M.S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bangalore. The study population was subjected to a self-administered questionnaire (questions regarding bleeding gums, deposits on teeth, receding gums, swelling of gums, loose teeth), which was followed by periodontal examination. The clinical examination included an assessment of the periodontal condition, using the criteria of Loe and Silness Gingival Index, the Community Periodontal Index, and Mobility, respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that the perceived periodontal health status was low and the discrepancy between the subjectively and objectively assessed needs was very distinct. The awareness of the periodontal problems has been reported to increase with increasing severity of the disease due to the destructive changes that set in.     

金属烤瓷修复体对牙周组织健康的影响及保护

金属烤瓷修复体技术,目前已经在口腔修复临床中被广泛应用.同时,也出现了很多令人关注的问题,如固位力差,瓷裂,瓷剥脱及基牙继发病变.本文将重点从金属烤瓷修复体对牙周组织健康的影响及防护等方面进行综述,为临床应用提供参考.     

Influence of osteoporosis on the oral health of menopausal women

This article presents current research data that describe the etiology and prevalence of factors associated with osteoporosis and its manifestations in the oral cavity. To educate their patients, dentists should be knowledgeable about the oral manifestations of osteoporosis and should collaborate with other health care providers to reduce the possible destructive effects of osteoporosis on their patients' oral health.     

Influence of long-term dispensary stomatologic care of adults on the epidemiology of periodontal diseases

Epidemiological examinations using the GPM/T-index and the CPITN were conducted on 400 subjects of the age group 50-59 years for monitoring the periodontal status. All subjects had a percentage of 30% with Code 4, but the patients under stomatological dispensatory care had more natural teeth and less teeth with pockets.     

Pregnancy and periodontal health. Study of 133 pregnant women]

The pregnancy is a modified physiological state having consequences on the buccal sphere generally and on the periodontal tissues in particular. We proceeded to the periodontal exam of 133 pregnant women; in spite of a relatively acceptable hygiene, 73.7% of them present periodontal changes. These changes concern especially the superficial periodontal. We did not observe the presence of deep pockets periodontal. It emerges of our study that neither the period of pregnancy, nor the parity have influence in the importance of the periodontal hurts.     

The influence of general health and socio-cultural variables on the periodontal condition of pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: There has been speculation as to whether hormonal changes during pregnancy or pre-existing conditions of general, oral, and dental health and socio-cultural background have a greater impact on the development of periodontal disease during pregnancy. METHODS: This study evaluates the periodontal status of 130 pregnant women (plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) and its relationship to demographic (age, professional level, education, and urban or rural residence) and clinical variables (gestation period, previous pregnancy, health status, previous live births, previous periodontal maintenance). The hospital in which the study was conducted was selected during a prior pilot study. All records were compiled by the same trained examiner with a calibrated manual probe. Statistical tests used were ANOVA and ANCOVA. RESULTS: Results showed a mean plaque index of 58.7+/-2.79%, which increased with statistical significance when the professional level was lower (P <0.014), education was lower (P <0.01), previous periodontal maintenance was less frequent (P <0.00001) and patients lived in rural areas (P <0.0003). The mean bleeding index was 68.8+/-2.44% and was significant in relation to lower professional level (P <0.025), less frequent previous periodontal maintenance (P <0.029), and an urban residence (P <0.0011). A mean clinical attachment level of 0.84+/-0.65 mm was observed and was related significantly with age (26 to 30 years) (P <0.001) and the third trimester of gestation period (P <0.0025). The mean probing depth was 1.71+/-0.3 mm, which related significantly with age (36 to 42 years) (P <0.0002), lower professional level (P <0.0013), rural residence (P <0.0025), 2 or more previous live births (P <0.0001), and non-attendance for previous periodontal maintenance (P <0.0023). Using ANCOVA testing and adjusting by age, the differences relating to previous live births disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Gingivitis due to accumulation of plaque was the most characteristic periodontal condition in this sample and was related to professional level, level of education, and previous periodontal maintenance. These results illustrate the importance of establishing periodontal preventive measures for pregnant women, even though their demographic and clinical characteristics do not differ from those of the general population.     

Evaluation of the utilization of complex periodontal care in an industrialized country with a national health insurance

This paper presents an analysis of the utilization of periodontal care, subject to prior agreement, over a period of 3 months. It concerns insured persons covered by the Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie de Lyon, which represents 5 per cent of the French population. It details 516 cases. The mean (+/- SD) age of the persons requiring care was 43 +/- 12.6 years; their dental health was good, and 58 per cent were women. The nature and geographical locality of the periodontal treatments are given and 1323 procedures are listed, with a high proportion of gingivectomies and flap operations.     

Correlation of tooth mobility with systemic bone mineral density and periodontal status in Indian women

Imbalanced bone remodelling associated with osteopaenic or osteoporotic conditions can lead to a net bone loss throughout the skeleton, including the oral cavity, possibly leading to tooth mobility. This study investigated possible associations between systemic bone mineral density and both tooth mobility and periodontal status in peri-menopausal women. Subjects comprised 119 dentate, peri-menopausal Indian women between 40 and 54 years old. Clinical parameters recorded were systemic bone mineral density (BMD), tooth mobility in terms of Periotest value (PTV score), clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI) and sulcular bleeding index (SBI). Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations between PTV score and T-score. PTV score correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with T-score, PD and CAL. The partial correlation coefficient between PTV score and T-score after adjusting for confounders was -0.3676 (P < 0.05). Results of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between mean PTV scores for osteoporotic, osteopaenic and normal patients. In this population of peri-menopausal women, systemic bone mineral density represented an independent factor associated with tooth mobility.     

Relationship of metabolic syndrome to periodontal disease in Japanese women: the Hisayama Study

Recent studies have suggested that several systemic conditions--such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes--are related to periodontitis. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between periodontitis and 5 components of metabolic syndrome--abdominal obesity, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar level--in 584 Japanese women. In multivariate analyses, persons exhibiting more components of metabolic syndrome had significantly higher odds ratios for a greater pocket depth and clinical attachment loss than did those with no components; the odds ratios for a greater pocket depth and clinical attachment loss of the persons exhibiting 4 or 5 components were 6.6 (95% confidence interval = 2.6-16.4) and 4.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.2-14.8), respectively. These results indicate that metabolic syndrome increases risk of periodontitis, and suggest that people exhibiting several components of metabolic syndrome should be encouraged to undergo a periodontal examination.     

牙科焦虑症对孕妇口腔健康状况的影响

目的：探讨牙科焦虑症对孕妇口腔健康状况的影响。方法：采用改良的牙科焦虑量表（MDAS）对安徽医科大学第一附属医院产科住院生产的542名孕妇进行调查,分析牙科焦虑症对其口腔健康状况的影响。结果：542名孕妇中,牙科焦虑程度较高者（MDAS≥15分）168例,牙科焦虑程度较低者（MDAS＜15分）374例,两组间患龋率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;但牙科焦虑程度较高组的龋失补牙数（DMFT）和社区牙周指数（CPI）均高于牙科焦虑程度较低组,组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：牙科焦虑症可能对孕妇的口腔健康产生有害影响。