重症急性胆管炎和重症急性胰腺炎甲状腺激素变化的意义

目的研究重症急腹症患者机体内分泌激素的变化。方法对２７例重症急性胆管炎（ＡＣＳＴ）（Ａ组）和２１例重症急性胰腺炎（ＳＡＰ）（Ｂ组）患者围手术期甲状腺激素变化进行了观测,并与１２０例胆囊结石（Ｃ组）患者对照。结果术前Ａ,Ｂ组Ｔ３水平显著低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ,Ｂ组术后Ｔ３显著高于术前（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术前及术后Ａ组Ｔ３均显著低于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。２例死亡的ＡＣＳＴ患者,术前Ｔ３均低于０４６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,术后仍低于０８５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。结论甲状腺激素变化可作为判断感染程度和预后指标之一。     

修补术加PGV与修补术加奥美拉唑方案治疗十二指肠溃疡穿孔的疗效对比

目的研究十二指肠溃疡穿孔的两种不同疗法——穿孔修补术加近侧胃迷走神经切断术（ＰＧＶ）与穿孔修补术加奥美拉唑方案的临床疗效。方法将１９９４年１月－１９９６年１２月相继入院的４８例十二指肠溃疡穿孔患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组。Ａ组（２１例）在穿孔修补术的基础上，加行ＰＧＶ。Ｂ组（２７例）仅作穿孔修补术，术后辅予奥美拉唑方案（即口服奥美拉唑加羟氨苄青霉素加灭滴灵）。术后定期随访。随访结果按Ｖｉｓｉｃｋ标准分级。结果Ａ组术后半年和２年疗效优良者（ＶｉｓｉｃｋⅠ加Ⅱ级）分别为１８例（８５．７％）和１７例（８１．０％），溃疡复发者（ＶｉｓｉｃｋⅣ级）分别为１例（４．８％半年）和２例（９．５％２年）。Ｂ组术后半年和２年疗效优良者分别为１９例（６６．７％）和１０例（３７．０％），溃疡复发者分别为５例（１８．５％）和１２例（４４．５％）。Ａ组疗效优于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｈｐ检测，Ａ组术后半年和两年的Ｈｐ阳性率分别为８１．０％和８５．７％（Ｐ＞０．０５）；Ｂ组分别为１８．５％和５１．９％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论十二指肠溃疡穿孔在施行修补术后，应同时加行ＰＧＶ，以提高对溃疡病的根治效果     

主动脉瓣替换术后近期及晚期左心室功能随访

目的：评价主动脉瓣替换（ＡＶＲ）术后左心功能的近期及其远期效果。方法：对１９７８年１２月至１９９６年１２月期间连续１２９例单纯行ＡＶＲ的病人进行分析。结果：术前Ｂ超示左心室舒张末期内径（ＬＶＥＤＤ）、收缩末期内径（ＬＶＥＳＤ）分别为（６４．５±９．３）ｍｍ、（４４．７±９．９）ｍｍ,术后１４天至３个月分别为（５１．９±７．２）ｍｍ、（３１．５±４．５）ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）;术后１～２年分别为（４７．６±６．１）ｍｍ、（２９．５±５．４）ｍｍ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。手术死亡率３．９％。术后随访６个月至１６年,平均４．４年,累计随访５０１病人·年。晚期死亡６例（１．２％病人·年）,５年及１０年生存率分别为８９．３％、７７．３％。血栓栓塞及与抗凝有关的出血率分别为０．８％病人·年、１．０％病人·年。结论：ＡＶＲ术后９５％病人的心功能恢复至Ｉ或Ｉ级,长期效果满意。故主动脉瓣病变、ＬＶＥＤＤ扩大并出现症状的病人,应行主动脉瓣替换术。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化与经尿道前列腺电切对BPH的疗效比较

对２４０例有症状的前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者分别行经尿道前列腺电汽化术（ＴＶＰ）和经尿道前列腺电切术（ＴＵＲＰ）。结果显示：１２０例ＴＶＰ手术者，前列腺症状评分（ＩＰＳＳ）从术前的２０．９下降至术后３个月的５．１（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．６ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．２ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＴＵＲＰ组１２０例，ＩＰＳＳ从术前的２１．２下降至术后３个月的５．２（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大尿流率由１０．２ｍｌ／ｓ上升至１９．４ｍｌ／ｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１），两组比较无显著差异性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。平均留置导尿管时间：ＴＶＰ组２６．５小时，ＴＵＲＰ组５０．７小时，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后阳萎发生率：ＴＶＰ组２．４％，ＴＵＲＰ组１４．５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＴＶＰ组术中无大出血及经尿道前列腺电切综合征（ＴＵＲＳ）发生，需输血者仅１例。ＴＵＲＰ组３例发生ＴＵＲＳ，输血１４例。比较结果：ＴＶＰ能达到与ＴＵＲＰ完全相同的治疗效果，且并发症少，价格相对较低，近期效果满意。     

梗阻性黄疸时胆道内压力和门静脉血流与IL-2、sIL-2R及T淋巴细胞亚群变化的关系探讨

为探讨梗阻性黄疸患者败血症的发生机理，研究了３７例梗阻性黄疸（Ａ组）和９０例胆囊结石（Ｂ组）患者的胆道内压力、门静脉血流速度与白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）、可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）及Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的关系。Ａ组又分为急诊手术组（Ａ１）、择期手术组（Ａ２）、＞６０岁组（Ａ３）和＜６０岁组（Ａ４）４个亚组。结果显示：Ａ及Ａ１～４各组术前ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋值均显著低于术后１０天值（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ显著高于术后１０天值（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ１组术前ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ极显著高于Ａ及Ａ２～４组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关分析显示胆道内压力与ＩＬ－２、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋及ＣＤ８＋呈负相关，与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），门静脉血流速度与ＩＬ－２呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。由此表明梗阻性黄疸感染与宿主细胞免疫功能降低密切相关。     

氨甲苯酸和抑肽酶对体外循环中肝素抗凝作用的影响

目的为探讨氨甲苯酸和抑肽酶的止血疗效。方法将３４例成人心脏手术患者分为３组，Ａ组于体外循环（ＣＰＢ）前、中、后给予氨甲苯酸共７５０ｍｇ；Ｂ组ＣＰＢ中给予抑肽酶２００万Ｕ；并设一对照组。结果氨甲苯酸使ＣＰＢ中激活全血凝固时间（ＡＣＴ）明显缩短，追加肝素量较另两组显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），２４小时胸液量较对照组减少２３％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。抑肽酶使ＣＰＢ中ＡＣＴ略延长，与对照组相比无统计学意义，对肝素用量无影响，２４小时胸液减少３５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。两用药组术中术后库血用量均显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），术后胸液量相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论氨甲苯酸止血疗效弱并缩短ＡＣＴ及明显增加肝素用量，不如抑肽酶疗效可靠。     

围术期红细胞丙酮酸激酶活性的变化

目的：观察围术期红细胞内丙酮酸激酶（ＰＫ）活性的变化。方法：将３０例上腹部手术病人分成硬膜外阻滞（ＥＢ）和静脉普鲁卡因复合麻醉（ＩＰＢＡ）两组。结果：两组病人血糖于手术６０分时均开始明显升高，术后第一天值与基础值比较，ＥＢ组：８．２９±５０，４．８０±０．１８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＰＢＡ组：６．３６±０．３３，４．５５±０．１８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。红细胞内２，３－ＤＰＧ浓度无明显改变。但两组ＰＫ活性于术毕６０分时明显下降。其术后第一天值与基础值分别相比较，ＥＢ组：７．５９±１．０１，１１．６２±１．０６ＩＵ／ｇＨｂ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＩＰＢＡ组：７．７５±０．９４，１１．８４±１．１２ＩＵ／ｇＨｂ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：在手术创伤后的高血糖反应下，红细胞内ＰＫ活性明显下降，２，３－ＤＰＧ浓度无变化。这可能与红细胞内糖酵解通路受抑制有关。     

二氧化碳气腹不同压力对呼吸,循环,血气参数的影响

对腹腔镜胆囊切除（ＬＣ）患者１５０例随机分成Ａ组（气腹压力１．３￣１．９ｋＰａ）、Ｂ组（气腹压力２．０￣２．７ｋＰａ），观察不同气腹压力对呼吸、循环、血气各参数的变化。结果Ｂ组气腹后１５分ａｗ、ＰＥＴＣＯ２、ＳｐＯ２、ＭＡＰ、ＨＲ、ｐＨ、ＰａＣＯ２、ＳａＯ２的变化明显，各参数与Ａ组比较相差显著及非常显著（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）。提示ＬＣ时ＣＯ２气腹压力维持在１．３￣１．９ｋＰａ为宜，气腹压力超２     

非普拉宗与泌尿灵联用治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎和前列腺痛的疗效观察

将１５６例慢性非细菌性前列腺炎和前列腺痛病人随机分为三组，①Ａ组５１例，年龄２８±８岁，给予泌尿灵４００ｍｇ，２次／ｄ；②Ｂ组４９例，年龄２７±１０岁，给予非普拉宗２００ｍｇ，２次／ｄ；③Ｃ组５６例，年龄３０±７岁，给予泌尿灵４００ｍｇ加非普拉宗２００ｍｇ，２次／ｄ。结果示，Ｃ组总有效率８３．９％，与Ａ组（６４．７％）和Ｂ组（６１．３％）比较，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ａ组在改善尿流率指标方面比Ｂ组好，但Ｂ组解除临床症状比Ａ组好，Ｃ组在改善尿流率指标和解除临床症状方面均优于Ａ与Ｂ组。     

温血灌注心肌保护的临床应用

目的避免冷停跳液心肌保护法的缺点，寻找更理想的心肌保护方法。方法：两组２０例心脏择期手术病人应用含氧温血（３７℃）连续灌注（ｎ＝１０）和间断冷停跳液灌注（ｎ＝１０）心肌保护法的比较，观察转流后血动学指标以及心肌酶的活性。结果：转流后低排综合征发生率，温血组明显低于冷停跳液组（分别是１０％和３０％，Ｐ＜０．０５）；自动窦性心率复跳率温血组９０％，冷停跳液组仅３０％，后平行时间，温血组明显短于冷停跳液组（分别是１５±９．２，２５±１１．２分钟Ｐ＜０．０５）；天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）和肌酸激酶同功酶（ＣＫ－ＭＢ），温血组明显低于冷停跳液组，分别是冷停跳液组的４８．１％、５４．５％、６８％和３４％，且多在术后３～４天恢复到正常水平；转流后心输出量在温血组明显高于转流前（分别是３．３±０．７和５．１±０．９Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，Ｐ＜０．００１），但冷停跳液组没有如此明显的改变。结论：含氧温血连续灌注是安全和有效的心肌保护方法之一。     

Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Predictors and the Role of MgSO4 Replacement

A bstract Background : Supraventricular arrhythmias continue to complicate the postoperative course of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and to determine the efficacy of postoperative magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄) replacement on the incidence of AF after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation. Methods : Fifty patients undergoing CABG were studied prespectively. Consenting patients with good left ventricular function and without any documented arrhythmias were randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients each in a double-blind fashion. The clinical characteristics of both groups were similar. In the study group, 200 mEq MgSO₄ was given for the first 5 postoperative days, in the control group, placebo was given instead of MgSO₄. Results : Five (20%) patients in the control group and one (4%) patient in the MgSO₄ group experienced AF. There was no significant relationship between the development of AF and the following variables: age; sex; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; previous myocardial infarction; smoking; extension of coronary artery disease; aortic cross-clamp time; number of grafts; cardiopulmonary bypass time; postoperative pericarditis; and anemia. Conclusion : The use of MgSO₄ in early postoperative period is effective in reducing the incidence of AF after CABG in patients with good ventricular function.     

颈动脉狭窄同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术中改善脑血流的研究

目的 研究颈动脉狭窄患者在冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术中通过单纯提高心肺转流流量对脑血流和预后改善的意义.方法 选取2006年1月至2008年3月,51例接受CABG的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病合并颈动脉狭窄患者,将其分为A、B两组.A组患者15例(单侧或双侧颈动脉狭窄≥50%),其中男性14例,女性1例,年龄(68.5±7.7)岁;B组36例(双侧颈动脉狭窄均<50%),其中男性34例,女性2例,年龄(62.4±10.2)岁.针对A组患者适当提高转机流量,并通过术中颈动脉超声监测观察脑血流改善效果,结合术后神经功能评分评价保护作用.结果 心肺转流中控制A组转流量高于B组,A组为(3.18±0.23)L·m-2·min-1,B组为(2.80±0.29)L·m-2·min-1(P=0.001).心肺转流过程中A组平均动脉压为(67.0±9.1)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133kPa),高于B组的(59.0±7.1)mm Hg(P=0.009).两组大脑中动脉血流无明显差异(P=0.159).出院前患者神经心理学评分无明显差异.结论 颈动脉狭窄患者行CABG时,通过适当提高心肺转流灌注流量,可以明显改善病变侧脑血流,预防术后发生因术中脑缺血导致的神经心理并发症.     

Left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm after a myocardial infarction; application of heart positioner

We herein present the case of a pseudo-false aneurysm which developed in a patient after a myocardial infarction in the posterior left ventricular wall. A 71-year-old man experienced an acute myocardial infarction due to occlusion in the left circumflex artery. Five weeks after the myocardial infarction, echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed a pseudo-false aneurysm at the posterior left ventricular wall. A patch closure of the aneurysm and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to both the left anterior descending artery and the left circumflex arteries were successfully performed. At surgery, the Starfish Heart Positioner, a commercially available device that is designed to lift the heart during off-pump CABG, was found to be very useful for exposing the posterior left ventricular wall by lifting and fixing the apex of the left ventricle.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术1018例临床分析

目的总结、探讨冠状动脉搭桥术的外科技术及临床治疗效果。方法回顾分析1997—2004年同一术者完成的冠状动脉搭桥术1018例患者的临床资料,其中非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)510例,体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)508例。≥60岁的患者582例(57.2%)。不稳定性心绞痛患者852例;术前同时合并其他疾病患者784例(77.0%),包括瓣膜病、高血压病、糖尿病、陈旧性心肌梗死、室壁瘤、室间隔穿孔、脑梗死、阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、慢性肾功能不全、恶性肿瘤术后等。左主干病变156例;三支病变671例,三支病变以下347例。结果死亡4例(0.39%),总体并发症(胸骨哆开、脑梗死、纵隔炎)发生率1.6%(16/1018)。OPCAB者平均搭桥(2.5±0.4)支,CCABG者平均搭桥(3.3±0.6)支。左乳内动脉使用率93.8%(955/1018),术后早期使用主动脉内气囊反搏29例。全组随访2个月～7年,随访1002例(98.4%)。结论科学的外科策略,精湛的手术技术及麻醉、体外循环技术的改进,可使CABG术的死亡率和并发症明显下降,冠状动脉旁路移植术安全、可靠,效果满意。     

Long-term surgical results in sudden death syndrome associated with cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction.

To evaluate the surgical results in patients with inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to coronary disease and left ventricular dysfunction, the authors reviewed their experience in 170 patients who had survived one or more cardiac arrests after myocardial infarction and were unresponsive to drug therapy based on electrophysiologic studies (EPS). There were nine operative deaths (5%). Based on intraoperative EPS, surgical remodeling of left ventricular dysfunction (aneurysm resection, infarct debulking, and septal reinforcement) with map-guided cryoablation and coronary artery bypass graft was performed in 34 patients (group A), and left ventricular remodeling and coronary artery bypass graft without guided endocardial resection was performed in 25 patients (group B). Forty-three patients (group C) had coronary artery bypass graft with implantation of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD). Group D (68 patients) received AICD only. After operation, based on EPS results, four patients in group A (12%) and three patients in Group B (15%) required AICD implantation. Overall survival at 6 years was 65%, 48%, 85%, and 58% in patient groups A, B, C, and D, respectively (p = not significant). During follow-up in group A patients, none died suddenly and none needed AICD. In group B, two patients required AICD 3 and 5 years later, and five patients died suddenly. The incidence of sudden death was 2.3%/patient/year and 3.5%/patient/year after AICD implantation (groups C and D). At 6 years, cardiac-event-free survival was 80% and 70% for groups A and B and 38% and 24% for groups C and D, respectively (p less than 0.001). Patients receiving map-guided ablative procedures had significantly improved cardiac-event-free survival rates.     

Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Following Failed Balloon Angioplasty: Role of the Internal Mammary Artery Graft

During a 4-year period (1986-1989), 3,502 patients had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in our institution. One hundred nineteen (3.4%) patients required emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) because of abrupt vessel closure following PTCA. Factors associated with vessel closure included lesion angulation greater than or equal to 90 degrees (p less than 0.007), the presence of thrombus (p less than 0.02), or a long (greater than or equal to 2 cm) lesion (p less than 0.03). Of these 119 emergency CABG patients, 108 (91%) arrived in the operating room in a stable condition (group I) and 11 (9%) were in cardiogenic shock (group II). Five (45%) of the group II patients were admitted to the hospital with an acute myocardial infarction and all 11 patients had a higher incidence of multivessel disease (p less than 0.05) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.001) than group I patients. The overall surgical mortality was 10.1%; however, in group I the mortality was 5.6% and in group II it was 54.5% (p less than 0.001). The vessel that abruptly closed ("culprit vessel") was the left anterior descending (LAD) in 60%, the right coronary artery in 27%, and the left circumflex in 13%. The internal mammary artery was utilized to bypass the culprit artery in 51 (43%) patients, including 50% of the culprit LADs. With group I culprit LAD patients, when the left IMA was the bypass conduit, there were no hospital deaths nor strokes and there was a 6.3% incidence of perioperative infarction.     

Post infarction left ventricular aneurysm and ventricular septal defect—a clinical experience at SSKM Hospital Kolkata

Patients with apical transmural myocardial infarctions are at higher risk of aneurysmal formation, followed by those with posterior-basal infarcts. Ventricular septal defect formerly occurred in 1% to 2% of patients after acute myocardial infarction in the prethrombolytic era. The incidence has dramatically decreased with reperfusion therapy. Fourty five years old housewife was admitted with an acute anterior infarction who had developed Ventricular septal defect and left ventricular aneurysm, presented with New York Heart Association class IV dyspnoea, echocardiography showed large left ventricular aneurysm with dyskinesia, large apical ventricular septal defect, ejection fraction 30%, coronary angiography: Proximal Left Anterior Decending artery (LAD) lesion 90%, Circumflex lesion 80%. There was one aneurysm of the left ventricle. The aneurysm was to the left of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The left ventricle was opened through the aneurysm. The ventricular septal defect was situated anteriorly in the apical region of the septum. The overall area was about 3 cm². It was closed with a dacron patch. The aneurysm was removed and closed with felts of Teflon.Saphenous vein grafts were inserted into the circumflex (obtuse marginal 1) and left anterior decending artery. Postoperatively no murmur was audible. Sinus rhythm was retained. Digoxin and diuretic therapy were continued and the patient was discharged from hospital 7 days after operation. A follow up echocardiographic study was done and that showed left ventricular dialatation, wall motion abnormality with moderate systolic dysfunction, no shunt across the ventricular septum, no pulmonary arterial hypertension, with ejection fraction of 35%. She remained well until 18 months after operation.     

CABG: lessons from the randomized trials

Three large cooperative randomized trials have evaluated the effects of medical and surgical management of ischemic heart disease on survival and other secondary end points. Both randomized and observational data from these trials show increased survival following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with left main coronary artery stenosis, triple-vessel disease, double-vessel disease, left ventricular (LV) functional impairment, or LV aneurysm. The incidence of fatal, but not nonfatal, myocardial infarction is reduced by CABG. Results in patients 65 years of age or older are similar to those in younger patients but are influenced by associated disease. Gainful employment and risk factors are uninfluenced by treatment. Symptoms of congestive heart failure were not improved by CABG alone but were improved by LV aneurysmectomy when this was performed.     

Revascularization of dysfunctioning myocardium: differential prognostic effects of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with three-vessel disease and mostly viable myocardium

In patients with left ventricular dysfunction, multivessel coronary disease and viable myocardium, little is known on the differential prognostic effect of coronary artery by pass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). To this purpose, 177 patients with previous myocardial infarction, three-vessel coronary disease and an EF<0.40 underwent CABG (group A, 114 patients) or PTCA (group B, 63 patients). Viability was demonstrated by maintained Thallium-201 uptake in more than 70% of left ventricle in 95/114 and 51/63 patients of groups A and B, respectively. Revascularization was greater in the CABG group (2.9+/-1.2 graft/patient) as compared to the PTCA group (1.3+/-1.2 treated vessel, P<0.05). Intraoperative mortality was 6.7 and 6.3% in groups A and B, respectively. At 6 months, viability was highly predictive of improvement of symptoms and wall motion abnormalities. Survival at 4 years was 90% in CABG and 92% in PTCA patients with maintained viability, while cumulative hard event rates showed an event-free survival of 86 and 76% in groups A and B, respectively (log rank: 0.0035). In patients with three-vessel coronary disease, low EF and mostly viable myocardium, coronary revascularization was associated with a favourable 4-year survival, even if CABG was superior to PTCA in reducing cumulative events.     

A review of coronary artery bypass grafting distal to the total obstruction

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) distal to the total obstruction has been carried out in 10 patients during 17 month period. There were neither operative deaths nor perioperative myocardial infarction. All patients were free from angina pectoris postoperatively. There were 13 completely obstructed coronary arteries. CABG was successfully placed on 9/9 (100%) of the distal artery filled with collaterals including thread-like caliber, but 0/4 (0%) without opacification suggesting no collaterals. The graftability to the left anterior descending branch was 6/6 (100%), to the circumflex system was 3/5 (60%), and to the right coronary system was 0/2 (0%). Postoperative regional ejection fraction and cardiac index improved significantly. In conclusion, CABG distal to the total obstruction should be performed in case of the distal lumen opacified by collaterals. Especially CABG to the left anterior descending artery might be worth-while.