整块切除含肠系膜上静脉-门静脉的胰十二指肠治疗 II、III 期胰头癌的探讨

作者在１９８９～１９９５年间收治的２８例Ｉ、ＩＩ期胰头癌患者中，对肿瘤侵及肠系膜上静脉－门静脉（ＳＭＰＶ），难以采用标准的胰十二指肠切除（ＰＤ）术的１５例施行了含ＳＭＰＶ在内的胰十二指肠整块切除。术后并发症发生率５３．３％，无围手术期死亡。随访１４例中已死亡７例，中位生存期１７．１个月。与在此以前因癌肿侵及ＳＭＰＶ而放弃根治切除１７例的中位生存期３．８个月进行比较，两组生存期有显著差异（ｔ＝８．０１，Ｐ＜０．００１）。作者对手术方法和步骤作了介绍，并对本术式的合理性和可行性进行了探讨。作者认为对于Ｉ、ＩＩ期胰头癌病例，如术中发现ＳＭＰＶ受侵而无其他手术禁忌时，施行含ＳＭＰＶ在内的扩大根治术是可行的。     

区域性胰腺切除治疗胰头癌的临床实践和探索

目的：临床研究区域性胰腺切除治疗胰头癌的效果。方法：采用区域性胰腺切除（ＲＰ）治疗３９例，其中包括尖胰十二指肠切除的基础上扩大区域淋巴结廓清的Ｏ型ＲＰ２０例，同时联合切除受肿瘤侵犯的肠系膜上静脉门静脉（ＳＭＰＶ）的Ⅰ型１８例，和联合切除受侵的肠系膜上的动脉的Ⅱ型１例。结果：２０例发生了围手术期并发症（５１．３％），围手术期死亡率５．１％，获随访３６例（９２．３％），其中２１例已死亡的病例中，除２例     

含SMPV胰十二指肠切除并发症的分析

含ＳＭＰＶ胰十二指肠切除并发症的分析吴荣进罗建生郑樟栋陈凯曾天定手术切除是治疗胰头癌的首选方法。胰十二指肠切除因其手术创伤大、范围广、时间长，术后并发症发生率较高。我院１９８９年１１月至１９９５年１２月６年间共收治胰头癌５８例，采用区域性胰十二指肠切...     

能切除的胰头癌21例报告

近10多年来我科手术治疗的40例胰头癌患者中，行胰十二指肠切除术ZI例（15％）。其中行胰十二指肠切除加胆囊引流术（A式）5例；胰十二指肠切除加双T型管引流术（B式）6例；B式加经胰十二指肠下静脉插管至肠系膜上静脉化疗（C式）周例。结果：行A式手术发生胰瘘2例，胆瘘1例，手术死亡2例；行B式及C式手术者无胆瘘及胰瘘发生，也无手术死亡。中位生存期A式6．2个月，B式12．6个月，C式18．5个月。我们采用双T型管引流法，减少了胰、胆瘘的发生，降低了死亡率，其优点有：①肠蠕动恢复前，能将胰胆液引流至体外，以减轻吻合口张力，利…     

胰管空肠吻合胰腺残端套入法预防Whipple术后胰瘘(附17例报告)

我院自１９８５年３月至１９９８年６月，胰十二指肠切除３０例中选择性采用胰管空肠吻合胰残端套人法行胰肠吻合１７例，术后无胰瘘发生。现总结报道如下。资料与方法１．一般资料：本组１７例中男１０例，女７例。平均年龄５３．２（３３～７９）岁。人院病程为０．５～２个月。全部表现为梗阻性黄疸。胰头癌６例，Ｖａｔｅｒ壶腹癌５例，十二指肠乳头癌３例，胆总管下段癌２例，慢性阻塞性胰腺炎１例，皆经术后病检证实。２．手术方法：胰十二指肠切除后，按胰、胆、胃的顺序与空肠吻合。空肠断端缝合关闭后经横结肠系膜根部向上提起与胰…     

内引流并术中放疗和灌注化疗治疗胰头癌

目的 提高中晚期胰头癌的姑息性治疗效果。方法 对２６例中晚期胰头癌患者胆肠吻合术,手术中行直线加速器肿瘤区直接照射,同时手术中经胃十二指肠动脉置入埋入式化疗泵,抹后行肿瘤区灌注化疗。结果 随访３～２７个月,全疗程结束后肿块均有不同程度缩小,疼痛缓解率１００％。６个月生存率为１００％,１２个月生存率９３．９％,２４个月生存率２０％。死亡的５例,平均生存期为１７．８个月。结论 内引流并术中放疗和灌注化     

胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头联合胰十二指肠切除43例临床分析

目的探讨胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头时的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1984年6月至2004年6月收治的采用胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗的胃癌侵及胰头43例临床资料。结果无手术死亡。19例根治手术中联合胰十二指肠切除术15例,胰头局部切除4例;姑息切除17例;探查及胃空肠吻合7例。术后并发症发生率:PD术后为33%(5/15),胰头部分切除为25%(1/4),姑息切除为18%(3/17),探查活检为14%(1/7)。组间差异无显著性意义(P>0·05)。随访:中位生存时间PD为26个月(12~156个月),胰头部分切除为23个月(14~73个月),姑息切除为8个月(3~37个月),探查及胃空肠吻合为3个月(1·5~9·0个月)。联合PD和胰头部分切除的生存期明显长于姑息切除和探查及胃空肠吻合组(P<0·01)。结论胃幽门窦癌联合PD或胰头局部切除能够提高病人的生存期,手术指征选择恰当和肿瘤的彻底根治是取得良好临床效果的关键。     

胰头十二指肠并受侵PV／SMV整块联合切除治疗Ⅱ,Ⅲ期胰头癌

目的 提高单纯侵犯门静脉和（或）肠系膜上静脉（ＰＶ／ＳＭＶ）之Ⅱ，Ⅲ期胰头癌的根治性切除率，方法 对６例Ⅱ，Ⅲ期胰头癌施行包括受侵ＰＶ／ＳＭＶ在内的扩大的胰头十二指肠切除术（ＰＤ）和广泛的区域淋巴结清扫。结果 平均手术时间９小时，平均术中输血１０００ｍｌ。３例获得根治性切除。术后发生切口裂开，胃动力障碍和上消化道出血各１例，但未发生胆漏，胰漏，肝肾功能衰竭等严重并发症，且无手术死亡，平均住院时间３     

联合血管切除的胰十二指肠切除术61例临床分析

目的 探讨联合血管切除的胰十二指肠切除术的方法及临床意义。方法 回顾性总结61例联合血管切除的胰十二指肠切除术经验。结果 联合血管切除的胰十二指肠切除术围手术期死亡率为4．9％（3／61），并发症发生率为18％（11／61）。获随访的47例胰腺癌病人，术后生存5～36个月，平均18个月。有9例血管受侵病人术后存活超过24个月，1例已生存42个月至今，无肿瘤复发。结论 严格掌握手术适应证，联合血管切除的胰十二指肠切除术并不增加手术死亡率和并发症发生率，并可在一定程度上延长病人的生存期。     

皮下置入药泵区域化疗在治疗不能切除的胰体尾癌中的？…

自１９９５年以来，对８例术中探查为不能切除的胰本尾癌进行皮下置入药泵及脾动脉置管，术后向药泵注入５－Ｆｕ和ＭＭＣ，进行区域动脉化疗，并与１２例不能切除的胰体尾癌仅行外周静脉化疗的病例对照。结果显示，区域性动脉化疗组中位生存期７．０个月，静脉化疗组４．２个月，两组比较差异显著。本方法对延长不能切除胰体尾癌患者的生存期有较好疗效。     

Rationale for en bloc vein resection in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma adherent to the superior mesenteric-portal vein confluence. Pancreatic Tumor Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: Tumor invasion of the superior mesenteric-portal vein (SMPV) confluence is often considered a contraindication to pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients with malignant tumors of the pancreas or periampullary region. The authors sought to determine whether pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc resection of the SMPV confluence could be safely performed and whether tumors involving the SMPV confluence were associated with pathologic parameters suggesting poor prognosis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Several centers have reported high rates of retroperitoneal margin positivity after pancreaticoduodenectomy for tumors of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. Positive-margin or incomplete resection is associated with early tumor recurrence and no survival benefit compared with palliative therapy. Tumor adherence to the lateral of posterior wall of the SMPV confluence often represents the only barrier to complete tumor resection at the time of pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: Data on all patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or periampullary region over a 3.5-year period were entered prospectively in a pancreatic tumor database. To be considered for surgery, patients were required to fulfill the following computed tomography criteria for resectability: 1) the absence of extrapancreatic disease, 2) no tumor encasement of the superior mesenteric artery or celiac axis, and 3) a patent SMPV confluence. Tumor adherence to the superior mesenteric vein or SMPV confluence was assessed intraoperatively, and en bloc venous resection was performed when necessary to achieve complete tumor extirpation. Data on operative characteristics, morbidity, mortality, tumor size, nodal metastases, margin positivity, perineural invasion, and tumor DNA content were compared for patients who did and did not receive venous resection. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 36 without venous resection and 23 with en bloc resection of the SMPV confluence. No differences in median hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, tumor size, margin positivity, nodal positivity, or tumor DNA content were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: When necessary, segmental resection of the SMPV confluence may be performed safely during pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary malignant tumors. Tumors invading the SMPV confluence are not associated with histologic parameters suggesting a poor prognosis. Our data suggest that venous involvement is a function of tumor location rather than an indicator of aggressive tumor biology.     

联合肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除在胰腺癌根治术中的作用

目的 研究胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除的手术安全性及术后生存率,评估它在胰腺癌根治术中的作用.方法 回顾性分析32例因胰腺癌行胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除患者,根据病理有无真正的血管侵犯分为无血管侵犯组和肠系膜上静脉-门静脉侵犯组.结果 32例胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除并发症发生率为31%,无手术死亡,术后1、3年生存率分别为59%、22%,切缘阴性组平均生存时间20个月,而切缘阳性组平均生存时间仅5.6个月;无肿瘤血管侵犯组和肠系膜上静脉-门静脉侵犯两组并发症发生率、术后3年生存率无明显差别.结论 肠系膜上静脉-门静脉侵犯并非胰腺癌根治术的禁忌证,肠系膜上静脉-门静脉侵犯并非提示不良预后的组织学指标.     

Use of the left renal vein as a practical conduit in superior mesenteric vein reconstruction

PURPOSE: Invasion of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) or superior mesenteric-portal vein (SMPV) confluence, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the head and uncinate process, is the most common unexpected finding at the time of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Resection of the SMV or SMPV with reconstruction using autologous and synthetic conduits is well established. We describe the use of the left renal vein as a practical, easy, and durable alternative as an interposition graft after pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc segmental resection of the SMV. METHODS AND RESULTS: Involvement of the SMV by a pancreatic mass is resected en bloc with a standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. The left renal vein is then harvested from the junction with the IVC and proximal to the adrenal vein. This is then used as a vein graft for the resected portion of the SMV. DISCUSSION: Complete pancreatic cancer resection with grossly tumor-free margins provides the only chance for long-term cure. Isolated tumor involvement of the SMV or SMPV confluence is not associated with histopathological variables predictive of a poor prognosis and appears to be a function of tumor location rather than an indicator of biological aggressiveness. Recurrence and long-term survival following pancreaticoduodenectomy with and without vein resection are equivalent, provided grossly negative margins are achieved. We describe the use of the left renal vein as a technically feasible, easy, and durable conduit for SMV reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy. After resection of the left renal vein, significant increase in postoperative serum creatinine has not been reported; collateral flow has been confirmed by radiological methods and severe renal dysfunction perioperatively, postoperatively, and during long-term follow-up has not been observed.     

胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除(附25例报告)

目的研究胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除的手术安全性及术后生存率。方法回顾性分析25例因胰腺癌行胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除病人，根据病理有无真正的血管侵犯分为A、B两组，A组：无真正的血管侵犯，B组：肠系膜上静脉-门静脉侵犯。结果25例胰十二指肠合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除并发症发生率为32．0％，无一例手术死亡，术后1、2年生存率分别为56．0％、28．0％，A、B两组并发症发生率、术后2年生存率无明显差别。结论肠系膜上静脉-门静脉侵犯并非胰腺癌根治术的禁忌证，只要仔细选择病例，合并肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除可安全施行，并不增加手术并发症和死亡率。     

胰十二指肠联合门静脉切除治疗胰头癌

目的: 总结胰十二指肠联合门静脉切除治疗胰头癌的经验 。方法: 对4例肿瘤侵犯门静脉胰头癌患者行胰头十二指肠联合门静脉的切除术,门静脉阻断时间分别为20分钟、25分钟、29分钟和37分钟,手术方法和步骤独特 。结果: 术后患者顺利恢复,无并发症发生 。结论: 对于癌肿侵犯门静脉系统的胰头癌患者,施行含门静脉在内的联合切除术是必要的。     

Pancreatic resection for locally advanced primary and metastatic nonpancreatic neoplasms

We conducted a retrospective review of our single-institution experience with pancreas resection for locally advanced primary malignancy or metastases from other organs. From January 1989 through April 2001 35 patients underwent pancreatic resection for locally advanced primary (17) and recurrent nonpancreatic (18) tumors. Patient records were examined for recurrence and survival. Seventeen patients with locally advanced primary tumors presented with pancreatic extension either into the head/body (six) or tail (11). Pancreatic resections were completed as en bloc procedures with the primary disease of stomach (five), colon (four), sarcoma (five), adrenal gland (one), or spleen (one). Procedures performed included pancreaticoduodenectomy for proximal lesions and distal pancreatectomy for disease limited to the pancreatic tail. Median overall survival was 56 months. Fourteen of 17 patients remain alive: three with disease and 11 without evidence of recurrence. Eighteen patients presented with recurrent tumor from a previously resected right upper quadrant tumor (nine) or metastases from an intra-abdominal source (nine). The primary source was colon (eight), biliary (three), sarcoma (three), melanoma (two), ovary (one), and unknown primary (one). Patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, or resection of residual pancreas. Overall median survival was 46 months. In this group of 18 patients there was no increased survival in those patients with a time to recurrence from their primary tumor resection greater than 2 years. We conclude that pancreatic resection for locally advanced nonpancreatic or recurrent intra-abdominal malignancies is possible in properly selected patients. The ability to obtain disease-free margins through en bloc resection is a key component of therapy.     

门静脉切除重建联合胰十二指肠切除术在胰腺癌治疗中的应用

目的：探讨门静脉切除重建联合胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析21例行联合门静脉(PV) 和/或肠系膜上静脉(SMV)、胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,分析手术并发症及其预后。结果：全组围手术期并发症发生率为19.04%(4/21),其中2例胃潴留,1例上消化道出血,1例切口裂开,无胆胰瘘并发症。围手术期（术后1个月内）病死率4.76%（1/21）。20例患者生存期为6～67个月,平均(20.38±9.36) 个月。患者术后1,3,5年生存率分别是65.9%,16.0%和10.2%。结论：有选择的施行血管切除有助于提高局部较晚期胰头癌的切除率,能明显改善患者的生存质量,在一定程度上延长了生存期。     

局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌联合胰十二指肠切除术：附15例报告

目的探讨局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌行胃癌或结肠癌切除联合胰十二指肠切除术的可行性及临床价值。方法回顾性分析2004年5月—2010年12月15例侵犯胰头十二指肠区域的局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌联合胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,其中原发或复发胃癌12例,结肠癌3例。结果中位手术时间6 h(4～12 h),中位术后住院时间21 d(7～63 d)。并发症发生率为46.7%(7/15),再手术率为6.7%(1/15),病死率为6.7%(1/15)。中位生存期为23个月;1,2,3年累积生存率分别为62.2%,44.4%,22.2%。结论联合胰十二指肠切除术可作为局部进展期胃癌或结肠癌侵犯胰头十二指肠区域患者的治疗选择。该术式可延长部分患者的生存期。     

猪门静脉转流下胰十二指肠切除及肠系膜上静脉-门静脉切除重建的研究

目的 探讨门静脉转流下胰十二指肠切除(PD)及肠系膜上静脉-门静脉(SMPV)切除重建的可行性及安全性,并对其评价。方法 利用猪与人胰腺解剖的相似性,用来模拟人的胰头癌浸润SMPV后的胰十二指肠切除方式,建立门静脉转流下PD及SMPV切除重建的技术及方法。结果 (1)实验组、对照组长期存活率分别为100.0％、66.7％;(2)对照组阻断前后血流动力学参数波动较大,实验组稳定;(3)两组均有肝脏缺血再灌注损伤,但对照组病理损害比实验组重;(4)实验组肠黏膜的病理损害明显轻于对照组;(5)对照组肠黏膜通透性、肠系膜淋巴结肠道菌属培养阳性率及门静脉血内毒素均明显高于实验组。结论 在门静脉转流下,猪胰十二指肠切除联合SMPV切除及自体颈外静脉移植,其操作简便,安全性大,是研究临床手术方式比较实用的技术方法。