SARS-CoV-2流行和血液安全

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)是引起新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-9)的病原体,主要经呼吸道传播,但在部分感染个体的血液中也可检测出病毒的RNA.本文就SARS-CoV-2经输血传播的风险及预防措施,SARS-CoV-2流行对血液供应的影响及其对策作了评述.     

3例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者外周血CD4~+T淋巴细胞和CD4~+/CD8~+比值变化

正新型冠状病毒肺炎原名为新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎,是2019年底开始在国内流行的按甲类传染病管理的乙类呼吸道传染病,主要通过呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播。2020年1月30日世界卫生组织(WHO)将新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情列为国际关注的突发卫生公共事件~([1])。新型冠状病毒肺炎病原体是一种人类从前没有发现的新型冠状病毒~([2]),患者CT影像学检查结果表现出病毒性肺炎特征,患者咽拭子标本新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性,外周血白细胞计数正     

高龄危重型新冠肺炎的临床护理

冠状病毒多次爆发流行,2003年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV),2012年中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV),2019年12月以来,出现了多例由新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎患者,该病毒具有高度传染性,是一种急性感染性肺炎、严重的呼吸系统疾病[1]。其主要传播途径是通过呼吸道飞沫、接触传播,以发热、干咳、乏力、呼吸困难为主要临床表现,分为轻型、普通型、重型和危重型[2]。     

北京市海淀区新型冠状病毒肺炎患者及其家庭成员呼吸道病原谱研究

目的 分析北京市海淀区新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者及其家庭成员中常见呼吸道病原体的流行情况,比较混合感染患者与只感染新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)患者的疾病严重程度差异.方法 使用多重荧光定量PCR方法对2020年1-6月北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心检测的所有COVID-19患者及其家庭成员同期采集的...     

1例疑似危重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理

正新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19),是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)感染后引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病[1]。呼吸道飞沫和密切接触是其主要的传播途径,也可经消化道传播,存在经气溶胶传播的可能,在粪便及尿中可分离出新型冠状病毒。其临床表现以发热、乏力、干咳为主,     

援鄂医疗队整建制接管新型冠状病毒肺炎隔离病区的应急护理管理经验

正2019年12月以来,全世界陆续发现了多例不明原因的肺炎患者,从患者下呼吸道分离出来的冠状病毒为一种新型冠状病毒,国际病毒分类委员会命名其为严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-Cov-2),其传播途径主要是经呼吸道飞沫和接触传播[1-2]。由于此次新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称"新冠肺炎")累及患者广,传播速度快,武汉成为重灾区,需要大量的医疗资源,全国各地纷纷派出医疗队支援武汉。浙江大学医学院附属第一医院作为浙江省收治新冠肺炎患者的三甲定点医院,积累了丰     

对α-干扰素雾化治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的认识

2019年武汉新型冠状病毒肺炎(Novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP,即Corona Virus Disease-2019,COVID-19)是继严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS)、中东呼吸综合征(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome,MERS)之后严重威胁人类生命健康的呼吸道传播性疾病,三者的病原体同属β类冠状病毒,但新型冠状病毒的传染性远较SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV强,引起世界卫生组织的高度重视,并宣布其构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。虽然COVID-19病死率较低,但由于缺乏特效药物,仍面临巨大的治疗挑战。干扰素(IFN)具有广谱抗病毒作用,对多种冠状病毒具有明显的抑制作用。国家卫生健康委员会发布的新型冠状病毒肺炎诊治方案(试用版)中多次提出试用IFN-α雾化吸入治疗COVID-19。本文将从IFN类型、作用机理、雾化治疗机制、现有IFN治疗冠状病毒感染的证据入手,对IFN-α雾化治疗COVID-19进行综述。     

ECMO联合CRRT救治新冠肺炎患者的护理体会

正新冠肺炎是一种急性感染性肺炎,其病原体是一种先前未在人类中发现的新型冠状病毒,主要的传播途径是经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播,人感染后潜伏期为1～14 d,潜伏期具有传染性,患者初始症状多为发热、乏力和干咳,并逐渐出现呼吸困难等严重表现。多数患者预后良好,部分严重病例可出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征或脓毒症休克,甚至死亡。目前,缺乏针对病原体的有效抗病毒药物,以隔离治疗、对症支持治疗为主~([1])。     

新冠肺炎疫情对检验医学教育的启示

新型冠状病毒肺炎是一种呼吸道传染病,是当前威胁全球的重大公共卫生事件.及时识别新型冠状病毒肺炎的病原体,是精准治疗和精准防控的关键.检验医学对新型冠状病毒肺炎的早期诊断起非常重要的作用,但检验人员在疫情防控过程中存在生物安全认识不足、生物信息分析能力不够和临床知识储备不足等问题,因此在检验医学的教学过程中应加强此方面的...     

高致病性甲型H1N1流感1例的抢救与护理

甲型H1N1流感为急性呼吸道传染病,其病原体是一种新型的甲型H1N1流感病毒。人感染甲流后的早期症状与普通流感相似,部分患者病情可迅速发展,甚至继发严重肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、肺出血、胸腔积液、全身血细胞减少、肾功能衰竭、败血症、休克及Reye综合征、呼吸衰竭及多器官损伤，导致死亡。患者原有的基础疾病亦可加重。     

Clinical features and potential mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019-associated liver injury

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has posed a serious threat to global public health security. With the increase in the number of confirmed cases globally, the World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of COVID-19 an international public health emergency. Despite atypical pneumonia as the primary symptom, liver dysfunction has also been observed in many clinical cases and is associated with the mortality risk in patients with COVID-19, like severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Here we will provide a schematic overview of the clinical characteristics and the possible mechanisms of liver injury caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, which may provide help for optimizing the management of liver injury and reducing mortality in COVID-19 patients.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎临床及影像学研究进展

近期暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)主要引起呼吸道感染,严重时出现全身各系统并发症,甚至死亡,严重威胁全球公共卫生安全。由于NCP具有传染性较强、人群普遍易感等特点,正确认识其临床及影像学特点对临床诊治和管理具有重要意义。本文就新型冠状病毒肺炎的病原学、流行病学、临床诊治等方面研究进展作一综述,特别对其不同分期CT影像学特征进行分析。     

Distinctive features of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is among the most important public health crises of our generation. Despite the promise of prevention offered by effective vaccines, patients with severe COVID-19 will continue to populate hospitals and intensive care units for the foreseeable future. The most common clinical presentation of severe COVID-19 is hypoxemia and respiratory failure, typical of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Whether the clinical features and pathobiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia differ from those of pneumonia secondary to other pathogens is unclear. This uncertainty has created variability in the application of historically proven therapies for ARDS to patients with COVID-19. We review the available literature and find many similarities between patients with ARDS from pneumonia attributable to SARS-CoV-2 versus other respiratory pathogens. A notable exception is the long duration of illness among patients with COVID-19, which could result from its unique pathobiology. Available data support the use of care pathways and therapies proven effective for patients with ARDS, while pointing to unique features that might be therapeutically targeted for patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.     

COVID-19 and liver diseases,what we know so far

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia outbreak started in December 2019. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constitutes a pandemic, and as of May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 167.3 million patients, including 3.4 million deaths, reported to WHO. In this review, we will focus on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the liver. We will discuss how chronic liver diseases affect the COVID-19 disease course and outcomes. We will also discuss the SARS-CoV-2 effects on the liver, mechanisms of acute liver injury, and potential management plans.     

瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的研究进展

2019年12月,由2019新型冠状病毒(2019-novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)感染导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)于我国武汉暴发,成为全球近十几年来,继严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)和中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS)之后第3次暴发的冠状病毒疫情。本次COVID-19疫情传播迅速、广泛,病毒传染性强,但目前尚无针对2019-nCoV的特异性药物。瑞德西韦(remdesivir)属于核苷类似物抗病毒药,在细胞实验和动物模型上均显示出抗SARS-CoV和抗MERS-CoV活性,且在治疗埃博拉病毒感染的多中心随机对照临床试验中未见明显不良反应。因此,该药被认为是治疗2019-nCoV感染极有潜力的药物。本文对瑞德西韦治疗CoV感染的研发历程和潜在临床应用作一综述。     

全球冠状病毒研究态势分析及其启示

2019年12月发生于中国武汉的不明原因肺炎最终被确定是一种新型冠状病毒感染所致,后者暂被命名为2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)。冠状病毒是一个大型病毒家族,可诱发禽类、哺乳动物和人类的诸多疾病,包括2003年严重急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)、2012年中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS)等。近20年来,全球科学家已开展了一系列冠状病毒相关的传播机制及致病机制等各方面研究。本文基于文献计量学、引文分析和知识图谱等方法,分析了全球冠状病毒研究的现状和趋势,梳理了冠状病毒相关研究的知识脉络,为当下及今后冠状病毒所致疾病的防控提供参考。     

The inactivation mechanism of chemical disinfection against SARS-CoV-2: from MD and DFT perspectives

Exploring effective disinfection methods and understanding their mechanisms on the new coronavirus is becoming more active due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By combining molecular dynamics and first-principles calculations, we investigate the interaction mechanism of chemical agents with 3CL hydrolase of SARS-CoV-2. The radial distribution functions indicate that the biocidal ingredients are sensitive to the unsaturated oxygen atoms of 3CL hydrolase and their interactions remarkably depend on the concentration of the biocidal ingredients. Besides, we find that the adsorption performance of the active ingredients for the unsaturated oxygen atoms is superior to other styles of atoms. These computational results not only decipher the inactivation mechanism of chemical agents against SARS-CoV-2 from the molecule-level perspective, but also provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of new chemical methods with a high disinfection efficiency.

Exploring effective disinfection methods and understanding their mechanisms on the new coronavirus is becoming more active due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).     

Healthy neonate born to a SARS-CoV-2 infected woman: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered coronavirus that has generated a worldwide outbreak of infections. Many people with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have developed severe illness, and a significant number have died. However, little is known regarding infection by the novel virus in pregnant women. We herein present a case of COVID-19 confirmed in a woman delivering a neonate who was negative for SARS-CoV-2 and related it to a review of the literature on pregnant women and human coronavirus infections.CASE SUMMARYThe patient was a 36-year-old pregnant woman in her third trimester who had developed progressive clinical symptoms when she was confirmed as infected with SARS-CoV-2. Given the potential risks for both the pregnant woman and the fetus, an emergency cesarean section was performed, and the baby and his mother were separately quarantined and cared for. As a result, the baby currently shows no signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection (his lower respiratory tract samples were negative for the virus), while the mother completely recovered from COVID-19.CONCLUSIONAlthough we presented a single case, the successful result is of great significance for pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and with respect to fully understanding novel coronavirus pneumonia.     

Remarkable gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19: A clinical and radiologic overview

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raging around the world still has not been effectively controlled in most countries and regions. As a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, in addition to the most common infectious pneumonia, it can also cause digestive system disease such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, liver function damage, etc. In medical imaging, it manifests as thickening of the intestinal wall, intestinal perforation, pneumoperitoneum, ascites and decreased liver density. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has great significance in COVID-19-related digestive tract diseases. In this review, we summarized the data on the clinical and imaging manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver injury caused by COVID-19 so far and explored its possible pathogenesis.