儿童口腔科普短剧健康教育对10岁儿童口腔保健知信行的效果评价

目的 评价儿童口腔科普短剧健康教育对10岁儿童口腔保健知信行（KAP）,即知识（knowledge）、态度（attitude）、行为（practice）3个方面的影响,为探索建立一种适应新时期的儿童口腔健康教育方式提供依据。方法 拍摄制作儿童口腔科普短剧。以上海市闵行区某小学校10岁儿童为研究对象,入组时、入组1个月在校园内组织观看短剧,进行健康教育。使用自行设计的调查问卷,在入组时、入组1个月及入组6个月时分别进行对应的口腔保健KAP调查。采用SPSS 21.0软件包对调查结果进行配对t检验和χ²检验。结果 174例研究对象完成随访。干预前,研究对象的口腔保健知识、态度、行为得分分别为（21.02±12.54）分、（74.48±19.87）分和（31.90±22.39）分,第1个月时分别为（57.05±17.56）分、（85.06±14.97）分和（55.03±29.32）分,第6个月时分别为（71.76±16.27）分、（91.49±12.40）分和（73.99±27.46）分,与干预前相比,均有显著提高（P<0.001）。在干预前,不同性别间的KAP分值无显著差异,1个月、6个月时的知识和行为得分男生显著低于女生（P<0.05）。结论 通过儿童口腔科普短剧进行学校口腔健康教育,对提高10岁儿童口腔保健KAP具有良好效果,重复开展的效果更好。     

Osteoporosis and oral infection: independent risk factors for oral bone loss

Studies have suggested that oral bone loss is independently influenced by local and systemic factors, including osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study of 1256 post-menopausal women, recruited from the Buffalo center of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, evaluated the influence of oral infection and age on the associations between osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Systemic bone density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Alveolar crestal height was measured from standardized dental radiographs. Oral infection was assessed from subgingival plaque samples. Total forearm density [beta (SE)= -0.931 (0.447), p=0.038] and presence of Tannerella forsythensis [beta (SE)=0.125 (0.051), p=0.015] were independently associated with mean alveolar height among women aged <70 years after confounder adjustment. Women aged 70+ years had worse oral bone loss, in general, but neither bone density nor oral infection was significantly associated with mean alveolar height in this age group. Systemic bone density and oral infection independently influenced oral bone loss in post-menopausal women aged <70 years.     

Epstein-Barr virus in tobacco-induced oral cancers and oral lesions in patients from India

D'Costa J, Saranath D, Sanghvi V, Mehta AR: Epstein-Barr virus in tobacco-induced oral cancers and oral lesions in patients from India. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 78–82. © Munksgaard, 1998.
We examined 103 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 100 oral lesions consisting primarily of leukoplakia (82 cases), and 76 clinically normal mucosa specimens from the contralateral site in the oral cavity of individuals with oral lesions, for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 239 bp fragment of the BamHIL region of the EBV genome, followed by Southern blot hybridization with EBV oligonucleotide probe to increase further the specificity and sensitivity of the assay system. Since EBV seropositivity is frequent in populations, we also examined the peripheral blood cells (PBC) from 141 patients (50 oral cancer patients, 91 patients with oral lesions) for the presence of EBV We detected EBV in 25 of 103 (25%) OSCC, 13 of 100 (13%) oral lesions, 3 of 76 (4%) clinically normal mucosa samples and 10 of 141 (7%) PBC. Our results indicate that EBV may contribute as one of the multiple factors in oral cancers, in a certain proportion of Indian patients.     

口腔疣状癌与口腔鳞癌中PTTG1 mRNA表达的对比研究

目的：研究垂体肿瘤转化基因-1（Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1,PTTG1）在口腔疣状癌中的表达,并与口腔鳞癌（OSCC）作比较,探讨其在口腔疣状癌及OSCC中发生发展中的作用。方法采用逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）技术分别检测口腔疣状癌和OSCC中PTTG1 mRNA相对含量,并取自身的癌旁黏膜和正常口腔黏膜作比较。结果：PTTG1在疣状癌和无淋巴结转移的高分化SCC的癌组织、正常黏膜和癌旁黏膜中均有不同程度的表达,但这种表达无显著差异（P〉0.05）;在有淋巴结转移的高分化SCC中,PTTG1的表达在癌组织和癌旁黏膜比正常黏膜有增高的趋势,中分化SCC中这种增高趋势更为明显,但统计学上均无显著意义（P〉0.05）。PTTG1在口腔疣状癌、无淋巴结转移的高分化SCC、有淋巴结转移的高分化SCC及中分化SCC四组癌组织中的表达呈现依次增加的趋势,其中口腔疣状癌的表达低于中分化SCC（P〈0.05）,而与高分化SCC无差别（P〉0.05）。结论：在口腔疣状癌,PTTG1的表达与高分化SCC一致,但低于中分化SCC,从总体上说明口腔疣状癌的生物学行为比中分化SCC好,而与高分化SCC一致;PTTG1与口腔疣状癌的发生可能无关,但可能参与了SCC的发生发展过程。     

Adolescents' sense of coherence, oral health status, and oral health-related behaviours

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and oral health. It was hypothesised that subjects with better oral health status and better oral health-related behaviours have higher levels of SOC. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Goiania-GO, Middle-West Brazil, on a sample of 664 15-year-olds randomly selected from schools. Data were collected through questionnaires, the short version of Antonovsky's SOC Scale (13-item) and clinical dental examinations. Multiple logistic regression and polytomous ordered regression were used in the data analysis. Two sets of outcome variables were selected for the analyses: oral health status (dental caries, oral cleanliness, and periodontal disease), and oral health-related behaviours (frequency of sugar intake, toothbrushing frequency, and pattern of dental attendance). RESULTS: Adolescents' SOC was associated with their caries experience in anterior teeth (OR=0.81 for 10 units increase in SOC scale; 95% CI=0.66-0.98), but the relationship did not remain significant after controlling for other factors. Adolescents with higher SOC were less likely to visit the dentist mainly when in trouble, compared with those with lower SOC (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.71-0.98), or equivalently more likely to visit for mainly check-ups. Other measures of oral health status and behaviours were not significantly associated with SOC. CONCLUSION: SOC was identified as a psychosocial determinant of adolescents' oral health-related behaviour, particularly affecting their pattern of dental attendance.     

Use of oral health services and adult oral health in Finland.

This paper describes changes in use of oral health services and oral health in Finnish adults. The figures are taken from the Mini-Finland study of people aged 30 years or over (1980), a study of the oral health of persons aged 35 to 64 years old in the J?ms? Health Centre region (1990), and a study on the oral health of people aged 65 or over in the Varkaus region (1990). In 1980 one-third of Finnish adults aged 30 years or over visited a dentist at least once every two years. In 1990, 41% of the population between 35 and 64 years old visited a dentist at least once every two years. Among those aged 65 or over, however, most subjects visited a dentist only if they had an acute dental problem. An oral health check-up was the reason given for their last dental visit by 25% of adults in 1980. The percentage was slightly greater in 1990. Regular use of oral health services was reflected in better oral health. Occurrence of dental caries correlated strongly with use of oral health services. In 1980 only 4% of Finnish adults had a healthy periodontium. There was no marked improvement in 1990 in periodontal health. The most radical positive development was observed in relation to degree of periodontal loss. Despite some positive development, the association between oral health and use of oral health services has remained unchanged. The results support encouragement of an oral health check-up at least once every two years.     

Oral health‐related quality of life,oral aesthetics and oral function in head and neck cancer patients after oral rehabilitation

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is diagnosed in more than 500 000 patients every year worldwide with increasing prevalence. Oral rehabilitation is often needed after HNC treatment to regain oral function, aesthetics and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objectives were to evaluate OHRQoL, oral aesthetics and oral function after oral rehabilitation in HNC patients and compare it to that of non‐HNC patients. Eighteen patients treated for HNC who subsequently had oral rehabilitation (2014‐2017), and a control group of eighteen age‐ and gender‐matched non‐HNC patients treated with removable prostheses (2014‐2018) were included in a cross‐sectional study. The OHRQoL was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 questionnaire (OHIP‐49), the oral aesthetics by the Prosthetic Esthetic Index (PEI) and the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES), and the oral function by the Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening (NOT‐S). The HNC patients had worse oral function and OHRQoL than the control patients (mean NOT‐S score 4.56 vs 0.56, P < 0.01 and mean OHIP‐49 score 42.50 vs 20.94, P = 0.050). When including number of replaced teeth and type of prosthesis in the tests, no significant difference in OHRQoL was found between the groups. No difference was found in the overall aesthetic outcomes (mean PEI total score 32.28 vs 30.67, P = 0.367 and mean OES total score 48.78 vs 53.56, P = 0.321). Multiple regression analyses showed that being HNC patient compared to control patient impaired the oral function. Oral function is significantly impaired in HNC patients compared to non‐HNC patients after oral rehabilitation.     

Prevalence of oral leukoplakia in 1000 Berliners

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral leukoplakia and other oral white lesions in an urban population of non-referred patients to a department of oral surgery in the city of Berlin.
DESIGN: A total of 1000 patients over the age of 16 were evaluated for oral leukoplakia and other oral white lesions. Age, sex, and smoking as well as alcohol habits were recorded.
RESULTS: Of 506 men (50.6%) and 494 women (49.4%), 0.9% showed oral leukoplakia. Men were more frequently affected (I.6%) than women (0.2%). Patients of older age groups were more frequently affected than younger patients. Other white oral lesions were recorded such as leukoedema (8.3%), smoker's palate (0.I%), frictional white lesions (2.6%) and lichen planus (0.6%) with equal distribution between men and women.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of oral leukoplakia in this limited group of urban patients was low, however comparable to that of other neighbouring west European countries. Association with tobacco and alcohol consumption was demonstrated as in most other studies.     

Gingival involvement in oral paracoccidioidomycosis

BACKGROUND: Paracoccidioidomycosis, a deep mycosis endemic in parts of Latin America, often presents with oral lesions involving the gingiva. Nevertheless, the periodontal literature is devoid of references to oral paracoccidioidomycosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gingival involvement in oral paracoccidioidomycosis and to contrast clinical and histopathologic diagnosis of the disease. Differential diagnosis and management of oral paracoccidioidomycosis were reviewed. METHODS: From January 1995 to October 2006, the files of the Oral Pathology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Alfenas Federal University, were reviewed to identify cases referred because of a clinical diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis. Data collected included patient demographics (age, gender, race, and occupation), clinical information (oral lesion location), and histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Forty-six cases were identified, and 34 were histopathologically confirmed as paracoccidioidomycosis. Of the remaining 12 cases, one-half were diagnosed as either carcinoma or dysplastic leukoplakia. Of the 34 confirmed paracoccidioidomycosis cases, 45% presented with multiple site involvement, whereas the gingiva/alveolar process was the most prevalent site overall (52%). The gingiva/alveolar process was the most prevalent site in both multiple and single site cases. The majority of patients were men (88%), white (75%), and in their fourth decade of life (47%). Statistical analysis revealed that patients with gingival/alveolar process involvement were demographically indistinguishable from those without. CONCLUSIONS: Oral paracoccidioidomycosis has a strong predilection for the gingiva, whereas patients with gingival lesions do not differ from patients lacking such involvement. Early diagnosis of gingival/oral lesions may prevent life-threatening complications of this mycosis.     

口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌中Stat3的表达及意义

目的研究口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中细胞信号传导和转录激活因子(Stat3)的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化方法分别检测9例正常口腔黏膜,口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)和白斑(OLK)共8例,OLP、OLK伴异常增生22例,OSCC19例中Stat3的表达。结果Stat3阳性表达分布于细胞质和细胞核内。正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生、异常增生和OSCC中Stat3阳性表达率分别为11.11%(1/9)、12.50%(1/8)、59.09%(13/22)和84.21%(16/19)。OSCC与正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生、异常增生相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);异常增生与正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);而单纯增生和正常口腔黏膜相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论Stat3与口腔黏膜癌变的发生发展有着密切关系,对Stat3表达的研究将有助于口腔黏膜癌前病变癌变的检测和OSCC的早期诊断。     

口腔黏膜病患者口腔念珠菌感染情况的分析

目的 分析了解口腔黏膜病患者感染白念珠菌的情况。方法 收集2019年就诊于口腔黏膜科并进行白念珠菌培养的2 289 例患者,收集其基本信息、临床资料及实验室检查情况。按年龄分组:0～16岁(1组,38例),17～29岁(2组,181例),30～39岁(3组,274例),40～49岁(4组,325例),50～59岁(5组,535例),60～69岁(6组,540例),70岁及以上(7组,396例)。结果 白念珠菌总感染率为 30.6%,且女性患者感染率高于男性(33.1% vs.25.1%,P<0.05)。随着年龄的增长,白念珠菌感染率总体是上升的,且第6、7组感染率明显高于第2、3、4、5组(P<0.05)。除了口腔念珠菌病本身,唇舌疾病及口腔斑纹类疾病中最容易检测出白念珠菌,且白念珠菌的阳性检出与唇舌疾病、干燥综合征、口腔斑纹类疾病等相关。在同时进行白念珠菌培养及真菌镜检且白念珠菌培养阳性的患者中,真菌镜检阳性为50例,阳性率为35.5%。对白念珠菌培养阳性患者进行制霉素片及2%～3%碳酸氢钠溶液的局部治疗,其药物有效率为81.36%。结论 口腔念珠菌病更容易发生于60岁以上老年女性;且与系统性疾病、口腔斑纹类疾病相关。制霉素片联合2%～3%碳酸氢钠溶液局部治疗口腔念珠菌病效果尚可。     

Betel quid-associated oral lesions and oral Candida species in a female Cambodian cohort

BACKGROUND: Betel quid chewing (BQC) is still prevalent among elderly Cambodian women and is associated with a wide variety of oral mucosal lesions. BQC has also been associated with a reduced rate of dental caries and changes in the oral microbiological flora. METHODS: Since no studies were available on the impact of BQC on the oral carriage of Candida species, in this study oral swabs (Fungiquick, Hain Diagnostika, Germany) were taken from the tongue and palate of 48 Cambodian women with BQC habit (study group) and 13 control subjects without BQC habit (control group) to determine the spectrum of Candida species in these two groups. In addition, we investigated lesions of the oral mucosa likely to be associated with BQC habit in both study and control groups. RESULTS: The median duration of BQC was 10 years (range 10 months-30 years). The following oral lesions were found in the study group: betel chewer's mucosa (85.4%), oral leukoplakia (8.3%), leukoedema (37.5%) and oral lichen planus (4.2%). Oral candidiasis was seen neither in BQ-chewers nor in controls. Candida spp. were found in 70.8% of the cases (controls 69.2%). Whilst C. albicans was isolated from 27.1% of the study cohort, C. tropicalis was the second most common isolate. One control case was colonised by C. dubliniensis--the first report of this organism from a Cambodian population. There was no significant difference in the candidal carriage rate or the Candida species isolated between the study and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Mycological findings from the present study do not indicate that BQC has a significant effect on oral colonisation by Candida species.     

Relationship between oral motor dysfunction and oral bacteria in bedridden elderly

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between oral bacterial colonization and oral motor dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN: Oral motor dysfunction (swallowing and speech disorders) and detection of oral bacterial species from dental plaque in 55 elderly persons who had remained hospitalized for more than 3 months were investigated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were significantly higher in subjects with than in those without a swallowing disorder. A similar result was found with regard to the presence of a speech disorder. About half of subjects who had oral motor dysfunction and hypoalbuminemia had colonization by MRSA and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the combination of oral motor dysfunction and hypoalbminemia elevated the risk of opportunistic microorganisms colonization in the oral cavity of elderly patients hospitalized over the long term.     

口腔粘膜下纤维化、白斑及鳞癌上皮细胞内皮素1表达的定量分析

目的 :探讨内皮素 (ET 1)在口腔癌变发病机制中的作用和意义。方法 :采用免疫组化染色SABC法和图象分析技术 ,对人口腔粘膜下纤维化 (OSF) 10例、白斑 (OLK) 9例、鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 14例及正常口腔粘膜(NOR) 10例的上皮细胞ET 1表达进行定量分析。结果 :①ET 1在OSF、OLK、SCC组织中的表达增强 ,阳性颗粒主要位于上皮棘细胞、基底细胞的胞浆胞膜上。ET 1表达阳性率和含量显著高于正常对照 (P <0 .0 1)。②OLK、SCC上皮细胞ET 1含量呈显著增加趋势 (P <0 .0 5 )。③OSF上皮细胞ET 1含量显著高于OLK(P <0 .0 5 ) ,与SCC相比无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :ET 1含量在口腔癌前病变至癌变过程中可能存在一种量变关系 ,OSF中ET 1过量表达可能提示其上皮细胞的癌变潜能 ,ET 1与OSF、OLK、SCC的发生发展密切相关     

Systemic hematogenous dissemination of mouse oral candidiasis is induced by oral mucositis

The causes of fungemia include immunosuppression and neutropenia stemming from diverse factors as well as the placement of central venous catheters. However, the relationship between fungemia and the oral cavity has not been substantiated. In this study, we explored the pathological conditions of Candida albicans—derived oral candidiasis in a mouse model, which always develops oral mucositis as a complication. In oral candidiasis, the hyphae of C. albicans are believed to primarily invade the stratum granulosum, but not the subepithelium, of the mucous membrane. We provide histological evidence that in concomitant oral mucositis, the hyphae infiltrate the subepithelium and blood vessels. Blood cultures and tissue samples revealed the onset of fungemia only in the mucositis-induced groups. Positive numbers of colony-forming units were found in groups A (chemotherapy), B (chemotherapy?+?mucositis) and C (mucositis), but were highest in group B. Some organs revealed positive CFU in groups B and C. The presence of fungal DNA in blood plasma and tissue was confirmed by PCR. The fungal DNA frequency was significantly higher in the mucositis group when compared with the non-mucositis group. The results suggest that fungi first invade the subepithelium and then the blood vessels, from which they disseminate throughout the body, and that oral mucositis is an important risk factor for fungemia. This study clearly demonstrates the relationship between oral mucositis, fungemia, and the potential systemic fungal dissemination, which has not been previously proven. Our findings highlight the importance of oral care for patients at risk of fungemia.     

Aetiological factors for oral manifestations of HIV

OBJECTIVES: Describe the oral diseases in HIV-infected individuals in London, UK and identify social and medical factors related to the presence of specific oral diseases.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytic study.
SETTING: Dental clinics.
SUBJECTS: Consecutive sample of 456 patients with HIV infection.
METHODS: Social and medical history and clinical examinations. Univariate and logistic regression analysis.
OUTCOMES: Presence of HIV-associated oral disease.
RESULTS: 80% of patients with AIDS and 50% of patients with HIV had a specific oral disease. The most common diseases were hairy leukoplakia (30%), erythematous candidiasis (24%), pseudomembranous candidiasis (14%), angular chielitis (6%), necrotising periodontal disease (8%) and non-recurrent ulceration (6%).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of erythematous candidiasis was not related to advanced HIV disease. Pseudomembranous candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia and mucosal ulceration were significantly associated with advanced HIV disease. Smoking was also identified as a strong aetiological factor in oral diseases. Longitudinal studies are required to further explore the prognostic significance of oral diseases in HIV infection.     

The oral health of homeless adolescents and young adults and determinants of oral health: preliminary findings

A survey was administered to 55 homeless adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 28 years who presented for care at a community health center in Seattle, Washington in 2005. Forty‐five valid surveys were analyzed. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with self‐reported oral health. The most common self‐reported dental problem was sensitive teeth (52.6%), followed by discolored teeth (48.6%), toothache (38.5%), or a broken tooth (37.8%). Dental problems were associated with lower self‐reported oral health, while non‐high school graduates, mixed race youths, and methamphetamine users had significantly higher self‐reported oral health. Among homeless youths, addressing dental problems with direct dental care may improve self‐perceived oral health. The relationships between methamphetamine use and education level, on the one hand, and self‐reported oral health, on the other, are complex and may be modified by age.     

口腔白斑和鳞癌组织中emsl基因扩增的临床意义

目的：探讨emsl基因在口腔白斑和口腔鳞癌组织中扩增的临床意义。方法：采用显微解剖和差示PCR方法在15例正常口腔黏膜组织，30例口腔白斑组织和33例口腔鳞癌组织中检测emsl扩增，Logistic回归分析其与患者临床病理参数之间的相关关系。结果：emsl扩增与口腔鳞癌原发肿瘤大小T分级（P=0．025）、分化程度（P=0．043）、淋巴结状态（P=0．015）、临床分期（P=0．038）有显著相关性。结论：有emsl扩增的口腔鳞癌患者其预后可能较差，提示emsl扩增对OSCC预后有一定的预测价值。     

Effect of oral anticipatory guidance on oral health and oral hygiene practices in preschool children

Thirty children (6 to 18 months), enrolled in a dental program since birth, make up the intervention group. Control group consisted of thirty children who were of similar age and gender but had never been to a dental office. The presence of visible dental plaque and the performance of oral hygiene differed statistically between both groups. The dental program was effective in reducing visible dental plaque, and in establishing oral health habits among parents and young children.     

成都市儿童口腔医疗保险影响因素研究

目的 了解成都儿童家长对儿童口腔健康的重视程度以及儿童家长对儿童口腔保险的购买意向及其影响因素。方法 采用方便抽样方法,对成都市562位儿童家长进行问卷调查,对调查结果使用SPSS 20.0统计学软件,采用多元回归和相关性检验等方法进行统计学分析。结果 儿童年龄（非标准化系数B=-1.741,P=0.004）、家长年龄（B=2.031,P=0.003）、口腔疾病困扰程度（B=0.569,P=0.000）、1年内有无口腔花费（B=1.897,P=0.014）、家长上次洁牙时间（B=0.777,P=0.006）以及有无其他的商业保险（B=1.632,P=0.031）对家长购买儿童口腔健康保险意向的影响有统计学意义。结论 儿童口腔健康情况、儿童家长口腔保健意识和保险意识等因素均对家长购买儿童口腔健康保险意向存在影响,在儿童口腔健康保险的制定过程中应关注这些因素的影响。