上海市黄浦区主要恶性肿瘤死亡纵向观察和分析

随着社会经济的发展、城市化和工业化进程加快，以及人们生活行为和方式的改变，疾病谱已由以传染性疾病为主向以慢性非传染性疾病为主的方向发展，恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率增加，已成为严重危害人民群众健康的重要因素。大量资料表明，恶性肿瘤已成为居民的第1、2位死因。随着慢性病防治工作的深入开展，恶性肿瘤防治受到广泛关注。对主要恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行系统分析，有助于了解恶性肿瘤死亡率的变化趋势，为进一步开展恶性肿瘤防治对策的制定和实施工作提供科学依据。     

赣榆县上消化道恶性肿瘤普查工作报告及结果分析

随着我国人口老龄化问题的日益突出,疾病谱发生以慢性非传染性疾病为主的变化,以肿瘤为代表的慢性非传染性疾病已成为危害人类健康的主要因素,已占居民死亡原因的第一位。赣榆县恶性肿瘤发病情况和全国相似,但根据该县恶性肿瘤流调情况,以上消化道的食管癌和胃癌为高发,恶性肿瘤的防治,特别是食管癌和胃癌的防治已成为赣榆县慢性非传染性疾病工作的重点。因此,赣榆县于2001年就上消化道恶性肿瘤的早检查、早诊断、早治疗(以下称“三早”防治)开展了较大规模的普查工作,取得了一定成效。1材料与方法1.1材料来源材料由中国初级卫生保健基金会…     

平遥县居民慢性病相关危险因素调查

<正>随着社会经济发展和人们生活方式的改变,以高血压、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤等疾病为主的慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称慢性病)已成为阻碍我国居民健康和经济社会发展的重要因素。2008年我国卫生服务调查研究显示,全国慢性病人数高     

2002年大庆市慢性病发病现状

随着社会的发展，人们生活的改善及社会环境的变化，疾病谱由以传染病为主向以慢性非传染性疾病转变。慢性病已成为严重危害人民群众健康的重要因素。为了掌握大庆市的慢性病发病情况及分布规律，为领导决策、制定防治规划提供科学依据，我们对大庆市2002年的慢性病发病资料进行了分析。     

社区动员在慢性非传染性疾病防治工作中的作用

随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，以心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病等为代表的慢性非传染性疾病已成为严重威胁我国人民健康的重要疾病，因此，防治慢性病已成为当前预防工作中的重点工作之一。由于慢性病防治工作的对象不仅有病人和可能患病的高危人群，也有一般人群，其大部分工作都是在社区人群中进行的。它需要社区各部门、各方面     

2008-2010年滨湖区慢性病发病情况监测分析

<正>随着社会经济的快速发展,人口老龄化和生活方式的改变,慢性非传染性疾病已成为威胁居民身体健康的重要疾患。为了解滨湖区慢性病流行趋势,评价预防控制效果,现对辖区     

锡山市高血压病流行情况及防治对策探讨

随着社会的发展,慢性非传染性疾病已成为经济较发达地区危害居民身心健康的重要原因。高血压因其“三高、三低”即患病率高、致残率高、死亡率高、知晓率低、服药率低、控制率低的特点,成为慢性非传染性疾病的防治重点。锡山市高血压病流行情况比较严重,已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题,迫切需要开展综合防治。现将近年来我市高血压病登记报告和抽样调查结果作一简要报告分析,并探讨其防治对策。     

抓慢性病防治推进社区卫生服务的开展

随着社会、经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高和人口老龄化进程的加快,高血压、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤等慢性非传染性疾病严重威胁着人民健康,已成为我国重要的     

上海市金山区某社区2002—2004年恶性肿瘤发病情况

随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，与环境、行为和生活方式密切相关的癌症已成为肆虐人类健康的主要疾病。为了解金山某社区居民恶性肿瘤发病情况，我们对该社区居民2002--2004年恶性肿瘤发病资料进行了分析，为肿瘤综合防治提供依据。     

社区卫生服务中慢病防治现状与发展趋势

随着社会经济的发展，人口老龄化的加快，居民的死因顺位正在发生急剧的变化，由过去的以传染病为主转变为现在的以慢性非传染性疾病（Chronic Noncommunicable Disease，简称慢病）为主。据调查，我国慢病死亡占总死亡的比例在持续上升，2000年已高达80．9％，死亡数近600万，高血压、心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病等慢病已成为严重威胁我国居民健康的重要公共卫生问题。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.