10kHz～100MHz人血液细胞介电性能

目的 研究正常人血液细胞介电性能的数据特征.方法 在射频段使用阻抗分析仪测量了30例正常人血液样本的交流阻抗,通过介电谱、复平面图、介电损耗因子、电导率虚部和损耗角正切的频谱分析,明确了正常人血液细胞介电性能的频率特性.结果 正常人血液细胞介电常数和电导率具有频率依从性;正常人血液细胞介电性能具有两个特征频率:第1特征频率f1＝0.59MHz,第2特征频率f2＝2.12MHz.结论 通过频域阻抗分析法可以确定血液细胞频率特性.     

家兔全血细胞电阻抗频率特性

目的:建立家兔全血细胞复阻抗谱的数据特征参数.方法:在0.01～100 MHz频率范围,利用4294A阻抗分析仪,测量了10只家兔30个血液样本的交流阻抗,通过Bode图、Nyquist图、Nichols图谱的数据分析,建立家兔血液细胞电生理的频率特性.结果:①家兔血液细胞阻抗幅模量和相位角具有频率依从性;②家兔血液细胞阻抗谱具有两个特征频率:第一特征频率fC1＝2.58 MHz,第二特征频率fC2＝5.21 MHz.结论:通过阻抗谱分析法可以确定血液细胞频率特性.     

家兔全血细胞复阻抗谱的实验研究

目的 建立家兔全血细胞复阻抗谱的数据特征参数.方法 在0.01～100MHz频率范围,利用4294A阻抗分析仪测量了10只家兔30个血液样本的交流阻抗,通过Bode图、Nyquist图、Nichols图谱的数据分析,建立了家兔血液细胞电生理的频率特性.结果 (1)家兔血液细胞阻抗幅模最和相位角具有频率依从性.(2)家兔血液细胞阻抗谱具有两个特征频率:第1特征频率fC1=2.58MHz,第2特征频率fC2=5.21 MHz.结论 通过阻抗谱分析法可以确定血液细胞频率特性.     

Coexistence of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalances in patients with allergic asthma

Background  Recent recognition is that Th2 response is insufficient to fully explain the aetiology of asthma. Other CD4⁺ T cells subsets might play a role in asthma. We investigated the relative abundance and activities of Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in patients with allergic asthma.

Methods  Twenty-two patients with mild asthma, 17 patients with moderate to severe asthma and 20 healthy donors were enrolled. All patients were allergic to house dust mites. Plasma total IgE, pulmonary function and Asthma Control Questionnaire were assessed. The proportions of peripheral blood Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of cytokines in plasma and in the culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by enzyme linked, immunosorbent assay.

Results  The frequency of blood Th2 cells and IL-4 levels in plasma and culture supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were increased in all patients with allergic asthma. The frequency of Th17 cells and the plasma and culture supernatant levels of IL-17 were increased, whereas the frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells and plasma IL-10 levels were decreased in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus specific IgE levels were positively correlated with the percentage of blood Th2 cells and plasma IL-4 levels. Forced expiratory volume in the first second was negatively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and positively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells. However, mean Asthma Control Questionnaire scores were positively correlated with the frequency of Th17 cells and plasma IL-17 levels, and negatively correlated with the frequency of Treg cells.

Conclusions  Imbalances in Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg were found in patients with allergic asthma. Furthermore, elevated Th17 cell responses, the absence of Tregs and an imbalance in Th17/Treg levels were associated with moderate to severe asthma. 

     

Functional Human T Cells Immunity on Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontal Infection

In vivo studies have shown T ceils to be central to the mechanism by which LPS induces alveolar bone loss, but the mechanism involved remains undefined. The T lymphocyte cells, which were from the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） of the chronic periodontitis patients and healthy people, were injected into the nude mice via tail veil. One week later, LPS （from the Escherichia coli） were injected into periodontal tissues, and the injection of LPS repeated every 48h. Six weeks later, alveolar bone resorption was observed histomorphometrically and histopathologically. Consequently, more osteoclastogenesis and many inflammatory cells were found in periodontal tissue in patients T cell reconstituted nude mice with the injection of LPS. In addition, the concentration of CTX was increased in patients T cell reconstituted nude mice. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences among control groups with the injection of LPS. In this study, we found that human activated T cells induce the production of osteoclastogenesis and the alveolar bone loss with the injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. The findings demonstrate that human activated T lymphocyte is a key role in alveolar bone loss with the injection of LPS in vivo. The T cells from PBMC of CP patients play a key role in alveolar bone resorption after the LPS injection in nude mice.     

家兔全血细胞电阻抗频率特性

目的：建立家兔全血细胞复阻抗谱的数据特征参数。方法：在0．01～100MHz频率范围，利用4294A阻抗分析仪，测量了10只家兔30个血液样本的交流阻抗，通过Bode图、Nyquist图、Nichols图谱的数据分析，建立家兔血液细胞电生理的频率特性。结果：①家兔血液细胞阻抗幅模量和相位角具有频率依从性；②家兔血液细胞阻抗谱具有两个特征频率：第一特征频率fc1=2．58MHz，第二特征频率fc2=5．21MHz。结论：通过阻抗谱分析法可以确定血液细胞频率特性。     

Electrical impedance scanning in breast tumor imaging: correlation with the growth pattern of lesion

Background This study researched the electric impedance properties of breast tissue and demonstrated the different characteristic of electrical impedance scanning （EIS） images. Methods The impedance character of 40 malignant tumors, 34 benign tumors and some normal breast tissue from 69 patients undergoing breast surgery was examined by EIS in vivo measurement and mammography screening, with a series of frequencies set between 100 Hz-100 kHz in the ex vivo spectroscopy measurement. Results Of the 39 patients with 40 malignant tumors, 24 showed bright spots, 11 showed dark areas in EIS and 5 showed no specific image. Of the 30 patients with 34 benign tumors there were almost no specific abnormality shown in the EIS results. Primary ex vivo spectroscopy experiments showed that the resistivity of various breast tissue take the following pattern： adipose tissue〉cancerous tissue〉mammary gland and benign tumor tissue. Conclusions There are significant differences in the electrical impedance properties between cancerous tissue and healthy tissue. The impedivity of benign tumor is lower, and is at the same level with that of the mammary glandular tissue. The distinct growth pattern of breast lesions determined the different electrical impedance characteristics in the EIS results.     

NEWS AND NOTES

CORD BLOOD HEMATOPOIETIC CELL BANK Human umbilical cord blood as a sufficient source of cells for hematopoietic cell transplantation, usually discarded,now has been used to restore the hematopoiesis of patients.Shandong Medical University Hospital first developed the HLA-mismatched multi—cord blood transplantation and build up the first cord blood hematopoietic cell bank in the world. Studies have shown that the frequency of hematopoietic progenitors in cord blood equals to or even exceeds that of bone marrow and greatly surpasses that of adult blood. The cord blood can form CFU-F in culture besides CFU-GM and BFU-E. The frequency of CFU-GM in coculture of cord blood exceeds the sum of individual cultures. In has     

Involvement of CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of polycythaemia vera

Background Regulatory T cells （mreg） have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of hematopoietic activity. However, there is no information about the effect of Treg cells in the pathogenesis of polycythaemia vera （PV）. Methods In this study, we investigated the percentage and function of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of 21 PV patients and 25 healthy donors, mreg cells were identified and characterized as CD4^＋CD25^＋FOXP3^＋ by flow cytometry. The suppressive activity of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells was assessed by the proliferation and cytokine secretion of the co-cultured CD4^＋CD25^- fractions. Results The results showed that the percentage of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of PV patients significantly increased compared to healthy controls （（10.93±4.02）% vs （5.86±1.99）%, P 〈0.05）. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of FOXP3 was higher in CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells. Coordinately, when co-cultured with the activated CD4^＋CD25^- cells, the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells showed enhanced suppressive function in PV. Yet, the underlying mechanism for the increased frequency and function of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg cells is still to be clarified. Conclusion Treg cells expansion might account for the abnormal T cell immunity in PV patients and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of PV.     

Successful second transplantation from haploidentical donor for graft failure following unrelated cord blood cell transplantation or mismatched related transplantation: 2 cases report

Cord blood transplantation （CBT） from unrelated donors has increasingly been performed worldwide during the last decade. The immaturity of lymphocytes in cord blood permits HLA-mismatching between donors and recipients and reduces the severity of graft-versus-host disease （GVHD）. However, the relatively small dose of the cord blood nucleated cells is associated with a high frequency of engraftment failure.15 But re-transplantation with stem cells from the original donor is impossible.     

结直肠恶性组织黏膜面与浆膜面、癌旁1、3 cm以及正常组织黏膜面与浆膜面的介电特性差异

目的研究结直肠的恶性组织黏膜面与浆膜面、癌旁1、3 cm以及正常组织黏膜面与浆膜面之间的介电特性（相对介电常数 和电导率）差异。方法采用开端同轴探头法在50 MHz~3 GHz频段上对39例结直肠癌患者的新鲜离体标本的恶性组织黏膜面 与浆膜面、癌旁1、3 cm以及正常组织黏膜面与浆膜面的介电特性分别进行测量,然后分别分析其对应的介电特性,并对其中6 个特定频率点的介电特性数据进行统计学检验。结果结果显示恶性组织黏膜面介电特性高于癌旁1、3 cm及正常组织黏膜面 的介电特性,并且在六个特定频率点处存在显著性差异（P<0.01）;癌旁1、3 cm及正常组织黏膜面介电特性依次减小;此外恶性 组织黏膜面与黏膜面介电特性在64、128、298、433、915 Mhz存在差异（P<0.01）,而在2450 MHz无差异（P>0.01）;正常组织黏膜 面与浆膜面介电特性不存在显著性差异（P>0.01）。结论恶性组织,癌旁1、3 cm及正常组织的黏膜面介电特性依次减小。另 外,恶性组织黏膜面介电特性高于浆膜面,而正常组织黏膜面与浆膜面的介电特性无显著差异。     

PANI-PBOPy复合材料的制备及介电性能

采用甲基磺酸（MSA）掺杂聚苯胺（PANI）,并以MSA为溶剂,将其与聚（2,6-亚吡啶基）苯并二噁唑（PBOPy）采用溶液共混法制备 了不同PANI质量分数的PANI-PBOPy复合材料。采用红外光谱、WXRD、UV-Vis、TGA以及SEM对复合材料的结构和性能进行了表征。研究了PANI 的质量分数、温度、频率等因素对PANI-PBOPy复合材料导电性能和介电性能的影响。研究表明：当PANI的质量分数达到20%时,复合材料的电 导率增大了10个数量级;复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗则随着PANI质量分数的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,随着频率的升高先迅速降低而 后趋于稳定,并且随温度升高而增大,40 °C时PANI质量分数为15%的复合材料的介电常数约为230。     

基于开端同轴探头技术的人体正常食管和食管癌介电特性比较

目的 研究食管癌手术中切除的人体正常食管组织和食管癌组织的介电特性（相对介电常数εr和电导率σ）差异，为临床食管癌手术中快速鉴别提供一种新的理论依据。方法 采用开端同轴探头法在50 MHz~4 GHz频率范围内，对51名食管癌患者手术切除的标本正常部分及肿瘤部分进行介电测量。在全频段分析其介电特性差异，并且对6个特定频率点（64、128、298、433、915、2450 MHz）的数据进行统计学分析，此外采用Cole-Cole模型在整个频段内对数据进行拟合并且将测量值与文献值进行对比。结果 在50 MHz~4 GHz频率范围内食管癌组织的介电特性值高于正常食管组织；在6个频率点正常食管组织和食管癌组织介电特性存在显著性差异（P<0.01）；Cole-Cole模型对测量的数据有较好的拟合结果；本研究的测量值低于文献值。结论 正常食管组织与肿瘤组织介电特性存在显著性差异，有望为临床食管癌术中快速鉴别提供一种新的理论依据。     

基于开端同轴探头技术的肺癌转移和非转移淋巴结介电特性

目的 本文通过测量来自肺癌手术的淋巴结介电特性,研究肺癌转移和非转移淋巴结的介电特性（相对介电常数和电导率）差异。方法 使用开端同轴探头法,在1 MHz~4 GHz频率范围内,对76名肺癌患者手术中切除下来的淋巴结进行介电特性 测量,然后对照病理结果将淋巴结分成转移淋巴结和非转移淋巴结两类,又将转移淋巴结分为肺鳞癌转移淋巴结和肺腺癌转移淋巴结两类,在全频段和6个特定频率点（64、128、298、433、915、2450 MHz）分别分析其介电特性差异。结果 在1 MHz~4 GHz频率范围内转移淋巴结的介电特性值明显高于非转移淋巴结。肺鳞癌转移淋巴结和肺腺癌转移淋巴结介电特性不具有明显差异。在6个频率点,转移和非转移淋巴结的介电特性差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 开端同轴探头技术虽不能鉴别出淋巴结由何种肺癌细胞转移而来,但能很好的检测出肺癌转移和非转移淋巴结介电特性差异,有望为临床上鉴别淋巴结是否转移提供一种全新的检测依据。     

基于介电特性的人体恶性胃组织支持向量机辅助诊断方法

目的 基于正常和恶性胃组织介电特性值的差异,运用支持向量机(SVM)对介电特性进行自动鉴别.方法 用开端同轴探头法测量正常和恶性胃组织在42.58~500 MHz频率范围内的介电特性,并对测得的介电特性数据进行Cole-Cole模型拟合.接收机操作特性(ROC)曲线分析法被用来对各频率点下介电常数、电导率和Cole-Cole拟合参数的鉴别能力进行评估.SVM被用来对正常和恶性胃组织进行鉴别,鉴别正确率由k折交叉验证进行计算.结果 在测量频率范围内,5个低端频率点下介电常数的ROC曲线下面积达到0.8以上.这5个频率下介电常数的组合作为特征值与SVM结合取得了最高鉴别正确率84.38%, MATLAB运行时间为3.40 s.结论 本文提出的基于介电特性的恶性人体胃组织支持向量机辅助诊断方法具有可行性.     

开端同轴探头法测量组织介电特性的感应范围

目的 研究开端同轴探头法测量介电特性参数的感应范围。方法 利用介电特性参数分层模型结合微距测量装置的方式建立开端同轴探头法感应范围的测量模型,以感应深度表示垂直方向感应范围,以感应直径表示水平方向感应范围。利用介电特性参数存在差异的多种材料（特氟龙、去离子水、乙醇、梯度浓度氯化钠溶液）,设置了介电特性差异化分层模型。为标定不同输出功率下介电特性测量系统的误差范围,我们测定了不同输出功率环境下的合成不确定度（TCU）,确定测量实验最佳可变功率范围。感应范围测量实验中,根据可能对感应范围造成影响的测量参数设置对照组,包括功率（-10、-5、0、3、6、9 dBm）、频率（1~500 MHz）、特氟龙与去离子水、乙醇形成介电常数[ε]差异高低对比组、特氟龙与不同浓度氯化钠溶液形成电导率[σ]差异高低对比组,上述分组均被设置在感应深度与感应直径测量实验中。结果 合成不确定度测量结果表明测量功率大于-10 dBm（0.10 mW）可以得到相对准确的测量结果（TCU<2%）。感应深度测量结果表明感应深度与功率正相关（P<0.05）随着测量功率上升感应深度在去离子水与乙醇溶液中逐渐增大,差异达到70 μm;感应深度与被测物电导率负相关（P<0.05）,随着氯化钠溶液浓度的上升,对应感应深度逐渐下降,差异达到270 μm;高介电常数的去离子水测量组感应深度在不同测量参数环境下均大于低介电常数的乙醇测量组。测量参数变化对感应直径影响不显著,不同测量参数环境下感应直径稳定在固定范围内（1.0~1.8 mm）,介于在探头内导体直径与绝缘层直径之间,小于探头直径。结论 开端同轴探头法测量介电特性感应范围受测量参数与被测物介电特性参数共同影响,其中感应深度受影响较大。     

氮杂胞苷对SLE患者外周血T淋巴细胞表达CD70的影响

目的探讨DNA甲基化抑制剂氮杂胞苷对正常人外周血T淋巴细胞表达共刺激分子CD70的影响,以及CD70分子在系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血T淋巴细胞的表达。方法分别用流式方法、RT-PCR方法、ELISA方法检测10例健康人外周血T细胞以及10例经氮杂胞苷处理过的健康人外周血T细胞以及20例SLE患者的CD70+CD4+T细胞阳性率、T细胞的CD70mRNA转录水平及血清中的CD70分子分泌水平。结果与健康人相比,活动期、非活动期SLE患者外周血T细胞CD70mRNA表达水平、CD70+CD4+T细胞的阳性率以及血清中CD70蛋白水平均显著升高(P0.05)。且经氮杂胞苷处理过的健康人外周血淋巴细胞CD4+CD70+T细胞阳性率、CD70mRNA转录水平、血清中CD70分子水平较健康人也明显增高(P0.01)。结论SLE患者外周血T淋巴细胞过度表达CD70分子,而且DNA甲基化可能是调控外周血T淋巴细胞的CD70表达的一种基因表达调控机制。     

低介电损耗苯并噁唑复合材料的合成与表征

对介孔二氧化硅SBA 15进行氨基官能团化,制得NH2-SBA-15,通过溶液缩聚合成了一系列具有不同SBA-15质量分数的聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑/SBA-15（PBO/SBA- 15）复合材料。利用红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析（TG）和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）分别对复合材料的结构、微观形貌、热性能和电磁性能进行了表征与分析,研究了SBA-15对PBO/SBA-15复合材料介电参数的影响。研究表明：经过氨基官能团化之后,SBA-15能够均匀地分散在PBO基体中;当复合材料中SBA-15的质量分数小于8%时,PBO/SBA-15复合材料仍然保持着PBO优异的热稳定性;介孔二氧化硅SBA-15能够有效地降低PBO/SBA-15复合材料的复介电常数和介电损耗角正切,减弱PBO/SBA-15复合材料对电磁波的介电存储和损耗能力,使PBO/SBA-15复合材料表现出低介电损耗的性能。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者外周血中TH17水平的研究

目的研究急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者外周血中Th17水平变化,探讨Th17在ACS中的作用。方法选取25例ACS患者（ACS组）和25例健康志愿者（对照组）,分离外周血中单个核细胞,分别检测患者及健康志愿者外周血中Th17细胞及IL-17的水平。结果对照组与ACS患者组中Th17细胞水平分别为1.86%和3.27%,体外刺激后IL-17的水平分别为356 pg/ml和628 pg/ml。ACS患者外周血中Th17细胞显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论外周血中Th17的升高可能参与了ACS患者病程的发生和进展。     

类风湿关节炎患者外周血髓源性抑制细胞的检测及与Th1/Th2细胞的相关性分析

目的: 检测类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者外周血中髓源性抑制细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MDSCs)的水平,分析其与Th1/Th2细胞的相关性。 方法：选取确诊的RA患者36例,根据临床资料计算DAS28评分,将其分为活动组和稳定组;另选取10例健康者作为对照组。3组MDSCs、Th1及Th2细胞的比例用流式细胞术检测并进行比较。分析MDSCs与Th1/Th2细胞的相关性。结果： 活动组MDSCs的比例明显高于稳定组和对照组(P均<0.05);稳定组MDSCS的比例与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,MDSCs与Th1细胞呈负相关(P<0.05);而与Th2细胞无相关性(P>0.05)。 结论： MDSCs在RA活动期显著增高,且与CD4+T细胞亚群关系密切,可作为辅助评估RA活动状态的指标。